家禽蛋氨酸营养研究新进展

蛋氨酸是畜禽必需的含硫氨基酸,可参与机体内众多代谢途径.本文就近年来国内、外蛋氨酸在畜禽营养上的研究与应用进行综述,介绍了蛋氨酸从体外摄入到体内分解的过程,不同蛋氨酸来源及其生物学效价对比,总结了蛋氨酸在生长性能、抗氧化功能、脂质代谢等方面的新研究,以及蛋氨酸与其他物质的互作关系,为蛋氨酸在家禽养殖上的实际应用提供参考...     

不同硒源对蛋鸡血硒代谢规律研究

硒是一种人和动物体必需的生命元素,参与机体的多种生物学功能。本文通过比较富硒酵母和亚硒酸钠这两种不同硒源的代谢速度和代谢程度差异,蛋鸡血浆中蛋氨酸含量变化规律来比较富硒酵母和亚硒酸钠在体内代谢方式的异同。灌服富硒酵母和亚硒酸钠均能极显著提高蛋鸡血硒含量(P<0.01),摄入硒源1h后,有机硒组和无机硒组血硒含量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),2h后有机硒组血硒含量显著高于无机硒组(P<0.05),摄入6～24h有机硒组的血硒含量显著低于无机硒组(P<0.05)。蛋鸡血浆蛋氨酸水平相对稳定,有机硒组蛋鸡血浆蛋氨酸含量变化大,摄入无机硒组的蛋鸡血浆蛋氨酸水平与对照组基本保持稳定。     

硒在瘤胃内的代谢及其对瘤胃发酵的影响

早在1818年,硒就作为一种矿物元素被发现,但是之后的几十年里一直被视为一种有毒元素,直到1957年硒的生物学作用首次在小鼠中发现之后,其生物学功能才引起重视。动物体内的硒主要以含硒氨基酸(硒半胱氨酸和硒蛋氨酸)的形式结合在硒蛋白(酶)中,并通过硒蛋白(酶)调节动物机体的自由基代谢、抗氧化、免疫、生殖、细胞凋亡和内分泌等功能。反刍动物日粮中的硒和瘤胃微生物代谢之间存在着相互作用,对硒的生物利用效率和瘤胃发酵产生影响,本文将对此进行综述。1瘤胃内硒的代谢1.1瘤胃微生物对硒的代谢作用1.1.1含硒蛋白的合成瘤胃微生物对硒的代谢…     

硒及硒蛋白生物学作用的研究进展

硒是动物必需的微量元素，硒以硒半胱氨酸和硒蛋氨酸两种形式存在于硒蛋白中，硒通过硒蛋白影响动物机体的自由基代谢、抗氧化功能、免疫功能、生殖功能、细胞凋亡和内分泌激素等而发挥其生物学作用。     

蛋氨酸、胆碱和甜菜碱的生物学功能及在代谢中的互作

蛋氨酸、胆碱和甜菜碱的生物学功能及在代谢中的互作ＳｔｅｆａｎＭａｃｋ（ＤｅｇｕｓａＰａｃｉｆｉｃＬｔｄ．Ｇｅｒｍａｎｙ）张维军（迪高沙太平洋有限公司上海２０００２０）１引言胆碱、甜菜碱和蛋氨酸各有其不同的代谢功能。胆碱和甜菜碱归属于维生素或维生素的母...     

硒的生物学功能及其机理研究

本文综述了微量元素硒的生物学功能研究进展,包括硒的生物大分子化合物的种类、硒在免疫、抗癌方面的作用研究现状,硒与维生物E和其它微量元素的互作,以及硒生物学功能机理的研究成果。同时对生命科学领域的硒研究中尚待深入的问题进行了初步探讨。     

硒在畜牧业生产中的开发利用

硒是动物体必须的微量元素，它在动物体内的新陈代谢中起着极其重要的作用。本文论述了硒在动物体内的分布、代谢与生物学功能。分析了缺硒或硒过量对动物机体的影响和危害，指出了如何进行科学补硒。     

微量元素硒的生物学功能

硒是许多依赖硒的细菌和哺乳动物体内多种蛋白质的高度特异组分.笔者以硒酶与硒蛋白的生物学功能为重点,综述了微量元素硒的重要生物学功能,同时对硒与动物免疫、硒与其他矿物质元素的关系也进行了概述.     

硒蛋白家族及其功能的研究进展

<正>硒(Se)是对人类健康非常重要的微量元素,其功能涉及甲状腺激素代谢、预防神经退行性病变和癌症,以及免疫反应。硒的生物学效应的主要通过硒蛋白的产生,硒蛋白参与免疫细胞激活、增殖和分化,驱动天然免疫与适应性免疫。研究硒蛋白的作用机理,对掌握硒蛋白调控生物合成和代谢尤为重要。1 Se的生物活性及其功能非常低或高的硒水平都是有害或致命的。硒在机体内主要以含硒酶和硒蛋白质两种活性物质存在。硒代氨基酸主要是硒代蛋氨酸(Se-Met)和     

硒纳米球的抗氧化作用、毒性及吸收代谢的探讨

作者主要论述了硒纳米球的制备原理、抗氧化作用的尺寸效应、纳米硒与牛血清白蛋白互作效应,以及毒性和吸收代谢等方面特殊的生物学效应。许多研究结果表明,硒纳米球与无机硒和有机硒源相比,具有高效抗氧化、低毒和高吸收的特点。     

不同硒源及浓度对偏关苜蓿种子萌发及物质转化的影响

为探究不同硒源及浓度对'偏关'苜蓿(Medicago sativa'Pianguan')种子萌发及物质转化的影响,本研究以'偏关'苜蓿种子为材料,采用不同浓度亚硒酸钠(0,0.3,0.6,1.2,2.4,4.8,9.6mg·L-1)及蛋氨酸硒(0,1,5,10,20,40 mg·L-1)在人工气候培养箱中进行发芽试验....     

日粮添加不同水平蛋氨酸硒对肉牛营养物质代谢的影响

选用4头安装永久瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔阉牛(体重为420kg、年龄2.5岁),采用4×4拉丁方设计,以混合精料和风干玉米秸秆作为基础日粮,研究1.3倍维持需要水平下,日粮添加不同水平蛋氨酸硒(0、0.3、0.6、0.9mg/kg,以干物质为基础)对营养物质代谢的影响。结果表明:0.3和0.6mg/kg组日粮OM、CP、EE、NFE、NDF、ADF表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6和0.9mg/kg组DN、RN和RN/DN显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6mg/kg组与对照组相比Se、Ca、P、Cu、Fe、Mn的存留率显著提高,Zn、Mo和S的存留率无显著差异;0.6mg/kg组血清TG、GLU、ALB、TP、ALT、AST、SOD、GSH-px、GSH均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6mg/kg组血清Se、Cu含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

硒缺乏对肉仔鸡体内含硫化合物代谢的影响

以肉仔鸡为实验动物模型研究了硒缺乏对含硫化合物代谢的影响。试验结果表明:硒缺乏不但降低肉仔鸡组织器官中硒含量及GSH—PX酶活性,而且还使血浆及胰脏中游离胱氨酸水平下降,胰脏及肝脏中谷胱甘肽总量下降,而肝脏中金属硫蛋白含量却上升。蛋氨酸供给不足会降低肝脏及胰脏硒沉积量、谷胱甘肽水平和GSH—PX酶活性。要使四周龄肉仔鸡有最大的血浆及肝脏硒含量、高的GSH—PX酶活性,日粮硒供给水平应在0.35PPm左右。     

不同硒源对家兔消化性能和血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨日粮不同硒源对新西兰肉兔消化性能和血液生化指标的影响。选用35日龄的断奶仔兔60只,公母各半,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复4只。在基础日粮中分别添加相同水平(0.15 mg/kg)的硒代蛋氨酸与亚硒酸钠,预试期7 d,正试期35 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,硒能显著提高粗蛋白质和粗纤维表观消化率(P<0.05),硒代蛋氨酸组显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05);硒对血清总蛋白(TP)水平有显著提高,但不同硒源之间差异不显著(P>0.05);硒能显著降低血清尿酸(UA)水平,且硒代蛋氨酸组显著低于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05);对照组血糖(GLU)水平显著低于加硒组,但不同硒源之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综合本试验结果,生长兔饲料中添加硒对其消化性能有增效作用,且有机硒的作用明显大于无机硒。     

Vitamin E, Selenium and Methionine Supplementation of Dystrophogenic Diets for Pigs

Forty-eight weanling S.P.F. Yorshire pigs were used to study the influence of supplemental vitamin E (25 IU per kg of diet) selenium (0.5 ppm in diet) and methionine (0.1% in diet) on the incidence of hepatosis dietetica and mulberry heart disease when fed a torula yeast-corn diet. Vitamin E and/or selenium increased pig survival. Supplemental selenium resulted in increased liver selenium concentrations. No hepatosis dietetica was observed in any of the pigs. The addition of vitamin E and/or selenium at the levels used did not reduce the frequency of myocardial lesions; however, they prevented skeletal muscular dystrophy and exudative diathesis. The myocardial lesions were less severe in supplemented pigs compared with unsupplemented controls.     

Reduced selenium status in chicks given diets low in sulphur-containing amino acids and containing sodium nitroprusside as a source of cyanide

1. Two experiments were carried out to study the effect of dietary cyanide, given in the form of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), on the growth and selenium status of chicks fed on diets low in sulphur-containing amino acids. 2. In experiment 1, SNP (0.3 g/kg) depressed growth rate and food intake when included in diets low in total sulphur-containing amino acids. It also reduced plasma and liver glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and kidney selenium concentration. These latter variables also showed increases in response to supplements of selenium of 0.1 and 0.2 mg selenium/kg (as sodium selenite) although growth was not affected. 3. In experiment 2, SNP did not affect growth when reduced to 0.1 g/kg in diets low both in methionine and total sulphur-containing amino acids. It did, however, reduce plasma GSH-Px activity, which again increased in response to similar dietary supplements of selenium. 4. It is concluded that dietary cyanide effectively increases the requirement for selenium and could induce deficiency in diets only marginally adequate in selenium, particularly when the supply of sulphur-containing amino acids was marginal or inadequate.     

硒与茶多酚的协同生物学效应及其在动物生产中的应用

硒是动物体的必需微量元素,茶多酚是茶叶中具有生物活性的主要物质之一,二者具有多种相似的生物学功能,如抗氧化、提高免疫力、抗肿瘤等,可通过调节多条信号通路进而发挥其功能,在促进动物生产性能、增强抗氧化功能等方面具有协同作用.本文就硒与茶多酚的生物学功能、对细胞内的信号调节机制及在动物生产中的应用进行综述,为进一步研究硒与...     

Effects of selenium and copper supplementation on the growth of beef steers

During the grazing seasons of 1978 and 1979, 126 Hereford cross Friesian and 25 Charolais cross Friesian steers were used in controlled trials of the effects of injecting them with copper and, or, selenium. In both seasons the unsupplemented steers had low blood concentrations of copper, selenium and glutathione peroxidase, whereas the supplemented steers maintained their serum copper concentrations within the normal range and had significantly higher whole blood concentrations of selenium and glutathione peroxidase than the unsupplemented animals. Supplementing the steers with 400 mg copper during 1978 increased their growth rate by 0.032 kg/day and supplementing them with 200 mg copper during 1979 increased it by 0.080 kg/day. Supplementing the steers in each year with two doses of selenium, each of 0.15 mg selenium/kg bodyweight, increased their growth rate by 0.041 kg/day in 1978 and by 0.060 kg/day in 1979. There was no interaction between the selenium and copper treatments and the total increases in liveweight gains due to both supplements were around 11 kg in 1978 and 16 kg in 1979.     

营养水平和酵母硒对烟台黑猪屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究不同营养水平及酵母硒对胴体性状和肉质指标的影响。选取体况良好、体重为(70.30±1.30)kg的烟台黑猪48头,公、母各半,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复3头。Ⅰ组饲喂低营养水平日粮(消化能11.19 MJ/kg、粗蛋白质12.28%),Ⅱ组饲喂低营养水平+0.5 mg/kg酵母硒日粮,Ⅲ组饲喂高营养水平日粮(消化能13.11 MJ/kg、粗蛋白质14.73%),Ⅳ组饲喂高营养水平+0.5 mg/kg酵母硒日粮。试验预试期为7 d,正试期为105 d。结果表明:与低营养水平组相比,高营养水平能够极显著提高烟台黑猪的胴体重(P0.01),显著提高眼肌面积和瘦肉率(P0.05);营养水平和酵母硒对烟台黑猪的肉质性状影响均不显著(P0.05),其中高营养水平有提高其肌内脂肪及肌肉风味氨基酸含量的趋势(P0.05);与未添加酵母硒组相比,添加酵母硒能够显著提高肌肉中油酸含量(P0.05),有提高其肌肉中亚油酸含量的趋势(P0.05),能够极显著提高其肌肉中硒元素含量(P0.01);营养水平和酵母硒对屠宰性能、胴体性能、肉品质等无互作效应(P0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,高营养水平能够提高烟台黑猪肌内脂肪及风味氨基酸的含量;酵母硒有利于提高烟台黑猪肌肉中油酸含量,有提高亚油酸含量的趋势。     

Expression of the PEPT1, CAT,SOD2 and GPX1 genes in the zebrafish intestine supplemented with methionine dipeptide under predation risk

This study evaluated the effect of methionine supplementation, predation risk and their interaction on gut histology, whole-body cortisol levels, and intestinal gene expression in zebrafish. A total of 360 one-year-old animals were maintained under two environmental conditions and fed diets containing different methionine sources. Fish were fed either a control diet (CTL, without methionine supplementation), a diet supplemented with dl -methionine (DLM), or a diet supplemented with methionine dipeptide (MM) in the absence (AP) of a predator or in the presence of the predator (PP) for 48 h or 20 days. Predator-induced stress for 20 days resulted in lower body weight. Zebrafish fed methionine-supplemented diets had higher weight gain than control fish. We found no effect of predation stress or methionine supplementation on cortisol level. Predation risk and methionine supplementation showed no interaction effect on dipeptide transporter gene expression. After 48 h of predation pressure, zebrafish had higher mRNA expression of SOD2, CAT and GPX1 in the gut. After 20 days of exposure to the predator, zebrafish fed methionine-supplemented diets had lower expression of GPX1, SOD2 and CAT than those diet CTL. Methionine dipeptide and free methionine supplementation improved growth, intestinal health and survivability of zebrafish both conditions.