α-硫辛酸对育肥猪胴体性状与肉品质的影响

为研究日粮中添加α-硫辛酸对肥育猪胴体性状与肉品质的影响,选择体重60kg左右的杜长大三元杂交育肥猪96头,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加300、600和900mg/kgα-硫辛酸,试验期28d。结果表明,硫辛酸对育肥猪屠宰率无显著影响,但与对照组相比,600mg/kg和900mg/kgα-硫辛酸添加组背膘厚显著降低(P<0.05)。600mg/kgα-硫辛酸添加组与对照组相比,pH45min和pH24h显著提高(P<0.05),24h肉色L*值、b*值极显著降低(P<0.01),a*值显著增加(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,日粮中添加硫辛酸能改善育肥猪的胴体性状和肉品质。     

德氏乳杆菌对育肥猪胴体性状及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究无抗生素饲粮中添加德氏乳杆菌对育肥猪胴体性状、肉品质及背最长肌营养成分的影响。试验选用健康、平均体重为(65.34±3.64)kg的"杜×(长×大)"育肥猪120头,随机分为2个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10头猪(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂无抗生素基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在无抗生素基础饲粮中添加0.1%德氏乳杆菌的饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明:2组育肥猪的胴体性状差异不显著(P0.05);与对照组相比,试验组育肥猪的脾重率和胰重率显著升高(P0.05);宰后45 min时2组育肥猪的肉品质差异不显著(P0.05),宰后24 h时,与对照组相比,试验组育肥猪肉的黄度显著升高(P0.05),剪切力显著降低(P0.05);与对照组相比,试验组育肥猪背最长肌中甘氨酸、丙氨酸和风味氨基酸含量显著升高(P0.05),葵酸和棕榈酸含量显著降低(P0.05),棕榈油酸、亚油酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著升高(P0.05)。结果提示,无抗生素饲粮中添加0.1%德氏乳杆菌对育肥猪的胴体性状、肉品质及肉中营养成分具有一定改善作用。     

吡啶甲酸铬对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

选取日龄和体重相似的60头杜长大三元猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组30头,组内设3个重复,每重复10头试验猪.对照组仅饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加300μg/kg(以铬计)的吡啶甲酸铬,预试期7 d,试验期60 d.试验结果表明:在育肥猪日粮中添加300μg/kg(以铬计)的吡啶甲酸铬,可使育肥猪日增重提高5.04%(P<0.05),料肉比降低4.01%(P>0.05);同时可以使屠宰率和贮存2 d的肌总色素两指标分别提高0.91%和0.24%;吡啶甲酸铬可显著提高胴体瘦肉率4.92%(P<0.05)和眼肌面积5.32cm<'2>(P<0.05),同时显著降低背膘厚0.35cm(P<0.05).吡啶甲酸铬能显著提高育肥猪的日增重并明显降低料肉比,改善育肥猪的胴体品质,因此在育肥猪日粮中添加吡啶甲酸铬具有重要的现实意义.     

胍基乙酸对育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮添加胍基乙酸对育肥猪的生长性能、胴体品质及肉品质的影响。试验选用72头初始体重(75.10±0.75)kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)育肥猪,按体重一致、公母各半的原则,随机分为2个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复6头猪,试验期45 d。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加500 mg/kg胍基乙酸。结果表明:日粮添加胍基乙酸显著提高了育肥猪平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低其耗料增重比(P0.05),对平均日采食量无显著影响(P0.05);日粮添加胍基乙酸提高了育肥猪胴体重、屠宰率和标准无脂瘦肉率(P0.05),显著降低其第10肋背膘厚度(P0.05),但对其眼肌面积无显著影响(P0.05);日粮添加胍基乙酸提高了育肥猪背最长肌肉红度(a*)、pH_(45 min)和pH_(24 h),显著降低了其滴水损失(P0.05)。综上所述,日粮添加500μg/kg胍基乙酸改善了育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉品质。     

牛至提取物对生长育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究牛至提取物对生长育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响。将126头体重为(41.64±1.63)kg的杜×长×大生长育肥猪随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加300、500 mg/kg牛至提取物。每组设3个重复,每个重复14头。预试期5 d,正试期92 d。试验结束时,测定生长育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质。结果表明:与对照组相比,300、500 mg/kg牛至提取物组平均日增重、平均日采食量显著提高,耗料增重比显著降低,肌肉中肌苷酸含量显著提高;500 mg/kg牛至提取物组肉色、屠宰后pH45min显著高于对照组和300 mg/kg牛至提取物组,滴水损失则显著降低;各组屠宰率、瘦肉率、平均背膘厚、眼肌面积以及肌肉的水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量差异不显著。以上结果表明,日粮添加500 mg/kg牛至提取物可提高生长育肥猪生长性能,改善肉品质和风味。     

日粮添加牛至提取物对生长育肥猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及胴体性状的影响

试验研究日粮中添加牛至提取物对生长育肥猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、胴体性状的影响.试验选取200头体重接近、健康状态良好的育肥猪,随机分成4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪.对照组育肥猪饲喂基础日粮,试验组的育肥猪饲喂额外添加200、400、600 mg/kg牛至提取物的基础日粮.试验期90 d.结果显示,40...     

β-葡聚糖对生长育肥猪生长性能、胴体性能和肉品质的影响

本试验通过研究β-葡聚糖对生长育肥猪生长性能、胴体性能和肉品质的影响,旨在探明β-葡聚糖在生长育肥猪饲粮中的应用效果及适宜添加量。试验采用单因子试验设计,选取96头20 kg左右的健康"杜×长×大"猪,按体重和性别比例随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加50、100和200 mg/kgβ-葡聚糖。试验期为103 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加100 mg/kgβ-葡聚糖显著提高生长育肥猪平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低料重比(P0.05),显著改善饲粮干物质、能量和粗蛋白质消化率(P0.05);2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加100 mg/kgβ-葡聚糖显著提高猪只胴体长和肌肉p H(P0.05),显著降低肌肉滴水损失(P0.05),显著改善肉色(P0.05),同时显著提高肌肉中肌苷酸含量(P0.05),改变猪肉中饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸的组成比例,从而改善肉的风味。综上,饲粮中添加100 mg/kgβ-葡聚糖可改善生长育肥猪的生长性能,提高养分消化率,提高胴体长,改善猪肉品质。     

日粮添加大蒜秸对育肥猪生产性能、肉品质和经济效益的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加大蒜秸对育肥猪生产性能、肉品质和经济效益的影响。试验将80头健康和生长状况良好的90日龄育肥猪随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头猪。试验组分别使用0%、3%、6%和12%的大蒜秸替代基础日粮中的花生秧。试验共计100d,预饲期7d,正试期93d。试验结果表明,6%大蒜秸组育肥猪平均日增重和终末体重最高,料重比最低(P <0.05);日粮添加大蒜秸对育肥猪平均日采食量无显著影响(P> 0.05)。6%大蒜秸组育肥猪宰前活重、胴体重和胴体长显著高于其他各组(P <0.05);日粮中大蒜秸对育肥猪肩部、6～7肋、10肋、腰荐和最后肋背膘厚度及眼肌面积无显著影响(P> 0.05)。6%大蒜秸组育肥猪背腰最长肌pH_24h和L*显著高于其他各处理组(P <0.05);日粮中添加大蒜秸对育肥猪背腰最长肌pH_45min、a*、b*、滴水损失、烹饪损失、剪切力、大理石花纹和肉色评分均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。总之,本试验结果表明,使用6%的大蒜秸替代育肥猪日粮中的花生秧对育肥猪生产性能有一定的积...     

添加70％发酵红薯对高坡黑猪生长及肉质指标的影响

为研究添加高比例发酵红薯替代部分精料对高坡黑猪育肥猪生长、胴体和肉质性能的影响,选择6月龄、体重(62. 4±3.5)kg高坡黑猪24头,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组2个重复,每个重复6头。试验组饲喂70%发酵红薯+30%全价日粮,对照组饲喂全价日粮,进行120 d饲喂试验,然后屠宰进行生长性能、胴体肉质指标测定。结果:在基础日粮中添加70%发酵红薯可显著降低猪生长性能,试验组料重比显著高于对照组81.53%(P0.05);对猪胴体性状也有显著影响,试验组平均背膘厚显著高于对照组13.41%(P0.05),眼肌面积显著低于对照组8.25%(P0.05);能在一定程度上提高猪肉色红度值,降低滴水损失,改善猪肉品质,但差异不显著(P0.05)。结论:在基础日粮中添加70%发酵红薯可显著降低高坡黑猪的生长性能,降低养殖效益,但对肉质指标无不良影响。     

发酵豆粕对肥育黑猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质和肌内氨基酸含量的影响

为研究发酵豆粕对肥育黑猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质及肌内氨基酸含量的影响,试验选择50头(78.9±2.0) kg肥育黑猪(杜洛克♂×苏紫黑猪♀),随机分为对照组和发酵豆粕组,每组5个重复,每个重复5头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,发酵豆粕组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加8%发酵豆粕的饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)试验组肥育黑猪生长性能无显著变化(P0.05);2)试验组肥育黑猪眼肌面积显著增加(P0.05);3)试验组肥育黑猪背最长肌的肌肉红度a*极显著增加(P0.01),肉色评分显著升高(P0.05),背最长肌肌肉滴水损失显著降低(P0.05),同时肌肉剪切力极显著降低(P0.01);4)试验组肥育黑猪背最长肌缬氨酸、谷氨酸和组氨酸含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加发酵豆粕可以改善肥育黑猪胴体性状和猪肉品质,提高猪肉营养价值。     

饲粮锌添加水平对生长獭兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肌肉品质、毛皮质量及氮代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮锌添加水平对生长獭兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肌肉品质、毛皮质量及氮代谢的影响。选用初始体重相近、健康状况良好的3月龄獭兔160只,随机分为4个组,每组40个重复,每个重复1只。各组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、40、80、120 mg/kg锌(以硫酸锌的形式)的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期49 d。结果表明:1)饲粮锌添加水平对生长獭兔的末期体重(FBW)、平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)均无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)饲粮锌添加水平对生长獭兔的全净膛率、背腰肌率以及肌肉品质指标中的pH、肉色的亮度和红度值均无显著影响(P>0.05),对前腿肌率和肌肉黄度值有显著影响(P<0.05),对后腿肌率和失水率有极显著影响(P<0.01)。3)饲粮锌添加水平对生长獭兔的毛皮重量无显著影响(P>0.05),对皮张面积有极显著影响(P<0.01),对皮板厚度和被毛长度均有显著影响(P<0.05)。4)饲粮锌添加水平对生长獭兔的尿氮(UN)、沉积氮(RN)、氮利用率(NUR)和氮生物学效价(NBV)均有显著影响(P<0.05)。综合本试验测定指标,3～5月龄生长獭兔饲粮适宜的锌添加水平为40 mg/kg(饲粮中锌的实测值为49.4 mg/kg)。     

我国乳业发展历史、现状、问题及对策

本文从我国乳业的发展历史和现状出发,详细列举了我国乳业出现的影响较大的质量安全事件,并从原料乳环节、乳品生产加工环节、乳品流通及销售环节以及乳业产业链全过程分析了我国乳业事件暴露出的乳品质量安全问题,提出了通过联合监管、利益共享、责任分担机制,共同建立安全、健康、和谐的中国特色乳业的建议。     

Effects of egg weight on the egg quality,chick quality,and broiler performance at the later stages of production (week 60) in broiler breeders

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of broiler breeder egg weight on egg quality, chick quality, and broiler performance using Hubbard Classic broiler breeder flock. Hatching eggs from a commercial broiler breeder flock (Hubbard classic strain) were obtained at the age of 60 wk and divided into 3 egg-weight categories, namely small, medium, and large. For this purpose, 930 eggs having weights 63.09 ± 0.21, 68.85 ± 0.23, and 74.81 ± 0.11g were divided into 3 egg categories labeled small, medium, and large respectively. We further divided these eggs into 2 categories, eggs for quality parameters and eggs for incubation and posthatch performance parameters. Eggs from the small egg category had greater proportion of the shell weight and more shell strength. Egg weight did not significantly affect the albumen and yolk weight percentage. Egg weight affected the shape index and specific gravity for which lower values were observed for large eggs. Egg weight positively affected the chick weight, chick yield, and chick length (P < 0.05) of both male and female chicks. Results of the body weight gain showed that effect of egg weight on the posthatch performance of chick diminishes with the age of broilers. Egg weight significantly affected the body weight gain of male and female chicks up to 3 wk of age. Egg weights did not significantly affect the feed intake and mortality of broiler. Different egg-weight categories significantly affected the feed conversion ratio of female chicks at wk 2 and 3 of age and did not affect the feed conversion of male and female chicks at the end of wk 5. In conclusion, egg weight positively affected the chick characteristics (e.g., chick weight, chick length) and did not affect the final live body weight, feed conversion ratio, feed intake, and mortality in broilers.     

Comparison studies of the chemical,physical, technological,and microbiological characteristics of the European roe deer,boar, red deer,and beaver hunted wild game meat

The aim of this research was to perform comparison studies of the chemical, physical, technological, and microbiological characteristics, including biogenic amines (BAs) and volatile compounds (VC), of the European roe deer (RDM), boar (BoM), red deer (ReDM), and beaver (BM) hunted wild game meat (HWGM). The outcome of this study showed a significant effect (p < .05) of animal species on protein content, pH, drip loss, shear force, cooking loss, color coordinates, total count of enterobacteria, and most of the VC. ReDM had the highest protein content (23.15%), cooking loss, L* and b* values. The lowest protein and cholesterol content and L* value and the highest pH, shear force, drip loss, and fat content were established in BM having the highest content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) (64.12% from total FA). The total UFA content in ReDM and BM was almost twofold higher, compared with saturated FA. Small amounts of main BAs (<7.8 mg/kg) were found in ReDM and BM, while a higher content of putrescine in RDM and BoM was established. The main VCs in HWGM were acetoin, pelargonic, and acetic acid. These findings provide a valuable data about the HWGM quality characteristics and might aid food manufacturers to improve and enhance the processing of the HWGM.     

Effect of excess dietary threonine on laying performance,egg quality,serum free amino acids,and digestive enzymes activities of laying hens during the postpeak period

A total of 640 layer hens, 56 wk of age, were allocated to 4 dietary treatments groups, each of which included 5 replicates of 32 hens. Graded levels ofl-Thr were added to the basal diet at 0.0 (control), 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 g/kg; determined Thr values were 5.7, 6.5, 7.4, and 8.7 g/kg of diet, respectively. In the 53-d feeding trial, egg production increased significantly due to dietaryl-Thr supplementation. Hens fed 2.0 g of Thr/kg of diet had significantly higher egg production than the control diet. Supplementing the diet withl-Thr did not affect egg weight or feed intake, but egg mass increased significantly. Also, FCR was improved significantly and the best FCR was exhibited by hens receiving 2.0 g of Thr/kg of diet. Feeding laying hens a diet containing 2.0 g ofl-Thr/kg of diet improved Haugh units linearly; however, egg shell thickness decreased linearly as the level of dietary Thr increased, and the lowest value was observed for hens fed 3.0 g of Thr/kg of diet. Serum free Thr increased linearly as supplemental Thr increased, but serum free Ile, Phe, and Tyr decreased. No differences attributable tol-Thr were found among groups in the activity of digestive enzymes (trypsin and amylase) in the mucosal homogenates of the jejunum. The activity of α-alkaline phosphatase in the jejunum was analyzed as a marker of mucosal enterocyte maturation and no differences due tol-Thr supplementation were noted. In conclusion, feeding laying hens from 56 to 64 wk of agel-Thr up to 2.0 g/kg can improve laying performance and Haugh units.     

The Effect of Bovine Growth Hormone on Growth,Carcass Composition and Meat Quality of Dairy Heifers

Abstract

Our objective was to examine the effects of bovine growth hormone (bGH) on growth, carcass composition and meat quality of dairy heifers. Nine monozygotic twin pairs of Friesian or Red Danish cattle were used, and pair-fed à diet consisting of grass silage, barley and soybean meal. Within each pair, one animal was given daily subcutaneous injections of 20 IU of pituitary-derived bGH (15–20 mg), while the other animal was injected with saline (excipient). Treatments started at 179±2 kg body weight and lasted for 15.6 weeks. At slaughter, carcass composition and meat quality were analyzed. bGH treatment increased gain by 8% (948 vs. 877 g/d; P <0.03). The amount of saleable meat in carcass and lean content of four main carcass cuts were on average increased by 2% (P <0.05). Concomitantly, carcass fat trim was reduced by 12% (P <0.001), fat trim of individual cuts by 4–21% (P <0.05), and kidney fat by 13% (P <0.01). Except for a 20% reduction of intramuscular fat content (P <0.001), meat quality assessed by objective as well as subjective methods was unaffected by bGH treatment. In summary, bGH treatment of dairy heifers around puberty stimulated growth and reduced carcass fattening including intramuscular fat, while eating quality of the meat was unaffected.     

Effects of a high-protein, low-energy diet in finishing lambs: 2. Weight change, organ mass, body composition, carcass traits, fatty acid composition of lean and adipose tissue, and taste panel evaluation

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of a high protein – low energy diet on body composition of feedlot lambs The objective was to assess the capability of such a diet to reduce body fat while preserving lean body mass. Three dietary regimens were compared: a typical feedlot diet (CON), barley straw at libitum (STR), and barley straw supplemented with fish meal (SFM). The latter two diets caused an energy deficit in the experimental animals. Significant treatment effects on mass of metabolic organs, body composition, and carcass data were observed. Conventional analysis of sensory data and fatty acid profiles of adipose and muscle tissue identified few significant dietary effects, yet discriminant analysis clearly separated all treatment groups. It was concluded that protein supplementation of ruminants in the catabolic state does not conserve protein mass. Given the high cost of protein supplementation, the post hoc modification of body composition of feedlot lambs is not a viable option. It is suggested that the production of feedlot lambs with a desirable degree of fatness should employ a feeding strategy dynamically adapted to the changes in protein – energy balance required by the growing ruminant.     

锌、铁、钼配施对紫花苜蓿产草量和品质的影响

采用大田试验,研究锌、铁、钼配合施用对紫花苜蓿产草量和品质的影响。结果表明:施用微量元素肥料能显著提高第1茬苜蓿产草量,当施用锌5 kg/hm2、铁7.5 kg/hm2、钼0.45 kg/hm2时,苜蓿能增产18.1%;配合施用微肥对第2、3、4茬以及苜蓿年总产草量没有明显的增产效果。3种元素中,锌的增产效果较好,而铁和钼的效果不明显。合理施用微肥能明显提高苜蓿的饲用价值,当施用锌10 kg/hm2、铁15 kg/hm2、钼0.225 kg/hm2时,能显著提高粗蛋白、粗脂肪的含量,降低粗纤维含量,提高钙含量;3种元素对苜蓿品质均有明显影响,其中锌的影响最大,而铁钼的影响较小。     

饲粮魔芋甘露寡糖添加水平对生长獭兔生长性能、毛皮质量、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮魔芋甘露寡糖(KON-MOS)添加水平对生长獭兔生长性能、毛皮质量、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取平均体重为(0.84±0.07)kg的断奶獭兔120只,随机分为5组(每组24个重复,每个重复1只)。其中,Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ~Ⅴ组为试验组,分别饲喂KON-MOS添加水平为50、100、150、200 mg/kg的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期60d。结果表明:1)饲粮KON-MOS添加水平对生长獭兔的平均日增重、料重比有显著影响(P0.05)。以Ⅲ组平均日增重最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05);以Ⅲ组料重比最低,显著低于对照组(P0.05)。饲粮KON-MOS添加水平对生长獭兔的腹泻率和死亡率无显著影响(P0.05),但试验组两者均低于对照组。2)饲粮KON-MOS添加水平对生长獭兔的被毛密度、被毛长度和毛皮重量无显著影响(P0.05),对皮张面积有显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅲ组皮张面积显著大于对照组(P0.05),各试验组间差异不显著(P0.05)。3)饲粮KON-MOS添加水平对生长獭兔的全净膛率及半净膛率无显著影响(P0.05),但各试验组两者均高于对照组。4)饲粮KON-MOS添加水平对生长獭兔屠宰后45 min时和24 h时的p H、剪切力、蒸煮损失以及亮度(L*)、红度(a*)、黄度(b*)值均无显著影响(P0.05)。综合考虑本试验所测指标,生长獭兔饲粮中适宜的KON-MOS添加水平为100 mg/kg。