Application of remote sensing to identify adult plant resistance loci to stripe rust in two bread wheat mapping populations

Phenotyping of wheat stripe rust in genetic studies has traditionally relied on quantifying disease by means of the modified Cobb Scale. This approach requires scoring of disease severity and response type, either on flag leaves or on a whole plot basis. The use of spectral crop sensors in wheat phenotyping has raised the question of whether this objective methodology is suitable for detecting stripe rust resistance loci in genetic studies. An Avocet S X Francolin#1 recombinant inbred population developed at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo—acronym CIMMYT), and a Kariega X Avocet S doubled haploid population developed in South Africa, both with available genetic maps, were used in this study. Field trials for stripe rust evaluation of these populations were planted at Greytown, South Africa in 2013 and 2014. Severe and uniformly distributed infection of Puccinia striiformis race 6E22A+ occurred in both years. Populations and parents were phenotyped according to the modified Cobb Scale and with a handheld Trimble GreenSeeker^® crop sensor (model HCS-100). The sensing device emits red and infrared light and measures the reflectance of each wavelength in terms of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). In both years, NDVI detected four previously characterized quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 1BL, 2BS, 3BS and 6AL in the Avocet S X Francolin#1 population. The same QTL were detected with visual estimates in 2013 but only 2BS was significant in 2014. In the Kariega X Avocet S population, all stripe rust traits, including NDVI, mapped to previously described QTL on chromosomes 2BS, 4AL and 7DS. Remote sensing of infection levels thus consistently detected the same QTL regions as described by using visual ratings in earlier studies, indicating that a crop sensor can be easily applied in genetic mapping of stripe rust resistance in wheat.     

Complement-fixing properties of pepsin-treated rabbit and sheep antibodies

Rabbit antibody with a sedimentation coefficient of 7S was digested with pepsin to yield the 5S fragment. Washed specific precipitates of 5S antibody and egg albumin, when added to guinea pig serum, fixed up to 40 percent of the total complement. This fixation could not be attributed to contamination with 7S antibody. Absorption of guinea pig serum with washed precipitates of 5S antibody and antigen removed that portion of complement which was fixed by fresh 5S antibody-antigen aggregates, but not that fixed by 7S antibody-antigen aggregates. The presence of 0.001M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid prevented this absorption of complement by the 5S aggregates.     

某种鸡场鸡白痢抗体检测分析

采用全血平板凝集试验,对漯河市某种鸡场2317只3月龄后备种鸡进行鸡白痢抗体检测,结果：阳性率为10．3％,其中A品系种公鸡阳性率为3．4％、种母鸡阳性率为1．2％,B品系种公鸡阳性率为18．4%、种母鸡阳性率为11．4％。试验说明该鸡场后备种鸡中沙门氏菌病感染严重;不同品系、不同性别后备种鸡感染程度差异较大。     

Homeostasis of the antibody response: immunoregulation by NK cells

When injected into mice, the synthetic double-stranded polynucleotide poly(inosinic) X poly(cytidylic) acid induces high natural killer (NK) cell activity within 4 to 12 hours. Induction of NK activity in mice immunized 2 or 3 days previously, or the addition of NK cells to cultures immunized in vitro 2 or 3 days previously, promotes early termination of the ongoing primary immunoglobulin M antibody response. A target for NK cells is a population of accessory cells that has interacted with antigen and is necessary for sustaining the antibody response. The inference is strong that NK cells induced normally by immunization also terminate the usual antibody response in vivo by elimination of antigen-exposed accessory cells.     

小鼠鼻粘膜接种伤寒杆菌Fe-SOD的抗体应答

目的：观察小鼠鼻腔接种伤寒杆菌的Fe—SOD后血液和粘膜系统的抗体应答。方法：用IL-1作为佐剂,将伤寒杆菌的Fe—SOD经鼻腔接种小鼠,检测小鼠血液及肠液中的抗体应答。结果：当用IL-1作为佐剂时,经鼻腔接种伤寒杆菌Fe—SOD的小鼠血液和肠液中可产生高水平特异性IgG和IgA类抗体;而腹腔注射仅在血液中产生高水平特异性IgG抗体。结论：用IL-1作为佐剂,伤寒杆菌Fe—SOD经鼻腔接种后可引起小鼠粘膜系统和血液中的抗体应答。     

草鱼母源免疫的初步研究

用酚灭活的柱状嗜纤维菌对草鱼雌亲鱼每月注射１次，连续注射７次。通过检测草鱼雌亲鱼血液中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性、血清中凝集抗体效价、受精卵和鱼苗中凝集抗体效价，首先证明了草鱼雌亲鱼对免疫原能产生较强的免疫应答，其凝集抗体可以通过受精卵而传递给仔代，而且这种凝集抗体能在孵化后的鱼苗体内持续存在２７ｄ以上。然而，用活菌对１７４日龄的鱼种攻毒的试验结果表明，免疫组与对照不存在显著差异。     

生物素——亲和素酶联免疫吸附测定法检测水稻白叶枯病病菌

在以单克隆杭体为第2抗体的酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)的基础上,应用生物素——亲和素系统,建立了亲和素——生物素化辣根过氧化物酶复合物——酶联免疫吸附测定法(ABC-ELISA)检测水稻白叶枯病病菌。比较了ABC-ELISA法和常规ELISA法的差异,表明ABC-ELISA法的灵敏度比常规ELISA法高10～100倍。常规ELISA双夹心法的检出量一般为10~6菌体/ml,ABC-ELISA双夹心法达10~菌体/ml;全菌包被ELISA间接法为10~5菌体/ml;而ABC-ELISA间接法为10~3个菌体/ml。ABC-ELISA法并不影响单克隆抗体的高度特异性。用ABC-ELISA法检测58份水稻白叶枯病病叶,16份病种,病叶全部表现阳性反应,病种稻壳如取样在1g以上,检出率较高。     

IBV S1蛋白的原核表达及其单克隆抗体的制备

采用RT-PCR方法,以IBVM41毒株的S1基因为模板扩增出了大小为468bp的目的片段(命名为poly156S1),该片断保守性、抗原性较好。将获得的目的基因定向克隆到表达载体pET-32a-c(+)中,获得了重组质粒pET-32a-c(+)-poly156S1。将该重组质粒转入表达菌Origami(DE3)中,用IPTG进行诱导表达,获得了大小约为34KD的重组蛋白poly156S1。Western-blot证实该重组蛋白能与IBV阳性鸡血清发生特异性反应。用纯化好的重组蛋白poly156S1免疫BALB/c小鼠,按常规方法进行单克隆抗体的制备,成功获得了针对M41S1蛋白的3株单克隆杂交瘤细胞8D2、8D6、10F9,其IgG亚类分别为IgG1、IgG2a、IgG2b,轻链均为κ型。按常规方法对各株单克隆杂交瘤细胞进行了小鼠腹水单抗的制备与纯化,并用以重组蛋白poly156S1为包被抗原的间接ELISA对纯化后的腹水单抗进行了效价测定,及其与重组蛋白poly156S1亲和力的分析。结果表明:腹水单抗8D2、8D6、10F9的ELISA效价分别达到1.78×218,1.37×221,1.31×216;单抗8D6与重组蛋白poly156S1的亲和力最高。Western-blot进一步证实单抗8D6与重组蛋白poly156S1具有良好的反应性。     

关于几个S－分离空间的关系

在Ｓ－紧空间中讨论了几个Ｓ－分离空间之间的关系。给出了Ｓ２－空间成为空间，空间成为空间的一个充分条件。主要结论有设Ｘ是Ｓ－紧空间，且Ｘ具有有限半开集可交性．则：１）若Ｘ是Ｓ２－空间，则Ｘ是空间；２）若Ｘ是Ｓ２－空间，则Ｘ是空间；３）若Ｘ是－空间，则Ｘ是－空间。     

Immunosuppressant from group A streptococci

A cytoplasmic component of group A streptococci suppresses both 19S and 7S antibody responses of mice to sheep erythrocytes. Partial purification is achieved by differential centrifugation and gel filtration. When the direct and indirect hemolytic plaque techniques are used, a single injection of this group A material given before injection of erythrocytes produces more than 90-percent suppression of either primary or secondary immune response.     

对非线性算子和的值域定理的改进

Ｘ为实Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间，其对偶空间为Ｘ．Ｓ：Ｄ（Ｓ）Ｘ→Ｘ，Ｔ：Ｄ（Ｔ）Ｘ→Ｘ为两个非线性算子。本文所讨论的问题属于方程Ｓｘ＋Ｔｘ＝ｆ的可解性问题，并得到了使Ｓ，Ｔ在更弱的条件下有Ｒ（Ｓ）Ｒ（Ｓ＋Ｔ）及ｉｎｔＲ（Ｓ）（Ｓ＋Ｔ）成立的两个定理，推广、改进了已有的有关算子和的值域定理。     

PROCESS OF INFECTION WITH PHI-X174: EFFECT OF EXONUCLEASES ON THE REPLICATIVE FORM

When a preparation containing the DNA of the bacteriophage ?X174 in its replicative form together with DNA from Escherichia coli is treated with exonucleases, the replicative form retains its characteristic physical properties, while the bacterial DNA is degraded. The evidence suggests that the mature replicative form exists as a closed ring.     

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE REPLICATIVE FORM OF THE DNA OF THE BACTERIOPHAGE PHI-X174

Electron micrographs of surface films containing the replicative form of the DNA of bacteriophage, ?X174 show ring structures, whose average contour length is 1.64 micro, which have the characteristic appearance of double-stranded DNA throughout most of their length.     

三种鳜对柱状嗜纤维菌脂多糖免疫应答的比较研究

从柱状嗜纤维菌提取菌体脂多糖作为免疫原,分别注射接种翘嘴鳜,斑鳜和大眼鳜后,检测了供试鱼血清中凝集抗体效价和血液中白细胞吞噬活性以及采用直接荧光抗体法测定了受免鳜血液中各种淋巴细胞数量的变化。结果表明,接种ＬＰＳ后,３种受免鳜血清中凝集抗体效价均在第３周达到峰值,血液中蚕噬细胞的吞活性和Ｔ,Ｂ淋巴细胞样细胞的比率均在第２周最高。     

鸡志贺氏菌多价凝集抗原及其标准血清的研制

利用鸡鲍氏志贺氏菌和鸡痢疾志贺氏菌制备多价凝集抗原,确定其最佳反应浓度及比例.选择合适的试验鸡只,用2种鸡志贺氏菌灭活疫苗定期肌肉注射免疫和抗体效价测定,适时采血分离血清.结果显示,鸡鲍氏抗原与痢疾抗原的最佳混合浓度为6×10~9mL~(-1),最佳比例为1:1.制备的鸡鲍氏和鸡痢疾志贺氏菌多价阳性血清,经抗体效价测定均达6log2,阴性血清与鸡志贺氏菌多价凝集抗原作用无凝集现象出现.研制的多价凝集抗原及其标准血清经特异性试验、重复性试验和保存方法试验,具有特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好、易保存等特点,且可省去单价凝集抗原繁琐的检测程序和时间.     

含有IBV S1基因的昆虫杆状病毒表达载体的构建

以含有鸡传染性支气管炎病毒Ｈｏｌｔｅ株Ｓ１基因的重组质粒ｐＵＣ１８－Ｓ１．Ｈｏｌｔｅ和ｐＵＣ１８－Ｓ‘１．Ｈｏｌｔｅ为材料,分别构建了可表达ＩＢＶ Ｓ１基因的昆虫杆状病毒转移载体质粒ｐＳＸＩＶＶＩ＾＋Ｘ３－Ｓ１．Ｈｏｌｔｅ（含ＩＢＶ先导序列）,ｐＳＸＩＶＶＩ＾＋Ｘ３／４－Ｓ１．Ｈｏｌｔｅ（ＩＢＶ先导序列为融合短肽）,ｐＡｃＧＨＬ－Ｃ－Ｓ１,Ｈｏｌｔｅ。     

2——距离空间中两个膨胀型映射的公共不动点定理

（Ｘ，ｄ）为一完备的２－距离空间，Ａ，Ｂ为两个Ｘ到Ｘ的膨胀型映射，本文的工作是在（Ｘ，ｄ）中讨论了Ａ，Ｂ的公共不动点问题，得到了一个公共不动点定理。     

有限部分变换半群的几类平凡子半群

设X是集合,PX为X上的所有部分变换做成的半群。当X是有限集时,PX为周期半群。利用周期半群S是R-平凡的、L-平凡的和J-平凡的性质,给出了当X是有限集时,PX的子半群S是这几类平凡子半群的充要条件。     

Myosin: a link between streptococci and heart

Murine monoclonal antibodies to Streptococcus pyogenes reacted with skeletal muscle myosin. High molecular weight proteins in extracts of human heart tissue that reacted with an antibody to S. pyogenes also reacted with a monoclonal antibody to ventricular myosin. Adsorption of the antibody to streptococci with S. pyogenes simultaneously removed reactivity of the antibody for either S. pyogenes or myosin. These results indicate that myosin shares immunodeterminants with a component of S. pyogenes.     

核桃JrTT1-1启动子不同长度片段响应干旱的活性分析

  目的  TTl是C2H2-ZFP（WIP型锌指结构）类转录因子调控蛋白,核桃JrTT1-1基因启动子含有干旱响应元件,具有调控干旱胁迫的功能。本研究通过分离JrTT1-1基因不同长度启动子片段并对其受干旱胁迫后的表达活性进行分析,探讨JrTT1-1基因响应干旱胁迫的机制。  方法  根据WRKY顺式作用元件的分布,将JrTT1-1基因启动子分为1 002 bp（?1 ~ ?1 002）、720 bp（?1 ~ ?720）、448 bp（?1 ~ ?448）、174 bp（?1 ~ ?174）、149 bp（?1 ~ ?149）5个片段,分别记为S1、S2、S3、S4、S5。用S1、S2、S3、S4、S5分别替换pCAMBIA1301载体的CaMV35S启动子构建重组载体,通过农杆菌介导的蘸花法转化拟南芥,经潮霉素筛选、PCR验证及GUS基因表达分析确定后培养至T3代。对不同生长期不同组织进行GUS酶活性测定,评价不同片段的时空表达活性。将S1、S2、S3、S4、S5转基因植株种子萌发生长30 d进行干旱处理（50 mmol/L甘露醇）,未干旱处理的设为对照（CK）,分析整株、根及地上部分GUS酶活性,评价不同片段响应干旱的差异。  结果  正常生长条件下,S1、S2、S3、S4、S5转基因拟南芥在不同生长时期、不同组织器官中均能检测出GUS酶活性,但不同片段GUS活性具有差异,且随着片段变短,活性降低;但S1和S2之间的差异不显著。比较成熟种子、鲜种子、35 d根、茎、叶、花的GUS活性,发现不同组织之间也有区别,体现了5个片段的组织表达特异性。与CK相比,干旱胁迫下,5个片段整株、根和地上部分的GUS活性均显著提高,其中干旱胁迫后S1、S2、S3、S4、S5全株的GUS活性分别为CK的1.50、1.46、1.47、1.46、2.23倍,根GUS活性分别为CK的1.29、1.29、1.28、1.53、1.36倍,地上部分GUS活性分别为CK的1.62、1.59、1.57、1.59、2.30倍。  结论  JrTT1-1基因启动子片段的表达活性与其长度呈正相关,每个长度启动子片段活性具有根、茎、叶、花、种子等组织特异性;WRKY元件及其数量可能与干旱胁迫调节作用相关,且JrTT1-1启动子在干旱胁迫下的表达也具有组织差异性。