广东橘小实蝇寄生蜂调查

本文记述广东省橘小实蝇的寄生蜂4科8种,包括茧蜂科Braconidae的阿费氏茧蜂Fopius arisanus(Sonan,1932)、凡氏费氏茧蜂Fopius vandenboschi(Fullaway,1952)、长尾全裂茧蜂Diachasmimorpha longicaudata(Ashmead,1905)和弗氏短背茧蜂Pasyttalia fletcheri(Silvestri,1916)、姬小峰科Eulophidae的印啮小蜂Aceratoneuromyia indica(Silvestri,1910)、小蜂科Chalcididae的吉氏角头小蜂Dirhinus giffardii(Silvestri,1914)和匙胸瘿蜂科Eucoilidae的柔匙胸瘿蜂属Aganaspis sp.1和Aganaspis sp.2。     

广东美洲斑潜蝇寄生蜂常见种类鉴别

本文记述了采自广东的美洲斑潜寄生蜂７种,包括茧蜂科Ｂｒａｃｏｎｉｄｅ的甘蓝斑潜蝇茧蜂Ｏｐｉｕｓ ｄｉｍｉｄｉａｔｕｓ（Ａｓｈｍｅａｄ）和离潜蝇茧蜂Ｏｐｉｕｓ ｄｉｓｓｉｔｕｓ Ｍｕｅｓｅｂｅｃｋ,以及姬小蜂科Ｅｕｌｏｐｈｉｄａｅ的异角亨姬小蜂Ｈｅｍｉｐｔａｒｓｅｎｕｓ ｖａｒｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ,黄潜蝇釉姬小蜂Ｃｈｒｙｓｏｃｈａｒｉｓ ｏｓｃｉｎｉｄｉｓ Ａｓｈｍｅａｄ,底比斯釉姬小蜂Ｃｈｒｙｓｏｃｈａ     

我国粉蚧寄生蜂的种类及其在生物防治中的应用

粉蚧是绿化苗木、林木和果树的重要害虫,寄生蜂在粉蚧类害虫防治中占有重要地位。据不完全统计,我国报道的粉蚧寄生蜂有5科45种。其中,跳小蜂科35种、蚜小蜂科1种、金小蜂科4种、棒小蜂科3种、广腹细蜂科2种。我国对粉蚧优势寄生蜂——班氏跳小蜂(A.bambawalei)和粉蚧长索跳小蜂/指长索跳小蜂(A.dactylopii)生态学进行了系统研究,但目前我国对于寄生蜂在粉蚧生物防治中的实践应用较少。     

栗瘿长尾小蜂生物学特性及寄生效能观察

栗瘿长尾小蜂(Torymus sp.)属长尾小蜂科,长尾小蜂属,是北京郊区栗瘿蜂幼虫的重要天敌。据调查,自然寄生率一般为50%左右,最高可达90%以上,且寄生效果逐年增高。对栗瘿蜂发生有显著的抑制作用。栗瘿长尾小蜂过去在国内未见报道资料。     

麦蚜重寄生蜂的观察

一、麦蚜重寄生蜂的种类 在山东临清,寄生麦蚜茧蜂的5种寄生蜂中,以蚜虫跳小蜂Aphidencyrths aphidivorus为主,占67.3％;环腹瘿蜂Figites sp.第二位,占13.5％;黄足分盾细蜂Dendrocerus(Atritomellus)laticeps占9.6％,还有宽缘金小蜂Pachyneuron sp.,短腹柄腹金小蜂Asaphes sp.。在小麦灌浆前期以瘿蜂多见;小麦黄熟期以跳小蜂为主要种类。它们是蚜茧蜂僵蚜期的主要寄生天敌、麦蚜的重寄生蜂,是有害的。     

畜禽饲养场蝇蛹寄生性天敌调查

作者等于１９９３年９月间在北京、兰州和上海３地５个畜禽饲养场就蝇蛹寄生蜂的自然发生情况进行了调查。共采集蝇蛹２０００余头，其中家蝇占６６％，厩螯蝇占３０％，其它蝇类占４％。蛹寄生率分别为家蝇１６．４％，厩螯蝇８．８％，平均１５．４％。除寄生蜂羽化以外的蝇蛹自然死亡率平均为４７％，是蝇蛹的另一个重要自然死亡因子。羽化寄生性天敌２０８头，分属７个种，其中蝇蛹俑小蜂占２５％，脊胸俑小蜂占２２．６％，Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｐｒｉａｓｐ．占４３．８％（本种全部采自上海）。其它有金小蜂科的Ｍｕｓｃｉｄｉｆｕｒａｘｒａｐｔｏｒ和Ｓｐａｌａｎｇｉａｏｂｓｃｕｒａ，环腹瘿蜂科１种和鞘翅目隐翅虫科的Ａｌｅｏｃｈａｒａｓｐ．等。世界性种脊胸俑小蜂为首次证实在我国的分布记载     

花椒波瘿蚊寄生蜂——广肩小蜂田间发生规律研究

广肩小蜂Eurytoma sp.是花椒波瘿蚊Asphondylia zanthoxyli bu & Zheng的重要寄生天敌.广肩小蜂1年发生3代,以蛹在花椒波瘿蚊为害形成的虫瘿内越冬.第2年花椒发芽后在4月中旬越冬代成虫羽化;第1代成虫6月上旬羽化;第2代成虫8月上旬羽化.成虫产卵于花椒波瘿蚊幼虫为害后形成的虫瘿内;孵化后外寄生于花椒波瘿蚊幼虫,将寄主幼虫吃光后化蛹.越冬代寄生率达48.39%,第2年花椒发芽前剪除虫瘿枝可有效保护广肩小蜂种群数量.     

荔枝品种对叶瘿蚊和瘿螨种群密度的影响

荔枝叶瘿蚊(Ｄａｓｉｎｅｕｒａｓｐ.)和瘿螨(ＥｒｉｏｐｈｙｅｓｌｉｔｃｈｉｉＫｅｉｆｅｒ)是广泛分布于我国及东南亚荔枝(ＬｉｔｃｈｉｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＳｏｎｎ.)主产区的新害虫,危害十分严重[1]。荔枝叶瘿蚊种群的扩散速度快,世代多,自我保护能力强[2,3]。荔枝瘿螨个体小,每年可发生10代以上,有厚而密的毛毡保护(又名毛毡病),故化学防治根本不能有效控制其危害[4,5]。因此,寻找抗荔枝瘿螨和叶瘿蚊荔枝品种的工作非常重要。我们调查了两种害虫在三月红、妃子笑、糯米糍和淮枝4个不同荔枝品种上自然种群密度,初步研究了荔枝品种的抗虫…     

肉桂的五种枝梢害虫

报道１９９０～１９９４年在肉桂枝梢上发现的５种害虫的危害情况。这５种害虫危害肉桂的枝，梢，干，严重影响肉桂的生长，具有很大的经济重要性，其中肉桂种子小蜂Ｂｒｕｃｈｏｐｈａｇｕｓｓｐ．肉桂瘿蚊Ａｓｐｈｏｎｄｙｌｉａｓｐ．系首次发现危害肉桂。     

松突圆蚧寄生蜂优势种及引进寄生蜂的繁殖利用研究：Ⅰ.寄生蜂种类的…

松突圆蚧Ｈｅｍａｂｅｒｌｅｓｉａ ｐｉｔｙｓｏｐｈｉｌａ的寄生繁殖和利用是防治该虫的重要手段之一。本地林间的优势种为长缨质蚧丽蚜小蜂Ｅｎｃａｒｓｉａ ｃｉｔｒｉｎａ，爱友丽蚜小蜂Ｅ。ａｍｉｃｕｌａ和范氏黄蚜小蜂Ａｐｈｙｔｉｓｖａｎｄｅｎｂｏｓｃｈｉ。日本引进的蜂种为匀鞭蚜小蜂Ｅｎｃａｒｓｉａ ｓｐ．和范氏黄蚜小峰等两种。几种供繁蜂用的中间寄主以茶钹盾蚧Ａｂｇｒａｌｌａｓｐｉｓｃｙａｎｏｐｈｙｌｌｉ     

寄生美洲大蠊卵鞘的浅沟长尾啮小蜂记述（膜翅目：姬小蜂科）

本文用图文简要记述了从美洲大蠊卵鞘中育出的浅沟长尾啮小蜂Aprostocetus asthenogmus（Waterston）的形态特征。这是该蜂在我国的首次报道，有望今后用于蜚蠊的生物防治。     

中国植食性瓢虫寄生蜂的初步调查

1984年9月至10月在中国南部和中部地区的调查中共发现了4种廿八星瓢虫的寄生性天敌,其中包括瓢虫姬小蜂,啮小蜂、金小蜂和一种尚未定名的寄生蜂。以瓢虫姬小蜂分布广泛,被寄生后的瓢虫形成蛹干尸。经室内饲养证明啮小蜂为瓢虫姬小蜂的寄生蜂。金小蜂仅只采集到一头标本,它的寄生作用还有待于进一步的研究。瓢虫姬小蜂已引种到美国农业部益虫研究室。     

Prospects for the use of biological control agents against Anoplophora in Europe

This review summarises the literature on the biological control of Anoplophora spp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and discusses its potential for use in Europe. Entomopathogenic fungi: Beauveria brongniartii Petch (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) has already been developed into a commercial product in Japan, and fungal infection results in high mortality rates. Parasitic nematodes: Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser have potential for use as biopesticides as an alternative to chemical treatments. Parasitoids: a parasitoid of Anoplophora chinensis Forster, Aprostocetus anoplophorae Delvare (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), was discovered in Italy in 2002 and has been shown to be capable of parasitising up to 72% of A. chinensis eggs; some native European parasitoid species (e.g. Spathius erythrocephalus) also have potential to be used as biological control agents. Predators: two woodpecker (Piciformis: Picidae) species that are native to Europe, Dendrocopos major Beicki and Picus canus Gmelin, have been shown to be effective at controlling Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky in Chinese forests. The removal and destruction of infested and potentially infested trees is the main eradication strategy for Anoplophora spp. in Europe, but biological control agents could be used in the future to complement other management strategies, especially in locations where eradication is no longer possible. © 2014 Crown copyright. Pest Management Science © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Biological Control of Alfalfa Weevil in North America

Alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhall) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is of Eurasian origin. This destructive pest of alfalfa (lucerne) was accidentally established in North America on three separate occasions. These introductions are commonly identified in the literature as biological strains: western alfalfa weevil, Egyptian alfalfa weevil (=Hypera brunneipennis Boheman), and eastern alfalfa weevil. Alfalfa weevil has been the target of classical biological control almost since its discovery in North America more than 90 years ago. These efforts have resulted in establishment of at least nine exotic parasitoids and egg predators: Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), B. anurus (Thomson) and B. stenostigma (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae); Microctonus aethiopoides Loan and M. colesi Drea (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), the latter of undetermined origin; Oomyzus incertus (Ratzenberg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); Dibrachoides dynastes (Forester) and Peridesmia discus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae); and Anaphes luna (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). A fungal pathogen, Zoophthora phytonomi Arthur (Phycomycetes: Entomophthoraceae), of undetermined origin, is becoming an increasingly important alfalfa weevil mortality factor. Most major USA alfalfa production areas now benefit from a complex of alfalfa weevil biological control agents. Collectively, these agents have effected substantial reduction in the economic importance of alfalfa weevil across the northern USA However, biological agents provide only partial control of alfalfa weevil, and importance of their contribution differs considerably with production area. Still, the benefits achieved, especially from reduced need for insecticides in alfalfa production, mark this as one of the great success stories of classical biological control in North America.     

Floral traits and pollination system of Zygophyllum xanthoxylum in the managed and wild populations in an arid region of Northwest China

Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, which belongs to Sarcozygium of Zygophyllaceae, is one of the ecologically important species in Northwest China. In order to understand the pollination system of Z. xanthoxylum, we investigated the following characteristics of this species in the Urat Desert-grassland Research Station in western Inner Mongolia of China: flowering dynamics, pollen viability, pollen limitation, floral visitors and breeding system. The results showed that the flowering period and flowering peak were different between the wild and managed populations, being longer in the managed population. Z. xanthoxylum was pollen-limited, and pollen limitation was more intense in the wild population than in the managed population. Chalicodoma deserticola(Hymenoptera) was found to be the most frequent pollinator in the wild population, while Anthophora fulvitarsis(Hymenoptera) was the most frequent and effective visitor in the managed population. Out-crossing was dominant in the breeding system and self-pollination just played an assistant role to assure the reproduction of Z. xanthoxylum.     

Parasitoids of European species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Yponomeuta</Emphasis> Latreille 1796 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae): new findings with an updated checklist

The species of the genus Yponomeuta Latreille (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) are known as ermine moths and can be found on various host plant species, sometimes appearing as pests. They are attacked by a wide range of parasitoids. We studied parasitoid complexes of several communities in Austria, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia and Sweden during 2014–2018. From four species, Yponomeuta cagnagella (Hübner), Yponomeuta evonymella (Linnaeus), Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller and Yponomeuta padella (Linnaeus), we reared 15 parasitoid species of seven hymenopteran and one dipteran family. In this study, the family Ichneumonidae is the most numerous, while Ageniaspis fuscicollis (Dalman) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was found in all four Yponomeuta species. Within reared parasitoids, A. fuscicollis is new record for Slovenia and Austria, Baryscapus evonymellae (Bouché) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Diadegma armillatum (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) are new records for Slovenia and Agrypon canaliculatum (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Dolichogenidea dilecta (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Elasmus steffani Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Herpestomus brunnicornis (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Trieces tricarinatus (Holmgren) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Mesochorus nuncupator (Panzer) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) are new records for Serbia. Also, Yponomeuta cagnagella is a new host record for Pteromalus semotus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Y. padella for E. steffani. Finally, we reviewed parasitoids of European Yponomeuta species and their associated host plants. In total 154 species are recorded from nine hymenopteran and one dipteran family.     

白蜡窄吉丁(鞘翅目:吉丁甲科)的生物防治研究进展

白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis Faimaire原分布在东北亚国家,包括俄罗斯远东地区,在原产地由于为害不重而受关注度不高,因此没有被列入世界各国危险性有害生物监测重点名单之中。但自21世纪初其传入美国和加拿大之后,已造成重大灾害,成为迄今为止北美地区危害性最大和造成经济损失最为严重的外来入侵森林害虫。由于该害虫的高度隐蔽性,在传入地的早期检测非常困难,发现该虫的地点往往其种群已经定殖多年,因此根除策略难以奏效。美国在白蜡窄吉丁入侵初期进行的根除策略失败后迅速启动了生物防治计划。通过国际合作研究,美国从中国引进了3种寄生性天敌:白蜡吉丁柄腹茧蜂Spathius agrili Yang、白蜡吉丁啮小蜂Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang和白蜡吉丁卵跳小蜂Oobius agrili Zhang & Huang,经大量人工繁殖后在林间进行了释放,现已在当地成功建立了天敌种群,开始发挥越来越重要的控制作用。本文对最近10多年来白蜡窄吉丁生物防治方面的研究进展进行了回顾和简要综述,希望对我国同类蛀干害虫的研究工作有所启示。     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anagyrus</Emphasis> (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from China,parasitoid of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phenacoccus solani</Emphasis> Ferris (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycoris radiata</Emphasis> (L’Her.) Herb.

A new species of Anagyrus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), A. pseudofuscus Zu sp. nov., is described from China as a parasitoid of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solani Ferris (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae).     

桑天长牛长尾啮小蜂的寄主搜索行为

桑天牛长尾啮小蜂（Aprostocetus fkutaiMiwa et Sonan）对桑枝条的气味反应敏感，受桑天牛危害的桑枝条比未受害的桑枝条对长尾啮小蜂有更强烈的引诱作用；刻槽的形状对长尾啮小蜂对寄主卵的搜索行为也有一定的引诱作用，而卵对长尾啮小蜂的引诱作用不明显。     

防范外来危险性害虫红火蚁入侵为害

红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren,是一种危险性农林外来害虫。为警惕该虫的传入,本文对红火蚁的分类地位、形态特征、分布、寄主、危害、生物学特性等作了简要介绍,并提出了预防建议。