"壮阳促孕散"补肾壮阳作用的研究

采用小鼠肾阳虚证（去势）模型及少精模型,探讨了壮阳促孕散对雄性小鼠补肾壮阳的作用。结果表明,壮阳促孕散能明显提高去势小鼠包皮腺、精液囊-前列腺指数,大大缩短阴茎勃起潜伏期,并能显著提高少精模型小鼠的精子数量及精子活率,使低龄小鼠血清睾酮含量明显增加。提示壮阳促孕散具有补肾壮阳作用。     

补骨脂淫羊藿总黄酮对兔成骨细胞增殖及抗氧化作用的影响

中医认为,肾藏精,精生髓,髓养骨而通于脑.补肾壮阳中药补骨脂、淫羊藿具有补肾壮阳,益精健骨的功效,现代中药药理学研究结果表明,补骨脂、淫羊藿具有广泛的药理作用,对机体免疫系统、造血系统、心血管系统和生殖系统等都有很好的调理作用[1].淫羊藿主要化学成分为黄酮类化合物,包括淫羊藿苷、淫羊藿次苷、脱水淫羊藿素等[1].     

乳铁蛋白的分离纯化以及免疫佐剂作用的研究

乳铁蛋白(lactoferrin,LF)是存在于哺乳动物外分泌液中的一种铁离子结合蛋白,分子质量约为80 000 Da～90 000 Da.它具有广谱抗菌、抗病毒感染作用;能调节体内铁的平衡;调节机体免疫力、增强机体抗病能力等多种功能[1-3],近年来已引起人们的广泛关注.     

不同剂量替米考星对雏鸡心功能的影响

替米考星是一种由泰乐菌素经酸水解后半合成的大环内酯类畜禽专用抗生素[1-2].具有谱广、抗菌作用,同时可作为免疫介质,调节机体免疫功能,促进机体自身防御功能的独特机制[4].替米考星的药动学已在牛、羊、猪及家禽[5]等动物上进行过研究,内服和皮下注射给药吸收快,血中药物半衰期长,药物组织穿透力强,体内分布范围广[6].替米考星的靶器官为心脏,对动物心血管系统具有影响作用[8-9],但现在的仅有关于牛、猪、羊、犬等注射替米考星后对心功能影响的报道,而未见关于鸡的研究.因此,本试验对此进行了试验.     

壮阳促孕散对雌性小鼠生殖机能的影响研究

采用常规药理学实验方法,探讨了中药壮阳促孕散对雌性小鼠子宫增重、卵巢结构和对去卵巢小鼠子宫内膜、阴道上皮结构以及阴道上皮脱落细胞角化率的影响.结果表明,壮阳促孕散能使幼年小鼠子宫显著增重,促进幼年小鼠卵巢发育,使其提早出现性成熟的形态特征;也能促进去卵巢小鼠子宫内膜和阴道上皮增生、分泌,提高阴道上皮脱落细胞角化率,从而证明中药壮阳促孕散具有雌激素样作用.     

牦牛鞭若干化学成分分析

据《名医别录》记载,鹿鞭、牛鞭都具有"补肾、壮阳、益精髓"之功效[1].牦牛鞭系高原动物牦牛的干燥阴茎和睾丸,它具有补肾壮阳,强身健体的营养和药用价值.青海民间用牦牛鞭治腰膝无力,肾火虚衰的历史已久.鹿鞭、黄牛鞭、蛇鞭的化学成分已有文献报道[2、3、4],但牦牛鞭的化学成分分析尚未见报道.本文对干燥牦牛鞭,新鲜牦牛鞭的蛋白质、脂肪和几种无机离子进行了分析测定,并与牦牛肉做比较分析,现报道如下.     

菟丝子总黄酮对生殖内分泌调节的研究进展

近年来,菟丝子在临床上经常用于治疗生殖内分泌类疾病,且作用效果显著。菟丝子是旋花科植物,具有毒副作用小、无耐药性、富含多种营养物质、成本低廉等优点,是纯天然的药用植物。菟丝子总黄酮是菟丝子中最有效的成分,具有止泻、滋补肝肾、益精壮阳和安胎等功效,不仅对雌雄动物生殖内分泌活动有调节作用,还对免疫、心脑血管等多个系统具有药理作用。动物的生殖内分泌活动主要由下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴调控,包括生殖激素的分泌以及精子的发生、卵泡的发育,对动物生殖繁育起着重要作用。绝大多数动物的生殖内分泌疾病都与下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴所调节的生殖激素以及生殖器官的发育状态有关,生殖激素可以通过直接或间接作用引起下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能性障碍疾病。鉴于目前经济动物禁用激素类药物,因此迫切需要研究安全有效低毒的中草药的作用及其机理,为其广泛应用奠定基础。文章介绍了菟丝子总黄酮主要的药理作用,并详细阐述了菟丝子总黄酮对下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴不同级内分泌活动的调控作用,为今后进一步研究菟丝子总黄酮对下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴调控的作用靶点和作用机理提供参考。     

宿主microRNA在重要胞内菌感染中的作用研究进展

<正>胞内寄生菌能够在机体细胞中定植并长期生存,其生长在体内受到不利条件的影响时会启动一系列的适应性调节机制来抵抗这些胁迫因素以达到生存目的,胞内菌这些适应性调节机制往往会导致宿主机体发生疾病[1]。目前对于这些病原菌适应环境的调节机制尚不十分清楚,近年来研究发现,micro RNA(miR NA)在天然免疫、病原-宿主互相作用中发挥重要作用,病原菌感染宿主细胞后会引起宿主细胞多种miR NA的差异表达[2]。目前已经证实miR-155[3]、miR-146[4]、miR-21和let-7[5]等miR NA在多种     

淫羊藿蜂胶合剂对雏鸡免疫器官的影响

淫羊藿是具有“补肾壮阳,祛风除湿”的传统中药,现代研究证明,淫羊藿对免疫功能具有促进作用,对T细胞[1]、B细胞[2]、巨噬细胞[3]均有促进和调节作用。蜂胶(propolis)作为佐剂已广泛地应用于畜禽疫苗的生产中,具有抗菌消炎杀病毒、促进组织再生和增强免疫功能的作用[4、5...     

噻环乙胺及小型猪复合麻醉剂对大鼠不同脑区乙酰胆碱含量的影响

乙酰胆碱(ACh)是中枢神经系统中重要的兴奋性神经递质,与自主神经系统的调节、肌肉运动、大脑意识与思维、学习与记忆等都有广泛联系,对激活并维持脑电和行为的觉醒有重要作用.大量的动物研究表明,抑制ACh在中枢的释放和传递是全麻药产生中枢麻醉作用的机制之一[1-4].     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.