对甘肃发展枣树的浅析及对策

对甘肃发展枣树的浅析及对策蔡国军枣原产于中国黄河中上游峡谷地带，起源于酸枣。从中国酸枣叶化石的发现证明，枣的原生种—酸枣，在１２００多万年以前就产于中国北方，据史料证实，我国枣的栽培历史有５０００年之久。甘肃省为枣的重要原产地之一。据文献记载，甘肃的...     

枣芽象甲生活习性初步观察及其防治

枣芽象甲(Scythropus yasumatsuikono et Morimoto.)又名枣飞象、小灰象鼻虫、枣月象。一、分布及为害枣芽象甲在河南、河北、山东、山西、陕西、辽宁等省均有分布。甘肃省陇东地区产枣区近几年也时有发生为害,经1986—     

“银枣1号”的特征特性及栽培技术

"银枣1号"是白银市农业技术服务中心果树技术人员从靖远小口枣自然实生后代中选育出的鲜食制干兼用枣新品种。该品种抗逆性强,丰产性好,定植第7年平均株产7.97kg,折合产量885kg/667m2,较小口枣增产15.6%;在甘肃白银市,果实10月上旬成熟。2013年1月通过了甘肃省农作物品种审定委员会审定,命名为"银枣1号"。     

特色林果产业引领临泽林业创新发展

近年来，甘肃省临泽县紧抓全国绿色食品原料（临泽小枣）标准化生产示范基地建设和全省千万亩优质林果基地建设的有利时机，积极引导群众发展特色林果，全县经济林向基地化、规模化、特色化、产业化的发展格局靠拢。     

如何提高新郑灰枣接穗利用率

河南省新郑市枣树研究所会同新疆哈密地区林技中心、新疆喀什地区泽普县林业局、甘肃省敦煌市林业局，针对培育新郑灰枣接穗利用率，在河南、新疆、甘肃等地对枣树进行密植化栽植，并在科学化管理及无毒、无公害化处理方面进行了多年合作试验，现总结如下，供林业同行及广大枣农参考。     

“嫁接”得来的财富

“嫁接”得来的财富傅廷汉酸枣──北方最为常见的一种灌木，如今成了甘肃省庆阳县农民的一大财源。庆阳县林业局从１９８７年开始开发利用酸枣资源，他们利用酸枣做砧木，就地嫁接大枣。经数年的努力，嫁接成活９５０多万株，已挂果的有３００多万株，去年产鲜枣３５０多...     

甘肃省枣树的科学栽培

<正> 枣(Zizyphus jujuba Mill)原产我国,已有3000多年的栽培历史。枣果营养丰富,是良好的滋补果品,除鲜食、制干外,还可加工成蜜枣、枣酱、枣汁等产品。此外,枣树抗逆性强,可作防风、固沙树种,防止水土流失,是西北地区良好的经济、生态两用树种。 甘肃省枣树分布广且历史悠久,当地品种主要有分布于陇东黄土高原的晋枣、马牙枣、夏枣、天水     

甘肃省枣产业科学发展战略思考

通过调研分析,甘肃省在枣产业发展中的良种良砧良法配套栽培技术研究,枣园生物覆盖及土壤环境改善和低产枣园改造技术研究,枣果采收后制干、保鲜等工艺及延长产业链条,增强市场竞争力创新技术研发,创新研发地域特色品牌,实现品牌化经营战略,体现枣树适应性强、分布广、发展宜、多用途价值优势,以及融生态建设与经济建设协调统一的发展机制体制研究等存在严重不足。针对不足提出了甘肃省枣产业科学发展战略,即"确立一个目标,坚持两翼协同,抓住三个重点,建立四个支点,构筑五大体系,加强六项建设,开展七项研究,采取八项对策"。     

忻州市的枣树资源分布及品种布局

介绍了忻州市枣树主要乡土栽培品种－油枣,大枣，黑腰枣，定襄小枣，芽枣，故城小枣，绵枣和主要引种栽培品种－交城骏枣，太谷壶瓶枣，运城犁枣的分布特性等，并根据忻州市两个枣树基地的气候特征，提出了适合于各基地发展的枣树品种。     

任道义的枣业梦实现了

今年74岁的任道义,年青时就有一个枣业梦——在干旱缺水的砂田里种红枣树,让农民脱贫致富。他出身于河南一个贫苦农民的家庭,1959年从北京林学院毕业后来到张掖,在那里一干就是25年,先后在林业局、宣传部工作。直到1984年调到甘肃省林业勘察设计研究院,担任党委副书记、书记,为甘肃的林业科研事业辛勤耕耘,播洒汗水。15年前任道义退休了,他首创建立了西部枣业     

甘肃枣树生产现状调查与丰产栽培技术措施

对甘肃省枣树生产现状进行了全面的摸底调查,对存在的突出问题进行了归纳和分析,并总结了一些操作简单、通俗易懂、经济实用、便于推广的枣树丰产栽培技术措施,为甘肃省各地在发展枣树生产时提供借鉴、参考作用。     

甘肃沿黄灌区6个枣园果实重金属和农残污染分析

为了解甘肃沿黄灌区枣果实重金属及农药残留污染状况,该研究以单因子污染指数为评价方法,对6个枣园果实样品的6种重金属元素(As、Hg、Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb)含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明:仅有一个样品中的铅含量存在轻微污染,其余的均低于国家食品安全标准中污染物限量值。所测重金属的单因子污染指数排序为Pb>Zn>As>Cu>Hg>Cd。对7种农药残留进行检测,除了极个别检出少量农药残留以外,绝大部分未检出,没受到农药残留污染。     

3个枣品种的引种试验

通过引进优良枣品种沾化冬枣、梨枣、骏枣,并以湖南省良种鸡蛋枣作对照研究,结果表明,在生长方面,3个枣品种均弱于鸡蛋枣;在结果方面,3个品种早果性和早期丰产性均优于鸡蛋枣,其中冬枣表现早果性好,梨枣、骏枣早期产量较高,沾化冬枣早期产量较低,但果实品质最优,果实病害最轻;梨枣在各个性能上均优于鸡蛋枣;骏枣单果是3个引进品种中最大的,果实品质尚可.     

湖北孝昌鲜食枣引种筛选试验初报

为丰富湖北林果市场,本研究从1999年开始引入山东沾化冬枣、山西临猗梨枣、陕西雪枣等鲜食枣果在湖北孝昌县进行引种栽培[1]。通过比较沾化冬枣等引种地与原产地气候概况、适应性、丰产性及果实品质,得出了在鄂北低丘岗地、阳光充足、排水良好的地块栽培山东沾化冬枣表现最好,山西临猗梨枣、陕西雪枣要差些[2]。     

Root distribution and interactions in jujube tree/wheat agroforestry system

Even though agronomists have considered the spatial root distribution of plants to be important for interspecific interactions in agricultural intercropping, few experimental studies have quantified patterns of root distribution and their impacts on interspecific interactions in agroforestry systems. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between root distribution and interspecific interactions between intercropped jujube tree (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) in Hetian, south Xinjiang province, northwest China. Roots were sampled by auger in 2-, 4- and 6-year-old jujube tree/wheat intercropping and in sole wheat and 2-, 4- and 6-year-old sole jujube down to 100 cm depth in the soil profile. The roots of both intercropped wheat and jujube had less root length density (RLD) at all soil depths than those of sole wheat and jujube trees. The RLD of 6-year-old jujube intercropped with wheat at different soil depths was influenced by intercropping to a smaller extent than in other jujube/wheat intercropping combinations. 6-year-old jujube exhibited a stronger negative effect on the productivity of wheat than did 2- or 4-year-old jujube and there was less effect on productivity of jujube in the 6-year-old system than in the 2- or 4-year-old jujube trees grown in monoculture. These findings may partly explain the interspecific competition effects in jujube tree/wheat agroforestry systems.     

甘肃沿黄灌区引进枣树品种果实营养成分分析

为给当地优良红枣品种的选育提供参考,以甘肃沿黄灌区15个引进枣树品种为试验材料,以当地主栽品种五佛圆枣为对照,测定各品种果实中5种成分(水分、可溶性糖、有机酸、蛋白质、粗脂肪)的含量,分析比较了其差异性,并进行了相关性分析。结果表明:所测的5种指标中,水分含量差异显著,可溶性糖、有机酸、蛋白质、粗脂肪这4个指标差异极显著。15个品种中,七月鲜综合品质最优,5种成分指标均高于五佛圆枣。对各品种的营养成分进行相关性分析,得出试验区红枣果实中可溶性糖含量与粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量呈显著负相关,有机酸含量与粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量呈显著正相关,粗脂肪含量与粗蛋白含量呈显著正相关。经综合研究认为,七月鲜、灰枣、阜新大枣和甘酥佛枣4个红枣品种营养成分含量较高,适宜当地培育。     

Interspecific interactions alter root length density,root diameter and specific root length in jujube/wheat agroforestry systems

A field study was conducted at Hetian, southern Xinjiang, northwest China, to investigate root morphology as affected by interspecific interactions between jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The treatments comprised (1) sole wheat, (2) 3-, 5- and 7-year-old sole jujube trees, and (3) intercropping of wheat/3-, 5- and 7-year-old jujube trees. Roots were sampled by auger in each plot down to 100 cm depth at 20 cm intervals in the soil profile and horizontally up to 150 cm away from the base of the trees at 30 cm intervals. All jujube/wheat intercropping systems had advantages of intercropping with a land equivalent ratio (LER) >1. There were significant differences in the contours of both root length density (RLD) and root diameter (RD) in intercropped wheat and jujube in the vertical and horizontal direction at corresponding soil depths but the RLD and RD of the 7-year-old jujube/wheat intercropping system were less influenced by intercropping in this respect than 3- and 5-year-old jujube intercropped with wheat. The roots of both intercropped wheat and jujube had smaller RLD, RD and larger specific root lengths (SRLs) at corresponding soil depths than did sole wheat and jujube. The older the jujube the larger were the SRL values of intercropped wheat and the smaller the RLD and RD of intercropped wheat. The greater the distance from the jujube the less influence there was on the RLD, SRL and RD of intercropped wheat and jujube and the greater the distance from the jujube the smaller was the SRL of intercropped wheat and the greater the RLD and RD of intercropped wheat (but still less than the monoculture wheat). The older the jujube the more developed were the jujube roots so that the smaller the SRL of jujube the bigger the RLD and RD of jujube. Jujube tree roots showed a mainly downward trend and extended laterally 150 cm from the trees resulting in the roots of the jujube trees and the wheat having niche overlap at a soil depth of 20–40 cm. The mechanisms underlying the thinner roots of wheat and jujube require further investigation.     

北京地区8个枣品种果实主要营养成分分析

对北京市丰台区8个主栽枣品种果实中可溶性糖、总酸、主要矿质元素和维生素等营养成分进行测定以及差异性分析,并对不同采收期枣果实营养成分的变化作了对比评价。结果表明,尜尜枣、长辛店白枣、冬枣的综合品质最优;随着采收期的延后,沧州金丝枣果实中可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、Vc含量均明显降低,而总酸、VB1、VB2和矿质元素Fe、Mg、Mn、K、Ca的含量呈增加趋势。     

陕北枣林土壤动物与枣林健康及其害虫生态调控的关系

在分析枣林土壤动物与枣林健康关系的基础上,研究了枣林土壤动物与枣林害虫生态调控的关系,并根据陕北枣林害虫类群,提出了相应的控制策略和生态调控技术。     

土壤管理措施对枣树生长量和产量的影响

通过对酒泉市枣树管理中适用的田间间作、翻掘树盘、中耕除草、覆草保墒等4项土壤管理技术措施的试验观测,研究分析了土壤管理技术对枣树生长量和产量的促进作用。试验表明,采取上述土壤管理技术综合措施的枣树,生长量提高了243.6%,产量提高了206%,对枣树生长量和产量的促进作用十分显著。