浅议温岭市城市林业建设

概述了现代城市景观的特点、城市林业概念及城市林业的发展状况,对现代城市进行林业建设提出了一些看法和建议,并就温岭市的城市林业建设进行了探讨。     

东莞城市生活废弃物物流问题与对策

针对东莞垃圾围城现象,运用现代物流和可持续发展理论,分析了东莞城市生活废弃物物流的现状,针对存在的问题,从政府层面的政策引导、奖惩制度、企业层面的积极参与、居民层面的环保意识以及城市生活废弃物回收系统的设计等方面提出了相应的管理对策,以期提供参考。     

城市绿地生态系统及其研究

在概述城市绿地系统概念、构成、分类、特征及功能的基础上，总结了现代城市绿地效益研究、景观评价、景观生态学、信息技术应用、城市植被培育等领域的研究现状，提出了城市绿地系统的发展、规划及研究趋势。     

竹子在现代城市景观设计中的应用

竹子具有美学价值、生态价值、文化价值和经济价值。本文分析了竹子在现代城市景观设计中的应用领域和应用现状,提出了竹子在现代城市景观中的应用策略。     

现代城市公共艺术问题及其对策

随着改革开放的持续发展和不断深入,现代城市公共艺术已经成为人们精神和物质需要。从公共艺术的艺术渊源着手,阐述了现代城市公共艺术设计的基本原则,分析了公共艺术的现状,提出了现代城市公共艺术发展建议。     

城市林业在生态城市建设中的作用

城市林业是现代林业的一个分支,是在以成片森林为主体,乔、灌、草相结合,与城市生态建设相适应,在支撑城市可持续利用的基础上提出来的。改善城市生态状况,丰富城市商品供应,提高城市文化和福利的城市森林生态系统和景观系统及其附属工程的经营和管理水平。因此它是以生态学原理为基础,运用森林经营的原则,达到维持城市生态系统平衡的目的,同时吸收风景园林的美学思想,为城市居民创造现代的生活环境。城市林业的国内外发展概况在国外,城市林业经历了三个阶段:第一阶段为无意识实践阶段;第二阶段为城市林业的概念形成阶段;第三阶段为城市林业…     

可持续发展与现代城市设计初探

阐述了可持续发展的重要性和现代城市设计的内涵和定位,并提出了可持续发展进程中现代城市设计的几点建议。     

城市自然景观的生态效应研究进展

综述了多年来不同专业、不同层面、不同角度对城市自然景观生态效应的研究成果,并基于现代城市景观提出了城市自然景观研究的发展趋势。     

现代城市公共艺术问题及其对策

随着改革开放的持续发展和不断深入，现代城市公共艺术已经成为人们精神和物质需要。从公共艺术的艺术渊源着手，阐述了现代城市公共艺术设计的基本原则，分析了公共艺术的现状，提出了现代城市公共艺术发展建议。     

生态文明建设研究(四).城市生态建设的质量研究

我国城市化过程中存在着重数量轻质量的倾向 ,从城市生态建设的质量看 ,存在着传统城市、园林城市、山水城市或森林城市、现代生态城市 4种模式。由于现代生态城市系统构建是科学的 ,所以它是创建品牌生态城市的基础。创建品牌生态城市要求发展城市绿色经济、培育城市绿色文化、营建城市绿色环境。同时要突出城市的特色 ,发挥优势 ,提高城市个性形象的知名度和美誉度     

薏苡作为花菇原料的利用技术与效益的探讨

在闽东北寿宁山区的大面积薏苡种植区,利用薏苡茎秆作为以草代木栽培花菇试验。结果表明,薏苡屑与杂木屑混合配方原料栽培的花菇比纯薏苡屑原料栽培的花菇效果好,其最佳混合配方比例为:薏苡屑40%、杂木屑38%、麦皮20%、石膏粉1%、红糖1%;能够达到纯杂木屑为原料栽培花菇的水平,薏苡屑、杂木屑混合配方与纯杂木屑栽培的花菇投入产出比分别为1∶2.95和1∶2.80。     

Socio-economic factors affecting smallholder tree planting and management intentions in Leyte Province,Philippines

Survey data have been collected from four rural communities in Leyte Province, the Philippines, on household tree planting and management intentions, as well as the socio-economic characteristics, attitudes to tree planting and management, farming practices and the number of trees planted. In relation to intended tree planting and management activities, respondents were asked a series of structured questions as to what tree species they intend to plant, how many individual trees of each of those species they plan to plant, and for what purpose they propose to plant each of the tree species. This paper reports the results of analyses of the stated tree management intentions of households in the four communities and identifies the socioeconomic factors that influence householders’ tree management intentions. Respondents were generally enthusiastic about the possibility for further tree planting on their land, 75% indicating they would undertake planting. About 60% indicated an interest in commercial tree farming, with no significant differences in this level of interest between communities. It was found that a number of socio-economic variables indicating higher levels of land ownership and previous experience in the forestry industry are related to the intention to plant trees to produce timber for sale. These include the use of materials from public lands, participation in community organisations and community forestry programs, and the present management of trees to produce timber for sale.     

滇南热带造林地林农间作对幼林生长量的影响

为了探索在滇南热带地区造林地进行林农间作对幼林生长的影响,文章选择了6个热带亚热带速生造林树种,定植于景谷益智乡斗母信村造林地上,对每一树种分别采用林农间作管理和一般管理(每年进行两次砍草和铲塘)的两种方式进行幼林管理;定植后3 a时测定保存率、地径、树高、冠幅生长量并进行统计分析。实验结果表明:利用林农间作方式管理造林林地平均可以提高保存率10%,加快地径生长1.98～4.30倍,加快树高生长1.89～4.51倍,使造林地提前1～3 a达到郁闭,而使造林具有较好的效果并减少林地抚育的年限和抚育的投入。     

无性系和株行距对杨树人工林生长和树冠结构的影响

【目的】探索无性系、株行距及两者交互作用对杨树人工林的林木生长和树冠结构的影响。【方法】采用双因素随机试验设计,通过调查36块13年生杨树样地胸径、树高、活枝下高和冠幅等指标,以综合指数法构建3个林分综合指数(生长指数、冠形指数、干冠协调指数)。【结果】南林95杨和南林895杨的胸径、树高和生长指数显著高于南林797杨(P <0.05)。南林797杨的冠幅、树冠体积和树冠圆满度显著高于南林895杨,与南林95杨差异不显著(P> 0.05)。株行距为6 m×6 m和4.5 m×8 m的林分胸径、冠形指数和生长指数均显著高于5 m×5 m和3 m×8 m林分,不同密度林分对树高影响不显著(P> 0.05)。在相同密度条件下,正方形和长方形配置对东西和南北冠幅有显著影响,较大株行距促进树冠生长,但对胸径、树高和平均冠幅等影响不显著(P> 0.05)。无性系和株行距对冠长、活冠比、树冠表面积和干冠协调指数影响均不显著,且无性系和株行距对林木生长和树冠结构均无显著交互作用(P> 0.05)。【结论】杨树无性系对林木胸径、树高和树冠结构的影响大于株行距。综合考虑林木生长和树冠结构等两个方面,在类似的立地条件上,相比于其它无性系和配置方式,以南林95杨在种植株行距为6 m×6 m(278株/hm^2)时具有培育大胸径林木的潜力,适于培育速生、优质大径材。     

Socio-economic determinants of smallholder plantation sizes in Ghana and options to encourage reforestation

Reforestation, particularly in the tropics, is of crucial importance for the environment as well as society. However, small planting areas and low participation of smallholder farmers in tree planting programmes often obstruct realisation of set planting area targets. In this regard, we interviewed smallholder farmers undertaking indigenous species reforestation in Oda Kotoamso community within the Wassa Amenfi West District in Western Region of Ghana with a pre-tested questionnaire to identify (1) key socio-economic factors that predict the size of plantations they establish, (2) options that could encourage tree planting among smallholder farmers, and (3) tree species planted by the smallholder farmers and their conservation status according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Key socio-economic factors were predicted with multiple regression models and ANOVA. Options were ranked on a five-point Likert scale and their differences were tested with the Mann–Whitney U test. Age and income of smallholders are the significant predictors of plantation sizes but farmers’ household size and gender were not significant. Age and income accounted for 77.1% and 22.9%, respectively, of the total variation described by our model (R?² = 38.4%). In order of importance, incentives (mean = 4.35, SD = 0.48), public nurseries (mean = 4.2, SD = 0.82) and agroforestry (mean = 4.06, SD = 0.56) were the options that could encourage reforestation, though incentives and public nurseries were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Almost half (9 of 19) of the tree species planted are categorised as Vulnerable species, which highlights the contribution of smallholder farmers to recovery of threatened tree species. Our findings suggest that sustainable provision of planting materials in incentivised and youth-based tree planting programmes could increase planting hectarage and conserve threatened tree species.     

新围垦滩涂防护林树种选择及造林关键技术研究

新围垦滩涂防护林树种选择及造林一直是林业科研生产中的难点之一。在防护林树种试验过程中,依据生态学原理,通过采用一系列生物、工程和管理措施,提高了造林试验树种的成活率,探索出入侵生物水葫芦的应用途径及特困立地造林的有效措施,也为沿海防护林体系建设提供了可借鉴的经验。     

元谋干热河谷旱坡地雨养酸角早果丰产栽培技术

通过元谋金沙江干热河谷8年的栽培试验，总结出干热河谷坡地雨养型酸角丰产栽培技术，3龄树试花试果率达16.51％；5龄达98％，平均单株产量5.2kg；8龄树平均单株产量达9.8kg。     

施用城市固体垃圾肥对杉木生长的影响

采用完全随机区组设计,分别对杉木造林前穴底、幼林及中龄林施城市固体垃圾肥,以研究该肥对杉木生长的影响．结果表明,杉木造林前穴底施垃圾肥肥效显著,以每穴施 ３７．５ ｋｇ 肥效最好,第２ 年地径、树高生长量分别比对照增加２７．６８％ 和２５．４１％ ;幼林施垃圾肥对杉木生长有一定促进作用,当年肥效不明显,其中 ３７．５ｋ ｇ／株垃圾肥处理在第 ３ 年胸径、树高生长量分别比对照增加２１． ２９％ 和 ２４．１４％ ,不同施肥处理第 ３ 年对杉木生长效应排序为：垃圾肥 ３７．５ ｋｇ／株（记为 Ｌ３７．５）＞ Ｌ２５＞ Ｌ１２．５＞ Ｎ０．２５（尿素０．２５ ｋｇ／株）;杉木中龄林施垃圾肥具有明显增产效应,随时间推移,各施肥处理对杉木生长效应排序为：Ｌ３７．５＞ Ｌ２５＞ Ｎ０．２５＞ Ｌ１２．５．,且肥效渐趋明显     

Increasing rubber planting density to shade Imperata: a bioeconomic modelling approach

The profitability to smallholders of rubber production in Imperata infested areas of Indonesia was assessed using an existing bioeconomic model. An Imperata groundcover component was incorporated within the model as follows: tree girth = f(Imperata groundcover) = f(relative shading) = f(crown height, canopy width, tree spacing) = f(tree girth). The first two relationships represent extensions to the original model.Cumulative tree girth was predicted for rubber planting densities from 400 to 1000 stems/ha. At low tree planting rates, competition from Imperata restricts tree growth. At high tree planting rates, Imperata is controlled, but there are negative consequences from inter-tree competition. These two effects of higher planting rates counterbalanced, such that tree girth was approximately constant across the range of tree densities.Tree girth is a driving force in determining latex yield. Latex yield was translated into present value net economic returns within the model, by reference to prices and costs associated with rubber production in South Sumatra, Indonesia in 1995. Economic returns from planting 400 to 1000 trees/ha were calculated. Rubber growing by smallholders on Imperata infested land, was found to be profitable. Maximum profitability was obtained at 600 trees/ha. However, the sensitivity of net economic returns, with respect to tree density, was not great. This was due to the counterbalancing effects of changes in tree density.     

秦皇岛市园林绿化树种的选择及配置

为了进一步搞好园林绿化，创建美好的城市形象，通过调查分析，对秦皇岛市林绿化树种的选择和配置进行了论述。认为树种选择的原则，在乡土树种为主，选择抗逆性强，既有观赏价值又有经济价值的树种，速生树与长寿树相结合；在树种配置上，应视具体情况，根据园林美学原则，进行孤植，对植，丛植，聚植，林植，充分发挥树木和个体美和群体美的艺术效果。