海南农村人力资本投资现状及对策分析

建设社会主义新农村的关键是增加农民收入，增加农民收入的最佳途径是提升农村人力资本。农村人力资本投资的增长是关系到农村劳动力素质的提高、生活与就业条件的改善、以及促进区域整体经济的重要课题。本文根据海南农村人力资本投资现状，分析影响海南农村家庭进行人力资本投资决策的因素，提出提升海南人力资本投资力度的对策和建议。     

基于SLAF-seq技术构建甘蓝型油菜Polima CMS恢复系核心种质

为加快选育适应春油菜区的强优势杂交种,构建甘蓝型油菜Polima CMS恢复系核心种质,以118份波里马不育系的恢复系为材料,利用简化基因组测序技术(SLAF-seq),开发SNP标记,分析群体遗传关系,结合Core Hunter软件进行核心种质构建,得到2516个有效SNP标记位点。基于有效SNP标记,对118份资源进行遗传分析,结果显示:恢复系间平均Nei’s遗传距离为0.319,含有不同遗传成分的恢复系之间遗传距离较大;118份资源被聚成5类,来源相同的材料大多被分为同一类;获得两个符合要求的核心种质子集,分别包含34份材料和46份材料,分别命名为C30和C40。通过评价这两种核心种质,等位基因覆盖度都达到了99.8%以上,MR(罗杰斯距离)和CE(卡瓦利-爱德华距离)两种遗传距离指数相差不大,且多态性含量达到了0.28,表明构建的甘蓝型油菜恢复系的核心种质可以代表118份资源,符合植物资源核心种质的构建要求。     

Investigation of irrigation performance at the tertiary canal level in the Nile Delta of Egypt

Paddy and Water Environment - One of the objectives of the Irrigation Improvement Project (IIP) in the Nile Delta, Egypt, is to facilitate equitable water distribution and improve on-farm...     

Conservation and contingent valuation of farming landscape amenities by visitors: A case study of terraced paddy fields in Central Japan

The contingent valuation method was used with a payment card approach to estimate visitors’ willingness to pay (WTP) to conserve a traditional agricultural landscape of terraced paddy fields in coastal rural Japan. Eighty percent of participants indicated their WTP toward a conservation fund, with estimated mean and median WTP of JPY 953.5 (~?USD $8.99) and JPY 456.4 (~?USD $4.30) per visit per person. Personal income and proximity to residence both positively influenced WTP amount; visitors’ attachment to land and loyalty were positively associated with their willingness to pay for landscape conservation. Actual conservation costs are currently mostly funded by the public municipal budget (56%) and urban volunteers (43%), but government funding sources are declining and becoming unreliable. These findings suggest that visitor donations may supplement existing funding sources for the conservation of terraced paddy field landscapes. However, farmer successors are needed for farm management to sustain traditional farming and rural communities, since a living farm and a vigorous community are essential for rural tourism.     

建瓯市发展农村养殖小区和联户沼气的思考

结合建瓯农村实际,探索和创新养殖小区和联户沼气工程建设的农村沼气发展新模式,通过2 a的实践表明:与传统的户用沼气比较,养殖小区和联户沼气工程具有节约投资成本,有效解决沼气池建设土地,保障沼气发酵原料供给,便于维护维修和运行管理,改善农村生产生活环境等优势。     

加快修购项目预算执行进度的思考——以中国热带农业科学院为例

以加快修购项目预算执行进度为切入点，介绍实施修购项目的重要意义，分析中国热带农业科学院(以下简称“热科院”)修购项目预算执行中存在的问题及原因，提出热科院加强修购项目预算执行进度管理的思路及办法。     

Rice farming and strategy to rural development

Since 2004, Jong Wun Ahn is the President of Korea Agricultural and Rural Infrastructure Corporation (KARICO), which is a leading and unique government-run company in the field of agricultural and rural development and rural water management in Korea. He is also the Chairman of Korean National Committee (KCID) of International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID). For most of his 30-years career, he worked for agricultural policy planning and rural development in Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry as a specialist in agronomy and agricultural economy. One of his reports “In the Era of Globalization, Direction and Strategy on Rural Development in Korea” in which he put his findings and thoughts together based on his experience is still a good reference work for agricultural policy planners. President of Korea Agricultural and Rural Infrastructure Corporation (KARICO)     

几种新型肥料在晚稻黄华占上的应用效果初探

利用田间小区试验,以常规化肥和不施肥料为对照,研究了几种新型肥料在一次性基施条件下对晚稻黄华占的生长发育、产量及肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明,与不施肥对照相比,所有参试肥料一次性基施后均能显著提高晚稻产量,其中以施用硫包衣尿素处理的产量和氮磷钾吸收及利用效率最高,经济效益最佳。     

海南国内生产总值与从业人员的实证分析

利用1995-2009年共15 a数据研究发现，海南国内生产总值与从业人员之间存在紧密内在联系，运用计量经济学有关知识进行线性回归分析，确定当前从业人员的政策制定，是海南国内生产总值实现快速增长的基础。     

基于无人机遥感的玉米叶面积指数与产量估算

以2018和2019年在河南省新乡县中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所试验基地的玉米为研究对象,利用八旋翼无人机搭载的MicaSense RedEdge多光谱相机对试验区进行遥感监测,构建玉米叶面积无人机遥感监测模型和产量估算模型,并在示范区进行应用。结果表明,NDVI、EVI和GNDVI这3种植被指数在构建叶面积指数监测模型中具有较好的精度和稳定性。利用抽雄期植被指数构建的估产模型精度最高,吐丝期次之,拔节期最低。与单生育期估产模型相比,累积3个生育期植被指数构建的估产模型精度有一定提升,R²为0.87,RMSE为405.42 kg/hm²。构建的无人机遥感监测模型,可以快速有效评估玉米长势和产量。     

建设三位一体可持续发展休闲农庄的思考

对甘蔗渣与牛粪,鸡粪和尿液等不同含氮物质混合堆肥过程进行研究,同时与分别添加城市污水处理中的活性污泥组进行对比,研究其对腐熟度的影响。结果表明：甘蔗渣与不同含氮的物质牛粪、鸡粪和尿液等进行混合堆肥均可以满足堆肥腐熟度的标准要求;堆体添加城市活性污泥可以在一定程度上促进腐熟,综合其对堆体温度、含水率、pH值、有机质变化以及发芽率等参数的影响、可以使堆肥时间平均减少5～7 d。     

英德市农村经纪人行业存在问题与发展措施

广东省英德市农村经纪人队伍发展迅速，在推进英德农村经济发展，促进农民增收等方面发挥不可或缺的作用。针对英德市农村经纪人行业发展过程中存在的主要问题，提出了推动该市农村经纪人发展的举措，以带动、促进英德农村经济的发展。     

Estimating regional productivity based on demographic structure with artificial neural network

This paper explores the impact of the age structure on regional productivity. An estimation model based on artificial neural network (ANN) was developed on the assumption that demographic change, due to aging and migration has a significant effect on the regional productivity, especially in rural regions. A multilayer perceptron ANN model was applied to consider the composition of demographic structure rather than ratio between two population groups such as aged-child ratio. Regional productivity was estimated by applying the estimation model developed in this research study to population and aggregate product data of sixteen South Korean cities and counties, from 2000 to 2011. Developed model is trained with data of sixteen cities and counties, from 2000 to 2009, and verified with observation data and estimation results of 2010 and 2011. The results revealed that gross regional domestic product per capita, which represents regional productivity, is significantly related to demographic structure and can be estimated by age structure.     

Development of Hybrid Rice Variety FY7206 with Blast Resistance Gene Pid3 and Cold Tolerance Gene Ctb1

Hybrid rice Fanyou 7206(FY7206), derived from the cross between a sterile line Fanyuan A and a restorer line Fuhui 7206, was bred by the Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China. FY7206 was characterized by moderate blast resistance, cold tolerance, as well as wide adaptability, and high yields. The blast resistance results indicated that the frequencies of blast races in race B, race C and the total resistance frequency for FY7206 were 95.5%, 100.0% and 97.2%, respectively. The disease resistance results showed that the leaf blast grade for FY7206 was level 1 and panicle blast was level 5. The indoor spray results indicated that FY7206 was resistant to 11 isolates of Magnorpathe oryzae. The blast resistance of FY7206 might be derived from the high expression of blast resistance gene Pid3. The results for simulated cold resistance in an artificial climate chamber indicated that the cold tolerance for FY7206 was moderate at the booting and flowering stages. The cold tolerance results also indicated that FY7206 could be tolerant to temperatures as low as 10 °C at the seedling stage. The q RT-PCR results showed that the expression of cold tolerance gene Ctb1 in FY7206 was relatively high. These results suggested that FY7206 is a hybrid indica rice variety with good comprehensive characteristics, including blast resistance and cold tolerance.     

山地有机循环茶园体系优化构建与生产技术对策研究

茶业是乡村振兴与农民增收的重要产业.目前茶业发展呈现良好的态势,但依然存在4个突出制约生产种植发展的因素:优良品种选育与更新换代;茶园水土流失与生态恢复;土壤酸化与有效改良技术;多样功能发挥与"四生茶园"(生产-生活-生态-生命耦合联动茶园).实践表明,有机循环茶园的优化构建与有效运作,有助于解决制约茶叶生产的关键问题,进而促进茶产业的高质量发展.有机循环茶园是现阶段乡村绿色发展的新动态,也是常规有机茶业的转型升级版.本文阐述了有机循环茶园发展内涵、体系优化构建、基本技术要求,并提出了促进山区乡村有机循环茶园高质量发展对策的若干思考.     

Survey of microbial quality of drinking water in rural areas of Kashan-Iran in second half of 2008

The objective of the study is surveying microbial quality of drinking water in Kashan rural areas and determining the rural population that using safe water in terms of microbial quality in second-half of 2008. In this cross-sectional study, microbial quality of water in all rural areas was determined in 3 stages based on 3 parameters as Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms and Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC). The results of this study illustrates that 100.0, 47.71 and 92.99% population in under coverage and non under coverage areas of Kashan Rural Water and Wastewater Company (KRWWC) and all Kashan rural areas, respectively using safe water in terms of Fecal Coliforms and 98.4, 21.2 and 88.00% population in under coverage and non under coverage areas of KRWWC rural areas and all Kashan rural areas, respectively using safe water in terms of Total Coliforms. There is also a meaningful difference in microbial quality between under coverage and non-under coverage rural areas. The results of this study express that the fecal contamination in under coverage rural areas is excellent, but there is a bad condition in non-under coverage areas. Generally, the microbial quality in all Kashan rural areas is approximately equal to national microbial criteria. Its been also illustrated that the role of KRWWC in supplying safe drinking water in terms of microbial quality for rural population is very important.     

Ribosome-inactivating proteins from apple have strong aphicidal activity in artificial diet and in planta

The apple (Malus domestica) genome contains gene sequences encoding type-1 and type-2 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs). Both types of proteins contain a RIP domain with N-glycosidase activity, but the type-2 RIPs possess an additional domain with lectin activity. Here we investigated the activity of RIPs from apple against two sucking-piercing aphids that are important in agriculture, in particular pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and green peach aphids (Myzus persicae).When the recombinant RIPs were dosed in an artificial liquid diet against pea aphids a strong aphicidal activity was observed. Based on LC₅₀s, the type-2 RIP (33 mg/L) was about 10 times more active than the type-1 RIP (341 mg/L), and the LC₅₀ of the recombinant protein corresponding to the type-2 RIP lectin domain alone was 106 mg/L. In in planta experiments with transgenic tobacco plants expressing the type-1 RIP or the type-2 RIP and infected with green peach aphids, mortalities of the nymphal stages amounted to approximately 50% for both types of transgenic lines when compared to wild type plants. In addition, significant sublethal effects were observed in the surviving aphids with a reduction in fecundity, intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate and doubling time of the insect population. The insecticidal activity of the type-1 RIP and type-2 RIP from apple is discussed in relation to the domain structure of the RIPs and potential use in plant protection.     

芒果MiFY基因克隆和表达模式分析

FY是拟南芥自主途径中调控成花的基因,FY通过与RNA结合蛋白FLOWERING CONTROL LOCUS A (FCA)相互作用下调成花抑制基因FLOWERING LOUS C (FLC)的表达从而促进开花。目前关于FY基因如何调控芒果成花的机制尚无研究报道。通过挖掘芒果转录组数据克隆获得1个FY基因,命名为MiFY。生物信息学分析显示,MiFY基因的ORF全长为2178 bp,编码725个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量为799.59 kDa,理论等电点为8.72,氨基酸序列中含有WD40和Cytadhesin_P30两个保守结构域。基因表达模式分析显示,MiFY基因在2个芒果品种的开花期均具有较高的表达水平,而在营养生长期表达水平较低。因此推测MiFY基因可能在调节芒果成花中起着重要作用。     

野生大豆抗旱性鉴定及研究

1999年对410份野生大豆进行抗旱性初步评价基础上，2000—2002年对13份野生大豆做进一步抗旱性评价，并与半野生大豆、栽培大豆的抗旱性进行比较。结果表明：野生大豆中存在高度抗旱基因型，其中ZYD1936、ZYD3654的平均抗旱系数大于0．6500，系1级抗旱材料，且抗旱性稳定。平均抗旱系数与株高、结荚高度、分枝数、主茎节数、单株荚数、单株粒数均呈负相关，与单株粒重和百粒重呈正相关。高度抗旱野生资源的特点：生育日数120天左右，株高200cm左右，主茎明显，主茎节数较多，分枝数较少且短，结荚部位较低；中型椭圆叶，紫花，棕毛，无限结荚蔓生习性；小粒、黑种皮、椭圆粒，以二、三粒荚为主，一粒荚次之，四粒荚较少，一级抗旱材料的四粒荚比栽培大豆多。     

基于灰色关联理论的海南省农民人均纯收入分析

运用灰色系统理论的关联分析方法，对海南省农民人均纯收入与影响农民人均纯收入的主要因素进行了实证研究。研究结果表明，各因素对农民人均纯收入影响的关联序为：农业贷款、乡镇企业贷款(0.838 2)＞农业机械总动力(0.835 3)＞农业生产资料价格总指数(0.796 4)＞农村家庭从业人员(0.730 3)＞粮食单位面积产量(0.701 1)＞农业人口数(0.684 3)＞农业生产总值(0.678 9)＞耕地总面积(0.670 8)＞粮食占农作物总播种面积比重(0.644 4)。在此基础上，根据关联度的分析，对如何发挥主导因素的作用，提高海南省农民人均纯收入提出了政策建议。