杂交罗非鱼饲料中发酵豆粕替代鱼粉的研究

利用微生物发酵生产出发酵豆粕,使豆粕中的一些成分改变,降低豆粕中有害因子的含量,原来豆粕中的一些不能被消化吸收的多糖变得可以被吸收利用。本文主要通过生长试验考察发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对杂交罗非鱼生长、饲料利用和体组成成分的影响,确定发酵豆粕在杂交罗非鱼饲料中的适宜用量。     

凡纳滨对虾饲料中发酵豆粕替代鱼粉的研究

用0、6.50%、13.00%、19.50%和26.00%发酵豆粕相应替代0(对照组)、16.67%、33.33%、50.00%和66.67%的鱼粉蛋白的实用饲料,喂养体重为(1.82±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾56d,结果表明,发酵豆粕替代小于33.33%的鱼粉蛋白对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和饲料利用率无显著影响,过高的替代水平会降低对虾的生长性能和饲料利用率;饲料中发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对虾体水分、蛋白和灰分含量影响不显著,对脂肪含量有显著影响,但当发酵豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白50.00%以上,随着发酵豆粕替代量的增加而脂肪含量则显著降低。     

发酵豆粕替代鱼粉在加州鲈饲料中的研究

配制4种等氮等能的饲料,分别含有0％（对照）、20％、10％、5％发酵豆粕（FSM）来替代鱼粉,这四种饲料分别命名为D1、D2、D3、D4。另外一种饲料是利用“70％基础饲料＋30％发酵豆粕”来评价加州鲈（Micropterus salmoides）对发酵豆粕的表观消化率。加州鲈初始体重20．62±0．92g,随机放入半循环系统的15个缸中（270L）,分别投喂不同饲料养殖8周。评价指标有SGR、FCR及相关生理指标。 加州鲈对于发酵豆粕的蛋白表观消化率为103．22±4．0,脂肪表观消化率为97．80±1．27,干物质表观消化率为93．47±11．24。从结果中可以看出,虽然投喂D3、D4饲料的加州鲈的SGR高于投喂D2,但是差异不显著（P〉0．05）。另外FOR及CF（肥满度）在各组间差异也不显著（P〉0．05）。在脏体比和肝体比方面,D1显著高于其他各组（P〈0．05）,而其中D4组最低。在干物质的表观消化率方面D3、D4也显著高于D1（P〈0．05）。但在蛋白质及脂肪的表观消化率方面虽然D3、D4始终高于D1,但各组间差异不显著。以上结果表明,饲料中含有5％、10％发酵豆粕,加州鲈有较好的生长,生理及表观消化率的表现。在测定原料消化率时发现发酵豆粕蛋白表观消化率为103．22±4．0,这可能是因为发酵豆粕能够促进饲料中其他物质的消化吸收,从而提高整体的消化吸收率。同时结果还表明投喂含有发酵豆粕的饲料能够显著降低加州鲈的脏体比和肝体比,这表明发酵豆粕可能在一定程度上可以降低脂肪在体内的沉积,从而降低脂肪肝的发生率。根据以上分析,加州鲈饲料中至少可以添加10％发酵豆粕。     

乳猪料中生物豆粕替代鱼粉的效果研究

选择24日龄长大、大长断奶仔猪72头(平均体重7.23±0.57kg),按性别、窝别、体重同质原则随机分成6组,分别饲以A(0％生物豆粕+5％鱼粉)、B(1.28％生物豆粕+4％鱼粉)、C(2.56％生物豆粕+3％鱼粉)、D(3.84％生物豆粕+2％鱼粉)、E(5.12％生物豆粕+1％鱼粉)、F(6.40％生物豆粕+0...     

发酵豆粕部分替代鱼粉乳清粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

本试验选择28日龄断奶仔猪200头．随机分为5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复10头猪。研究发酵豆粕替代鱼粉、乳清粉．及发酵豆粕与鱼粉、乳清粉的不同配比对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。结果发现：发酵豆粕部分替代鱼粉可以提高仔猪日采食量和平均日增重,降低仔猪腹泻率．差异不显著（P〉0．05）;发酵豆粕部分替代乳清粉也可以提高仔猪日采食量和平均日增重,降低仔猪腹泻率,差异不显著（P〉0．05）。发酵豆粕在断奶仔猪饲料中部分替代鱼粉和乳清粉时,对仔猪生产性能有更好地改善效果。     

发酵蛋白原料替代鱼粉的应用研究进展

鱼粉是一种优质的蛋白源,其主要营养特点是蛋白质含量高,一般脱脂全鱼粉的蛋白质含量超过60％,氨基酸组成齐全且平衡,尤其是主要氨基酸与猪和鸡体组织氨基酸组成基本一致(王成章和王恬,2003).当前畜牧业在各种饲料中(猪、鸡和鱼)添加5％ ～30％的鱼粉,提高动物的生产性能是普遍做法.但是随着海洋资源的匮乏及鱼粉自身应用高风险的缺陷(氧化酸败及掺假现象严重),鱼粉的价格逐年攀升,从过去的5 000元/t一直攀升到近几年的9000 ～12000元/t的高价,近期一般也都保持在8 000元/t的高位运行.随着畜禽饲养业的发展,饲料来源与需求的矛盾日趋突出,特别是蛋白质饲料更为紧缺.鱼粉作为常用的动物蛋白饲料,由于国内外资源有限,价格又高,很难满足国内饲养业的需求.     

饲料中添加发酵豆粕对仔猪生长性能的影响

试验选择母猪胎次、初生体重相近的杜长大三元杂交哺乳仔猪24窝,随机分为对照组,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组,每组八窝。对照组饲喂常规乳猪料,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别饲喂添加10%、20%发酵豆粕的乳猪料,研究发酵豆粕对仔猪生长性能的影响。结果表明试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而料肉比、腹泻率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组Ⅱ平均日增重、平均日采食量高于试验组Ⅰ,料肉比、腹泻率低于试验组Ⅰ,但二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

发酵豆粕替代鱼粉在水产养殖业的应用北大核心

替代鱼粉的蛋白资源开发成为近年来水产养殖业营养研究的热点。其中,发酵豆粕以其较高的蛋白质含量、平衡的氨基酸组成并含有较低的抗营养因子等特点受到关注。综述发酵豆粕及其营养特点、发酵豆粕替代鱼粉在水产养殖业的应用及其使用存在的问题,为后续研究及生产实践提供参考。     

发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生产和健康的影响

豆粕的蛋白质含量在42％～45％,而且必需氨基酸含量、氨基酸构成比例以及消化率都优于其他植物性饼粕类原料,同时作为植物油提炼工业的副产品其产量大、价格适中,所以成为生猪饲料中最重要的蛋白质原料。但由于其富含多种抗营养因子,     

豆粕发酵工艺优化及发酵豆粕替代部分鱼粉对大黄鱼的饲喂效果

本试验旨在优化复合益生菌发酵豆粕的工艺参数,并研究发酵豆粕(FSBM)部分替代大黄鱼饲料中的鱼粉对其生长性能、消化性能、非特异性免疫功能和抗氧化性能的影响.首先采用正交试验优化豆粕发酵工艺,然后用发酵豆粕替代饲料中部分鱼粉进行大黄鱼养殖试验.以270尾初始体重为(22.81±9.16)g的大黄鱼为试验对象,随机分为3组...     

Comparative efficacy of up to 50% partial fish meal replacement with fermented soybean meal or enzymatically prepared soybean meal on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora in weaned pigs

This study was conducted to determine the comparative efficacy of partial fish meal (FM) replacement (up to 50%) with fermented soybean meal (FSBM; SoELAB, PepSoyGen and Soytide) or enzymatically prepared SBM (HP 300) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora in weaned pigs. A total of 100 weaned pigs (body weight 6.59 ± 0.29 kg) were used in experimental feeding trials, lasting for up to 6 weeks, and were randomly allotted to five groups with four block replicates of five pigs per pen serving as one block. Dietary treatments were as follows: (i) 100% FM, (ii) 50% FM + 50% SoELAB‐54, (iii) 50% FM + 50% PepSoyGen, (iv) 50% FM + 50% Soytide and (v) 50% FM + 50% HP 300. Concerning growth performance, none of the treated SBM preparations demonstrated any significantly different effect compared with FM treatment. With respect to nutrient digestibility, SoELAB and HP 300 treatments demonstrated no significant difference compared with FM treatment. Lastly, none of the SBM preparations demonstrated any significant differences in animal fecal score and all of the differentially treated SBM increased fecal Lactobacillus counts, while maintaining similar Escherichia coli counts compared with FM treatment.     

Dietary replacement of fish meal by defatted and fermented soybean meals with taurine supplementation for pompano fish: effects on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,and biological parameters in a long-term feeding period

A 16-wk growth trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary replacement of fish meal by defatted soybean meal (SBM) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM) with taurine supplementation on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) and biological parameters of pompano fish. The FSBM was produced by fermenting SBM with Lactobacillus spp. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace 35% or 50% of fish meal by SBM or FSBM with taurine supplementation. The diets are denoted as follows: FM, SBM35, SBM35T, FSBM35T, SBM50, SBM50T, and FSBM50T. The FM (the basal diet) contained fish meal as a main source of dietary protein. Taurine was supplemented to SBM35T, FSBM35T, SBM50T, and FSBM50T at the level of 15 g/kg diet. Pompano juveniles with an initial body weight (BW) of 80 g reared in floating net cages were fed the experimental diets twice daily for 16 wk. Results showed that the final BW, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of fish fed SBM35 and SBM50 were significantly lower than those of fish fed FM (P < 0.05), indicating that the replacement of fish meal by SBM at the rate of 35% in the diet is excessive for pompano. Supplementation of taurine to the SBM-included diets significantly increased growth performance and feed utilization (P < 0.05); however, these diets did not restore the performance back to a level equivalent to that of fish offered the basal diet. Meanwhile, fish fed FSBM35T had comparable growth and feed performances to those fed FM. Hematocrit values, total biliary bile acid levels, whole body lipid contents, and tissue taurine concentrations of fish fed SBM35 and SBM50 were the lowest among the treatments, but these parameters were improved by taurine supplementation and FSBM inclusion in the diet. Taurine supplementation increased lipid ADC, and SBM fermentation slightly enhanced both lipid and protein ADCs of the fish. These findings suggest that the combination of FSBM and taurine supplementation is an effective way to improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and biological parameters, and that FSBM with taurine supplementation can replace 35% of fish meal in pompano diets without any negative effects on growth and feed performances in a long-term feeding period.     

Apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients and amino acids in soybean meal,fish meal,spray‐dried plasma protein and fermented soybean meal to weaned pigs

This study sought to determine whether fermentation could increase apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), energy (E) and amino acids (AA) in fermented soybean meal (FSBM) greater than that of soybean meal (SBM) in weaned pigs. Four weaned pigs (10.00 ± 0.30 kg) were surgically equipped with T‐cannulas and randomly followed a 4 × 4 Latin square design of treatments (SBM, FSBM, fish meal and spray‐dried plasma protein). Overall, the fermentation process was able to reduce the amount of anti‐nutritional factors (ANF), including trypsin inhibitors, raffinose and stachyose, in the FSBM diet, which were significantly reduced by 39.4, 92.2, and 92.9%, respectively, as compared to the SBM diet. As a consequence of ANF reduction in FSBM, the AID of DM, N and E as well as AA was significantly greater with FSBM than SBM. Taken all together, the fermentation process improved the nutritional quality of SBM, due to ANF reduction, leading to improvement of digestibility of AA. As such, FSBM can be potentially used as a specialized feed ingredient, especially for young animal diets in an attempt to reduce diet costs.     

影响发酵豆粕质量的因素及其鉴定指标方法

发酵豆粕是国内各大饲料厂使用的原料,亦为目前替代鱼粉的热门蛋白原料之一。但发酵豆粕一直是一种颇具争议的产品,是否有必要对豆粕再行"发酵"的争论从未停止。此文针对国内主要固态发酵厂家的生产加工工艺、影响发酵豆粕质量的因素及鉴定指标进行阐述,为广大使用发酵豆粕的客户对其质量的检测及鉴定提供方法及依据。     

Ileal digestibility of nutrients and amino acids in unfermented,fermented soybean meal and canola meal for weaning pigs

Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of energy, dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of nitrogen and amino acids were evaluated in six weanling pigs ((Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc)) fed unfermented soybean meal (SM), yeast fermented soybean meal (SMY), bacillus fermented soybean meal (SMB), yeast and bacillus fermented soybean meal (SMYB), canola meal (CM) and nitrogen‐free diet. Pigs having body weights 17.00 ± 0.3 kg were surgically equipped with T‐cannulas of approximately 15 cm prior to the ileo‐cecal junction and randomly allotted to one of five dietary treatments and a nitrogen‐free diet in 6 × 6 Latin squares. AID and SID of nitrogen (N) was greater (P < 0.05) in SMYB and SMB compared with SM and CM. AID and SID of amino acids such as, Lys (lysine) and Phe (phenylalanine) as well as total essential amino acids were greater (P < 0.05) in SMB and tended to be low in CM compared with SM. AID and SID of aspartic acid (Asp) and glycine (Gly) tended to be higher in SMB compared with SM and other diets except CM. In conclusion, fermentation of soybean meal by Bacillus showed better digestibility of amino acid and nutrients.     

不同梯度发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选择32日龄断奶三元杂交仔猪120头,按窝别、性别、体重相近的原则分为4组,每组3个重复。发酵豆粕设4个梯度,即Ⅰ组5%,Ⅱ组10%,Ⅲ组15%,Ⅳ组20%,配制4种断奶仔猪日粮分别饲喂4组试验猪,共进行14d试验。结果表明:随着发酵豆粕在断奶仔猪日粮中用量的增加,断奶仔猪的日增重提高(P<0.05),饲料转化率也得到改善;试验猪的腹泻率降低;经济效益提高。     

饲喂发酵豆粕仔猪粪样对仔猪日粮体外发酵的影响

采用体外发酵,研究了不同发酵豆粕饲喂仔猪粪样对日粮发酵的影响。以仔猪日粮作为底物,仔猪粪样作为接种物进行体外发酵。结果表明,与对照组相比,粪样B对日粮进行发酵后显著提高了干物质消失率、粗蛋白降解率和微生物蛋白量(P<0.05),有利于丁酸的产生。粪样A对日粮进行发酵后显著降低了吲哚的产生(P<0.05),显著提高了粪臭素的产生(P<0.05)。日粮B经发酵后,TVFA和乙酸的产量显著高于其他2组(P<0.05)。结果提示:发酵豆粕B有利于增加微生物的发酵活性,发酵豆粕A饲喂仔猪后利于肠道微生物产生粪臭素。     

新型发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能及胃肠道发育的影响

为了研究新型发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能和胃肠道发育的影响,根据胎次、体重相近原则,选用26日龄断奶体重为(4.75±0.38)kg的90头杜枫姜仔猪分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组(日粮+17.5%发酵豆粕)和试验Ⅱ组(日粮+35%发酵豆粕),每组3个重复,每个重复10头,试验为期20 d。结果:与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ(P<0.05)、Ⅱ组(P<0.01)仔猪日增重效果均显著;料重比分别降低4.21%(P>0.05)、19.47%(P<0.05);腹泻率均显著低于对照组;两试验组仔猪胃内容物pH值均显著降低(P<0.01);而胃黏膜厚度及胃壁厚度显著增加(P<0.01)。试验Ⅱ组的肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值显著高于对照组(P<0.05),隐窝深度和肠壁厚度显著降低;试验Ⅰ组肠道发育也有所改善。表明新型发酵豆粕可提高断奶仔猪生长性能,降低腹泻率,促进仔猪胃肠道发育,且完全替代普通豆粕时效果最佳。     

Nutritional value of a new source of fermented soybean meal fed to growing pigs

Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME), and the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in a new source of fermented soybean meal (Fermex 200) are greater than in conventional soybean meal (SBM-CV). In experiment 1, 9 barrows (initial body weight: 9.17 ± 1.03 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and allotted to a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. A nitrogen-free diet and 2 diets that contained cornstarch and SBM-CV or Fermex 200 as the sole source of crude protein (CP), and AA were formulated. Results indicated that there were no difference between SBM-CV and Fermex 200 for SID of CP and AA. In experiment 2, 24 growing pigs (initial body weight: 14.19 ± 1.18 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates. Pigs were allotted to a corn-based diet or 2 diets that contained corn and SBM-CV or corn and Fermex 200. Feces and urine samples were collected using the marker-to-marker approach with 5-d adaptation and 4-d collection periods. Results indicated that the concentration of DE and ME in Fermex 200 were not different from DE and ME in SBM-CV. In experiment 3, 40 barrows (initial body weight: 11.01 ± 1.38 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 diets with 10 replicate pigs per diet. Four diets were formulated to contain Fermex 200 or SBM-CV and either 0 or 1,000 units/kg of microbial phytase. Pigs were housed individually in metabolism crates. Fecal samples were collected as explained for experiment 2. Results indicated that the STTD of P in Fermex 200 was greater (P < 0.01) than in SBM-CV, but the addition of microbial phytase to the diets increased the ATTD and STTD of P in SBM-CV, but not in Fermex 200 (interaction; P < 0.01). In conclusion, the SID of AA and concentrations of DE and ME in Fermex 200 were not different from values determined for SBM-CV, but the STTD of P was greater in Fermex 200 than in SBM-CV if microbial phytase was not added to the diet.