敦煌沙漠-绿洲过渡带近地表风沙动力环境

[目的]探究沙漠绿洲过渡带起沙风况、输沙势、风沙通量和近地表粒度特征,为阐明沙漠绿洲过渡带风沙动力过程提供理论依据。[方法]利用同步风况、输沙通量和近地表断面粒度资料,分析了沙漠、绿洲及其过渡带输沙势时空分布特征。[结果]由于沙漠和绿洲内部物质组成、空间结构和水热状况不同,沙漠—绿洲过渡风速梯度和起沙风累计作用时间差异显著;受沙漠和绿洲的交互作用,沙漠—绿洲过渡带存在两组主导风向。从近地表粒度特征沿程分布来看,自沙漠至绿洲方向,粗沙含量逐渐降低,粉沙和黏粒含量相对增加。沙漠—绿洲过渡带是绿洲生态系统的重要组成部分,对维持绿洲稳定意义重大。[结论]针对绿洲风沙危害防治,应从局地环流角度出发,充分考虑沙漠—绿洲过渡带的调节和缓冲作用。     

Temporal Variations of Flow–sediment Relationships in a Highly Erodible Catchment of the Loess Plateau,China

The flow–sediment relationship is important to understand the soil erosion and land degradation processes in severe eroded areas. This study researches on variations of streamflow, sediment load, and flow–sediment relationship on multi‐temporal scales (annual, flood season and, monthly scales) in a highly erodible catchment of Chinese Loess Plateau. The results demonstrated that the streamflow, sediment load, sediment concentration, runoff coefficient, and sediment coefficient all experienced evident reductions, and the decrease in the middle and downstream stations was more significant compared with the upstream stations. The land use changes and implementation of soil and water conservation measures played major role for the streamflow and sediment load reductions with respect to precipitation change, and the runoff coefficient and sediment coefficient linearly decreased with the percentage of conservation measure area. The runoff‐sediment yield relationship on annual, flood season, and monthly scales could be generally characterized by the linear function, and the slopes during the post‐change period was lower than those during the pre‐change period of sediment load. The sediment concentration–streamflow discharge relationship represented consistent form over the entire study period, and the logarithmic function was appropriate to describe the relationships on the three timescales. The decrease of sediment concentration contributed greatest (60·7%) to sediment reduction compared with runoff productivity of rainfall (30·2%) and precipitation (9·1%). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.