Te Iwi Maori

The decade started with the 150‐year commemoration of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi that established British governance. This was when Maori were severely and disproportionately affected by the structural adjustment programmes which had reduced their standards of living and thrown them back on their own community resources as government withdrew from community involvement. The continuing conflict between the desire to retain their collective Maori identity and the almost overwhelming forces of assimilation (internally) and globalisation affected fortunes of Maori New Zealanders (internationally). This is best exemplified by the conflict in the Treaty of Waitangi between British sovereignty and Maori tino rangatiratanga. As the decade progressed, government sought a full and final settlement of the many hundreds of historical treaty claims, with a unilateral declaration of what was available ($1 billion). Unilateral actions on either side did little to assuage the long‐standing sense of mutual mistrust between Maori and Pakeha which was fuelled by a hostile mass media. Notwithstanding, ‘progress’ was made, and the twentieth century ended with Maori and Pakeha closer together than they had ever been.     

The challenge of urban Maori: reconciling conceptions of indigeneity and social change

A massive demographic rural-urban shift has taken place within Maori society since the second world war. This demographic shift prompted changes in the structure of some Maori social institutions. Due to a number of factors these new social institutions have not been readily assimilated by Maori cultural practices. Recent battles over the allocation of pre-settlement Treaty assets have brought this issue to the fore, acting as catalysts in the struggle for recognition between evolutionary social change (represented by urban Maori) and the perceived static boundaries of indigenous culture (as represented by modern Iwi). This paper therefore addresses the problems of accommodating social change within ‘static’ cultural frameworks raised by the issue of asset allocation. The paper outlines the historical factors that have allowed incongruities between social structure and culture to emerge in New Zealand Maori society, and provides a number of options for consideration in the hope of resolving this issue.     

Tauponui a Tia: an interpretation of Maori landscape and land tenure

In the mid-1950s Professor R. Gerard Ward carried out his first significant research project as a graduate student in the ‘Taupo country’– a diverse volcanic landscape with a rich Maori history in the central North Island of New Zealand. This paper traces my own ‘journeys’ into the Taupo country and my association with the complexities of both historical and contemporary understandings and realities of Maori land tenure. I use several specific examples, and draw on a variety of experiences to argue that the ‘Taupo country’ cannot be understood without an appreciation of the enduring Maori values which still permeate society and land tenure in New Zealand’s ‘volcanic desert’ landscape. Despite legislative efforts to impose on Maori a title system derived from British property law, and all the subsequent pressures to assimilate, enduring Maori values intertwined with ancestry and identity cannot be ignored either in reconstructions of the history or in current planning for the future of the Taupo region.     

Restitution of fishing rights to Maori: representation,social justice and community development

For a quarter of a century, the government of New Zealand has been engaged in a process of restitution of property to Maori. Although land is the main object of Maori claims for restitution, rights to fisheries are also important. The nature of these rights is being influenced by findings of the Waitangi Tribunal and determined by legislation and judicial decisions. Both the definition of customary rights of Maori and the allocation of commercial fishing assets between urban Maori and members of traditional tribes present difficult questions not fully resolved. One principle that does appear to be settled is that full restitution is not feasible. Instead, both government and Maori seek settlements that will provide a firm foundation for community and economic development.     

Maori1 commercial fisheries governance in Aotearoa2/New Zealand within the bounds of a neoliberal fisheries management regime

Recent literature on natural resource governance has highlighted the consequences of a strong imprint of neoliberal political ideologies on current environmental policies. A parallel theme in the recent literature relates to claims pertaining to ownership and management of natural resources by indigenous minorities in post‐colonial Western democracies who have been historically marginalised and impoverished by the aftermath of European colonisation. Recently, in order to respond to indigenous demands to settle long‐standing grievances for the return of their ancestral lands and natural resources, some post‐colonial governments have encouraged the development of indigenous self‐governance and co‐management initiatives to manage natural resources such as fisheries and forests. Based on a study of the recent Maori fisheries restitution policy initiatives in Aotearoa/New Zealand, this paper presents a preliminary interrogation of the new hybrid indigenous fisheries governance spaces within the bounds of a neoliberal fisheries management regime.     

The

This paper describes a digitization detection method harmonic analysis method which is used for detecting the dielectric loss of the electric equipments.The principle of this method and its characteristics of hardware circuits are introduced also.The testing results in the lab and the field show that this method can measure the dielectric loss rather stably and accurately.     

植物声频控制技术在玉米、向日葵上应用初探

植物声频控制技术以植物经络系统新理论为基础,并精确地测定出植物自发声和接受声的频率,同时根据植物生物学特性与环境因子之间的关系对植物施加特定频率的声波处理,使植物匹配吸收、发生谐振,促进各种营养元素的吸收、运输和转化,从而增强了植物的光合和吸收能力,促进生长发育。     

哈素海水库渔业综合开发可行性研究

通过对哈素海渔业资源的分析研究,依据水库养殖生态学原理,在哈素海水库进行粗放式养殖,网围养殖,池塘养殖,垂钓养殖,得出提高哈素海水库养殖产量和经济效益的可行性生产模式,使渔业生态效益和经济效益提高到更高水平.     

新形势下南繁基地建设面临的重任

阐述了南繁基地的战略地位和重大意义,针对南繁的发展现状、现实问题和面临的新形势,提出了建设现代化南繁基地的对策措施,作为推进我国现代种业的重要工作。     

The Grapevine

The Grapevine is intended to be of service to our readers by providing an informal section for the presentation of comments, news of regional development, and anything else pertaining to the area. We invite readers’ reactions and contributions. Our address is Grapevine Author, Growth and Change, College of Business and Economics, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506.     

The Grapevine

Contributions to The Grapevine are welcome. We would be happy to relay information concerning meetings, call for papers, publications, and other topics relevant to regional development. Contact the Grapevine Author, Growth and Change, 644 Maxwelton Court, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506.