3种杀菌剂对小麦叶锈病的防治效果

在小麦叶锈病发病初期,用5％SYP-1620乳油有效浓度20、40、60 nag／kg叶面喷雾,药后14 d的防治效果分别达到89.6％、91.9％、93.6％;对照药剂25％戊唑醇可湿性粉剂40 mg／kg和25％ICIA5504悬浮剂40 mg／kg的防效分别为92.3％和93.3％。结果说明这3种药剂对小麦叶锈病都有很好的防治效果,可推广应用。     

樱桃番茄叶斑病病原菌鉴定及杀菌剂筛选

采用PDA培养基和PD培养基,对樱桃番茄病株病原菌进行分离、培养,经致病性测定,通过形态学和rDNAITS序列分析,确认其致病菌为多主棒孢(Corynespora cassiicola)。采用菌丝生长速率法分别测定6种杀菌剂对多主棒孢的室内毒力和EC_(50)。结果表明,咪鲜胺锰盐对樱桃番茄多主棒孢菌菌丝抑制效果最好,EC_(50)为0.24 mg/L;氟菌.肟菌酯和苯醚甲环唑有较强的抑制作用,EC_(50)分别为4.18 mg/L和5.46 mg/L;春雷霉素抑制效果居中,EC_(50)为29.01mg/L;嘧菌酯和多菌灵的EC_(50)分别为161.35 mg/L和649.05 mg/L,其抑制效果较差。     

Efficacy of some fungicides against leaf scald disease of rice

Abstract

In field evaluation trials nine test fungicides significantly reduced the incidence and severity of leaf scald disease of rice caused by Monographella albescens (Thüm)(Rhynchosporium oryzae Hashioka & Yokogi) and increased the yield. Of these fungicides Difolatan (captafol) and Dithane M‐45 (mancozeb) were more effective than the other fungicides. Relatively longer persistence of fungicidal residues was detected in three test chemicals, i.e., Blitox‐50 (copper oxychloride), Difolatan and Dithane M‐45. Amount of rainfall appeared to be a main weather factor in influencing persistence of a fungicide.     

Monitoring and characterization of resistance development of strawberry Phomopsis leaf blight to fungicides

From 2005 to 2009, a total of 479 single-conidial isolates of Phomopsis obscurans were collected from strawberry. The isolates were characterized for their resistance to benzimidazole fungicides, diethofencarb, and sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs). Low-level DMI resistant isolates (DMI-LR) and two types of benzimidazole-resistant (Ben R) isolates, Ben R1 (benzimidazole-resistant and diethofencarb -sensitive) and Ben R2 (benzimidazole-resistant and diethofencarb -resistant), were detected. Both Ben R and DMI-LR isolates exhibited comparable growth, sporulation, and pathogenicity with the sensitive isolates. No significant difference in growth at low temperature was observed between Ben R and benzimidazole-sensitive (Ben S) isolates. Ben R1 was caused by a point mutation from GAG to GTG at codon 198 in the β-tubulin gene in Ben S isolates, predicted to cause a change from glutamic acid to valine. Ben R2 was induced by a point mutation from TTC to TAC at codon 200 in the β-tubulin gene in Ben S isolates.     

不同杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病和叶锈病的防治效果

为明确不同杀菌剂防治小麦赤霉病和叶锈病的效果,在大田条件下进行了不同杀菌剂对这两种病害的防治试验.对小麦赤霉病的防效结果表明:25％氰烯菌酯SC、20％叶菌唑SC、48％氰烯·戊唑醇SC和200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺SC的防效较好,防效为83.54％～88.92％;其次为400 g/L戊唑·咪鲜胺EW和430 g/L戊唑...     

Screening of fungicides against Corynespora leaf fall disease of rubber under nursery conditions

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Quality planting material is a basic requirement for the increase in productivity levels and one of the key indicators of quality is the health of nursery...     

山茶灰斑病病原菌鉴定及防治药剂初步筛选

为明确引起贵州六盘水山茶灰斑病的致病菌种类和防治方法,用单孢分离法获得3株菌株。通过形态学观察和rDNA-ITS、β-tubulin、tef1多基因序列进行分析,确定该病原菌为葡萄牙拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis portugalica。6种常规杀菌剂室内药效测定结果表明,50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂两种苯并咪唑类杀菌剂在推荐浓度范围内对P.portugalica的抑制率达到了100%,75%百菌清可湿性粉剂在推荐浓度范围内对该病原菌的抑制率也在90%以上;有效成分浓度为250～500 mg/L的70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂和75～300 mg/L的75%百菌清可湿性粉剂可显著促进P.portugalica产孢。     

Control of phytophthora leaf blight of taro (Colocasia esculenta) by fungicides and roguing

Six fungicides were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions for control of Phytophthora leaf blight of taro,Coloeasia esculenta, incited byPhytophthora colocasiae. Inin vitro tests Deraosan 65W was the most effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the test pathogen followed by Difolatan 80W, Fytolan (copper oxychloride), Apron 35F, Topsin-M 50W and Dithane Z-78 75W. Excellent control was obtained with Demosan 65W and Difolatan 80W, good control with Apron 35F, fair control with Fytolan, and poor control with Topsin-M 50W and Dithane Z-78 75W. Results ofin vivo tests were correlated with those of thein vitro tests. Roguing of infected leaves did not eradicate the pathogen but can only delay epiphytotics.     

太子参叶斑病病原菌鉴定及防治药剂筛选

采用形态学结合分子系统学方法对引起贵州黄平县和六枝道地中药材种植基地太子参叶斑病的病原菌进行鉴定,并以菌丝生长法对75%百菌清可湿性粉剂、70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂、37%苯醚甲环唑可湿性粉剂、40%氟硅唑乳油以及1%申嗪霉素悬浮剂进行了室内药效筛选。结果表明:引起贵州太子参叶斑病的病原菌为Ascochyta versabilis,该病原菌为太子参病害新记录;5种杀菌剂除75%百菌清可湿性粉剂2 000倍对A.versabilis的抑菌率较低外(51.4%),其余4种供试杀菌剂均具有较强的抑菌作用。70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂2 000倍、37%苯醚甲环唑可湿性粉剂2 000倍和40%氟硅唑乳油2 000倍对A.versabilis的生长具有较强的抑制作用,其抑制率均高于90%;1%申嗪霉素悬浮剂2 000倍对该病原菌的抑制率为72.3%。     

茭白叶黑斑病的病原鉴定和防治药剂筛选

In recent years, in addition to brown spot disease, leaf black spot has occurred frequently and seriously affected the yield and quality in the production areas of Zizania latifolia in China. In order to identify the pathogen, diseased samples were collected from Lu'an, Suzhou, Tongxiang, Yuhang, Yuyao, Jinhua, Shengzhou. Finally, 90 fungal strains were obtained by tissue isolation method, in which 25 strains causing black spot disease of Z. latifolia was identified as Nigrospora oryzae by morphological observation, multiple sequence alignment analysis and pathogenicity test. Toxicity test of 12 fungicides commonly used in fields was carried out in laboratory conditions. The results showed that the effect of 250 g·L^-1 prochloraz EC was best, with the EC₅₀ of 0.002 mg·L^-1; followed by 30% Pyraclostrobin SC and 60% Difenoconazole WG, with the EC₅₀ of 0.056 and 0.057 mg·L^-1, respectively. Combined with the inhibitory effect of the 12 fungicides on Ustilago esculenta, 250 g·L^-1 prochloraz EC was the best choice as a control agent. This study provided scientific basis for the identification and control of leaf black spot of Z. latifolia.     

Efficacy of different fungicides against the leaf spot of lettuce caused by Allophoma tropica

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The efficacy of different fungicides, belonging to different chemical groups, was in vitro and in vivo tested in glasshouse trials against Allophoma...     

不同杀菌剂对小麦叶锈病的防治效果

小麦叶锈病是威胁我国小麦安全生产的重要病害之一,近年来其发生程度有逐年加重的趋势。为了筛选有效的化学防治药剂,对5种杀菌剂进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,5%烯唑醇微乳剂1 000~2 000倍液、430g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂3 000~5 000倍液、10%氟硅唑微乳剂1 500倍液、1 750倍液、20%丙环唑微乳剂400~800倍液、2%武夷菌素水剂300倍液、400倍液试验处理防效均高于50%。从增产效果来看,20%丙环唑微乳剂600倍液的增产率最高,达到42.33%。5%烯唑醇微乳剂2 000倍液,430g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂5 000倍液兼具高防效和高效益(产出/投入),建议推广使用。     

Effects of fungicides on Drechslera spp. and leaf surface filamentous saprophytic fungi on Lolium perenne

Small plots of Lolium perenne were treated between February and September 1979 with benomyl, triadimefon and chlorothalonil and the incidence and relative abundance of sporulating filamentous fungi measured on distinct lesions and senescent areas of leaves.
Benomyl reduced the levels of most saprophytes but increased the levels of the two Drechslera species present. Triadimefon reduced levels of Drechslera species but allowed an increase in levels of Phoma and Epicoccum and in the number of naturally senescing leaves devoid of obvious filamentous fungal growth. In chlorothalonil-treated plots, levels of all filamentous fungi except Epicoccum were reduced and, by controlling Drechslera species, the number of healthy leaves increased.     

草莓棒孢叶斑病的病原菌鉴定及其对9种杀菌剂的敏感性

对采自山东省诸城市草莓叶斑病发病叶片上的病原菌进行了分离及鉴定,通过室内人工接种法确定该病原菌的致病性,并采用菌丝生长速率法测定了其对双苯菌胺等9种杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明:形态学结合ITS系统发育分析确定该病原菌为多主棒孢霉Corynespora cassiicola。室内毒力测定结果显示:9种供试杀菌剂中,双苯菌胺对C. cassiicola菌丝生长有很强的抑制作用,其平均EC₅₀值为 (0.27 ± 0.18) μg/mL,可作为防治草莓叶斑病的首选药剂;其次为氟环唑、腈菌唑、咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑、嘧菌酯和戊唑醇,平均EC₅₀值分别为 (0.66 ± 0.21)、(0.85 ± 0.25)、(1.4 ± 1.2)、(1.8 ± 0.3)、(3.8 ± 3.0) 和 (4.5 ± 2.6) μg/mL;而该病原菌对百菌清与代森锰锌的敏感性最低。研究结果可为草莓棒孢叶斑病的化学防治提供参考。     

江西槟榔芋疫病病原菌鉴定及室内药剂筛选

为明确江西省九江市槟榔芋疫病的病原菌并有针对性地对该病害进行防治,本研究采集具有典型芋疫病症状的芋叶片和叶柄对病原菌进行分离纯化,结合形态学观察、致病性测定及基于ITS、Ypt1和β-tubulin基因联合系统发育分析对该病原菌进行鉴定,并测定了其对7种杀菌剂的敏感性。根据病原菌菌落、卵孢子形态等特征初步鉴定为芋疫霉Phytophthora colocasiae,基于多基因联合系统发育分析结果与形态学结果一致,确定该病原菌为芋疫霉。室内药剂筛选结果表明,23.4%双炔酰菌胺SC对菌丝生长抑制效果最好,EC₅₀为0.006μg/mL;96.8%烯酰吗啉TC、0.3%丁子香酚SL、20%氟吗啉WP、500 g/L氟啶胺SC、97%霜脲氰TC对菌丝生长的抑制效果也较好,EC₅₀介于0.094～1.272μg/mL之间,研究结果可为槟榔芋疫病的化学防治提供参考。     

三类杀菌剂对牡丹腔孢叶斑病菌生长和发育的影响

腔孢叶斑病是牡丹生产上出现的一种新病害,近几年在洛阳及菏泽牡丹种植园危害越来越重。为了筛选防治该病的化学药剂,本文采用菌丝生长速率法测定了3类8种杀菌剂对病菌菌丝生长的抑制活性,采用涂布平板法测定了多菌灵、戊唑醇及嘧菌酯对病菌孢子萌发和芽管伸长的影响,并在含药平板上测定了3种药剂对病菌产孢量的作用。结果表明:三唑类药剂对病菌菌丝生长的毒力最强,EC50为0.020~0.096μg/mL,且戊唑醇对孢子萌发和产孢也有很强的抑制活性,在0.1μg/mL时孢子即不能萌发;甲氧基丙烯酸酯类药剂对菌丝生长的毒力较强,EC50为0.408~0.939μg/mL,嘧菌酯对芽管伸长和产孢量均表现出很强的抑制活性,10μg/mL时,芽管几乎不再伸长,对产孢的抑制率可达到99%以上;而苯并咪唑类药剂对菌丝生长的毒力较弱,EC50为12.167~30.104μg/mL,多菌灵对孢子萌发的抑制作用弱,100μg/mL时孢子萌发率仍达到90%以上,对产孢的抑制作用也较弱,为63.02%。根据药剂对病菌生长和发育各阶段的影响,生产中应采用适宜的施用方法:戊唑醇和嘧菌酯可作为保护剂在病害发生前期喷施,也可作为治疗剂在病害发生流行期应用,但为防止抗药性菌株的出现,两者应当轮换或复配使用。     

8种杀菌剂对香蕉叶斑病的室内毒力及田间防效

为筛选对香蕉叶斑病防效较好的杀菌剂,开展了8种杀菌剂对其病原菌的室内毒力测定与田间防治试验。结果表明,供试的8种杀菌剂对香蕉叶斑病均具较高毒力和防效。供试杀菌剂对病原菌的有效抑制中浓度EC50为0.98~5.55mg/L,毒力最高的是吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑,其次是肟菌酯·戊唑醇,毒力最低的是戊唑醇。田间最终病指防效为66.62%~81.32%,17%吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑悬浮剂1500倍液防效最高,显著高于其他处理。     

不同杀菌剂对苹果炭疽叶枯病的防治效果

为了筛选出防治苹果炭疽叶枯病的有效杀菌剂, 采用室外先接种后施药和先施药后接种的方法, 测试了6种药剂的内吸治疗效果和8种药剂的保护效果。在病菌侵染后的72 h内使用吡唑醚菌酯, 或在病菌侵染后的24 h内使用咪鲜胺对病斑的显症有一定的治疗效果。波尔多液在喷施后18 d, 对炭疽叶枯病菌侵染的抑制效果仍达50%, 肟菌?戊唑醇、烯酰?吡唑酯和唑醚?代森联3种药剂在施药后的第11天, 其保护效果与对照仍有显著差异, 持效期达11 d, 代森锰锌、甲基硫菌灵、氢氧化铜和咪鲜胺4种保护剂的持效期只能维持6 d。炭疽叶枯病的防治应以波尔多液为主, 并与吡唑醚菌酯等有机杀菌剂交替使用, 有机铜制剂不能替代波尔多液。     

防治玉米叶斑病高效药剂筛选及药剂减施增效技术

为有效防治玉米小斑病和弯孢叶斑病并减少化学农药使用量,本研究采用菌丝生长速率法从11种杀菌剂中选取抑菌效果较好的8种药剂进行田间小区药效试验。同时选取对两种叶部病害兼具防效的最佳药剂再与中量元素水溶肥、腐植酸、氨基寡糖素、芸苔素内酯等产品混配开展田间药效试验,确定该药剂田间施用浓度和增效组合。结果显示,各供试药剂对2种病菌菌丝生长具有不同的抑制作用,其中25%丙环唑EC、25%戊唑醇WP、40%氟硅唑EC、30%氟菌唑WP、12.5%烯唑醇WP在供试各浓度下对2种病菌抑制率均为100%,田间小区药效筛选测定中,25%戊唑醇WP防治效果最好,对玉米小斑病和弯孢叶斑病两种叶部病害防效分别为81.07%和72.22%。田间试验中,25%戊唑醇WP防治玉米小斑病和弯孢叶斑病的最佳施用浓度为2 000倍液,防效分别为59.48%和53.96%。在减量50%情况下防效有所下降,配施氨基寡糖素后,防效可提高37.40百分点和22.98百分点,与最佳施用浓度防效相当,达到了减药增效的作用。     

Inhibitory activity of three types of fungicides on Cladosporium paeoniae and their control efficacy against paeony leaf mold

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Leaf mold, which is cause by Cladosporium paeoniae, is one of the most serious diseases on peony, causing reduced growth, flower discolouration and peony seed...