云南萝芙木叶愈伤组织诱导与植株再生

研究了云南萝芙木叶愈伤组织的诱导及器官发生条件．结果表明：诱导愈伤组织的培养基为Ms＋2,4-D2．0mg／L＋6-BA0．5mg／L;诱导愈伤组织芽分化和增殖的培养基分别为MS＋6-BA3．0mg／L＋NAA0．05mg／L和MS＋6BA3.0mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L;根分化的最适培养基为1／2 MS＋NAA0．8mg／L;生根苗经练苗后移栽,成活率达90N,生长良好．     

竹子愈伤组织培养与植株再生

一、概况:竹子为我国南方最重要的经济植物,它以其种类繁多,分布广泛而著称于世。关于竹子组织培养研究,在国外仅印度、泰国等少数国家开展,其培养方法基本属于促进节芽萌生的微繁殖体系。在我国,关于竹子组培尚未见有报导,特别是通过愈伤组织培养从中产生具胚性细胞分化成再生植株,这对于目前正在进行的竹子单细胞液体悬浮培养以及进而分离具高活力原生质体等方面研究都具有极其重要的参考价值。     

长白楤木腋芽愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

为了在短时间内获得充足的长白楤木苗木,以腋芽为材料进行了其愈伤组织诱导和植株再生研究.结果表明,长白楤木腋芽愈伤组织诱导最佳培养基为MS+BA 1.5 mg/L+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L,诱导率达100%;最佳不定芽分化培养基为MS+BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L+IAA 0.2 mg/L,分化率可...     

“红国王”红掌愈伤组织的诱导与植株再生

以"红国王"红掌1年生盆栽的幼嫩叶片、叶柄为外植体,对其进行愈伤组织诱导及植株再生进行了研究,建立了"红国王"高效再生体系。结果表明:以茎段和叶片为外植体时最适宜诱导愈伤组织的培养基均为:MS(1/2NH4NO3)+6-BA1.0mg/L+2,4-D0.4mg/L;叶片较茎段更易获得愈伤组织;最适宜芽分化的培养基为:MS(1/2NH4NO3)+6-BA1.0mg/L+6-KT1.5mg/L+CH100mg/L;继代增殖培养基和生根培养基分别以MS+6-BA0.2~0.8mg/L和1/2MS+NAA0.5mg/L为最佳;以泥炭与珍珠岩4:1配比,pH值调制5.8左右,移栽成活率达95%以上。     

红国王愈伤组织的诱导与植株再生

以红国王1年生盆栽的幼嫩叶片、叶柄为外植体,对其进行愈伤组织诱导及植株再生进行了研究,建立了红国王高效再生体系。结果表明:以茎段和叶片为外植体时最适宜诱导愈伤组织的培养基均为:MS(1/2NH4NO3)+6-BA1.0mg/L+2,4-D0.4mg/L;叶片较茎段更易获得愈伤组织;最适宜芽分化的培养基为:MS(1/2NH4NO3)+6-BA1.0 mg/L+6-KT1.5mg/L+CH100mg/L;继代增殖培养基和生根培养基分别以MS+6-BA0.2⁰.8mg/L和1/2MS+NAA0.5mg/L为最佳;以泥炭与珍珠岩4∶1配比,pH值调制5.8左右,移栽成活率达95%以上。     

三角梅愈伤组织诱导和植株再生

以三角梅(Bougainvillea glabra choisy.)当年生枝条为材料,比较研究不同激素配比条件下外植体愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生。结果表明:三角梅茎段在MS+6-BA 0.3mg/L+NAA 0.05mg/L培养基上,可诱导出愈伤组织,愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L,经再分化可获得无性系芽,继而产生丛生芽;将高度大于3cm的增殖芽接种于添加1/2MS+IAA 1.0mg/L培养基上可诱导产生不定根,生根率高达50%。生根后移栽成活,获得完整再生植株。     

杉木愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以杉木成熟合子胚为起始外植体,研究了基本培养基、植物激素、凝固剂种类、有机附加物等因素对杉木愈伤组织的诱导、愈伤组织的继代培养及不定芽分化的影响。结果表明:1/2MS+2,4D2mg/L+6-BA1mg/L+KT1mg/L+糖30g/L是成熟合子胚诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基;1/2MS+2,4-D1mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L+KT0.5mg/L+糖30g/L适于杉木愈伤组织继代增殖;改良MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+KT1.5mg/L+蔗糖30g/L是诱导不定芽发生的最佳培养基。     

枣叶片愈伤组织的诱导和器官分化

在改良 B_5培养基上,枣叶片愈伤组织的形成主要受细胞分裂素 BA 的影响,浓度在100mg/1时,培养20天诱导率达100%,生长素 IBA 只起调节愈伤组织生长状态的作用;愈伤组织的器官分化受 IBA 和 BA 浓度的影响很大,其分化类型取决于 IBA/BA 的浓度比值。     

南蛇藤愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生

以南蛇藤无菌苗子叶、上胚轴及幼根为材料,比较研究不同激素配比条件下不同外植体愈伤组织的诱导、分化及植株再生。结果表明:上胚轴是诱导产生胚性愈伤组织的最佳外植体;愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA(0.5mg/L)+NAA(0.5¹.0mg/L);愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA(0.5mg/L)和MS+6-BA(2.0mg/L)+IBA(0.11.0mg/L);愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA(0.5mg/L)和MS+6-BA(2.0mg/L)+IBA(0.1⁰.5mg/L);芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+6-BA(1.00.5mg/L);芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+6-BA(1.0².0mg/L)+NAA(0.1mg/L),增殖系数平均达7.05;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.1mg/L,生根率达88%。     

杨树新品种'丹红杨'

丹红杨是以美洲黑杨50号杨和36号杨为亲本,通过杂交获得的杨树新品种,雌株;速生,平均年胸径生长量4～8 cm;耐桑天牛,感虫率低于20%;干形通直;易生根,成苗率及造林成活率均在95%以上.     

Gas exchange characteristics of Populus trichocarpa, Populus deltoides and Populus trichocarpa x P. deltoides clones

Responses of net photosynthesis, dark respiration, photorespiration, transpiration, and stomatal conductance to irradiance, temperature, leaf-to-air vapor density difference (VDD), and plant water stress were examined in two Populus trichocarpa clones (one from a moist, coastal climate in western Washington and one from a dry, continental climate in eastern Washington), one P. deltoides clone, and two P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides clones. Light saturation of photosynthesis in greenhouse-grown trees occurred at about 800 micromol m(-2) s(-1) for P. deltoides, P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides, and the eastern Washington ecotype of P. trichocarpa, but at about 600 micromol m(-2) s(-1) for the western Washington ecotype of P. trichocarpa. Average net photosynthesis (at saturating irradiance and the optimum temperature of 25 degrees C) was 20.7, 18.8, 18.2 and 13.4 micromol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1) for P. deltoides, P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides, and the eastern and western Washington clones of P. trichocarpa, respectively. In all clones, net photosynthesis decreased about 14% as VDD increased from 3 to 18 g H(2)O m(-3). Stomatal conductance decreased sharply with decreasing xylem pressure potential (XPP) in all clones except the western Washington clone of P. trichocarpa. Stomata in this clone were insensitive to changes in XPP and did not control water loss. Complete stomatal closure (stomatal conductance < 0.05 cm s(-1)) occurred at about -2.0 MPa in the eastern Washington clone of P. trichocarpa and around -1.25 MPa in the P. deltoides and P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides clones. Transpiration rates were highest in the P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides clone and lowest in the western Washington clone of P. trichocarpa. The P. deltoides clone and eastern Washington clone of P. trichocarpa had the highest water use efficiency (WUE) and the western Washington clone of P. trichocarpa had the lowest WUE. The hybrids were intermediate. It was concluded that: (1) gas exchange characteristics of eastern and western Washington clones of P. trichocarpa reflected adaptation to their native environment; (2) crossing the western Washington clone of P. trichocarpa with the more drought resistant P. deltoides clone produced plants better adapted to the interior Pacific Northwest climate, although the stomatal response to soil water deficits in the hybrid was conservative compared with that of the eastern Washington clone of P. trichocarpa; and (3) introducing eastern Washington clones of black cottonwood into breeding programs is likely to yield lines with favorable growth characteristics combined with enhanced WUE and adaptation to soil water deficits.     

杨树EST-SSR标记的开发

利用来自美洲黑杨及欧美杨的20 023条EST序列,进行EST-SSR标记开发研究.首先对这些EST序列进行序列拼接,然后在非重复序列中发现由二核苷酸至五核苷酸组成的SSR重复序列.共在10 816个非重复序列中发现1 604个序列含有SSR,占总非重复序列的14.8%.在发现的1 918个SSR重复序列中,二核苷酸重复是最丰富的重复类型,占总类型的62.3%.设计合成48对SSR引物,利用6个不同的杨树品种对其进行验证.结果约90%的引物获得扩增产物,58%的引物在6个不同杨树品种中产生多态性分离.另外,还对重复序列的数量及重复类型进行了讨论.     

南方型美洲黑杨基因库物候期及生长比较

以美国不同区域引种的美洲黑杨为材料建立基因库,通过对基因库资源物候期和生长调查发现,基因库资源内存在普遍的遗传变异,遗传多样性丰富。落叶晚的系号比落叶早的系号最长可多60 d左右的生长期;相关分析发现,叶片长、宽、叶宽基距等决定叶片大小的指标与树高和胸径呈负相关,甚至达到显著或极显著水平,说明单个叶片越大越不利于植株材积量增加。正态分布检验结果为树高、叶片长、叶柄长呈显著正态分布(P0.05),而其他特征虽然不呈显著正态分布(P0.05),但峰度和偏度值也较低,接近正态分布;基因库资源中不同性状变异系数从11%到29%不等。胸径超出群体均值25%的系号有32个,占到总数的7.13%。总体上,引进的美洲黑杨资源变异丰富,选育潜力巨大。     

野葛愈伤组织诱导与不定芽分化

采用MS为基本培养基，附加NAA、6-BA和IAA3种激素．诱导野葛不同外植体愈伤组织形成；再将愈伤组织接种在不同浓度6-BA的MS培养基上．分别在光照和黑暗条件下进行不定芽的诱导。结果表明．野葛幼叶、茎段和顶芽在适宜激素的诱导下均能形成愈伤组织，但不同激素组合其愈伤组织诱导率不同。幼叶愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS NAA1．0mg／L 6-BA1．0mg/L．其诱导率为75％．茎段愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS NAA1．0mg／L 6-BA3．0mg／L IAA0．2mg/L，其诱导率为70％。不同外植体形成的愈伤组织其不定芽的分化诱导率不同．茎段愈伤组织在不同浓度6-BA下均能诱导出不定芽；光照有利于芽的分化．在光培养条件下，茎段愈伤组织不定芽平均诱导率为66．7％。     

辽育3号杨的抗逆性测试

辽育3号杨(Populus deltoides‘L iaoyu3’)是辽宁省杨树研究所选育的新品种,在选育过程中,对其抗寒性、抗病及抗虫能力进行了测试,从测试结果可以看出:该品种能抗-47.84--43.93℃的低温;在抗水泡溃疡病方面,发病率低于小钻杨,与对照达到极显著差异;抗杨干象能力明显高于亲本和对照品种。     

滇杨与美洲黑杨派间杂交育种试验初报

本研究以青杨派中的滇杨为母本,黑杨派中的美洲黑杨为父本,采用人工切枝水培杂交技术进行了滇杨×美洲黑杨的杂交工作,获得了一定数量的杂种苗。今后将结合表型性状和分子标记技术对杂种苗和亲本进行遗传变异分析,探索和研究滇杨×美洲黑杨杂交育种的遗传变异规律,亲子鉴定和早期选育的遗传基础。     

虎杖愈伤组织的诱导及其白藜芦醇形成初探

将虎杖P olygonum cusp id a tum不同外植体经不同消毒时间处理后,接种在添加不同激素种类和水平的相同基本培养基上或相同激素种类和水平基本培养基上进行诱导实验,同时对根和根茎芽、叶、韧皮诱导的愈伤组织进行白藜芦醇含量的测定.结果表明:基本培养基以M S较好,外植体叶对激素种类较为敏感,其中适当浓度的NAA诱导愈伤组织比2,4-D的效果好,KT比BA好,添加KT的培养基上诱导愈伤组织比较紧密,有利于分化,在M S+NAA 2 m g/L+KT 0.1 m g/L培养基上诱导愈伤组织较好,根茎芽的诱导率最高,为73%;愈伤组织的生长趋势从接种的第3天开始生长,到21 d时生长达到最高峰,干质量为0.461 2 g,以后生长速度减慢;对不同材料诱导的愈伤组织进行白藜芦醇含量的测定,其中根茎部芽的诱导的愈伤组织中白藜芦醇含量最高,其次是叶和根,最低的为韧皮.     

美洲黑杨无性系苗期生长与蒸腾特性研究

对12个美洲黑杨无性系苗期生长、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率及其影响因子的相关性进行研究,结果表明：各无性系的蒸腾速率日变化均呈单峰曲线规律,最大值出现在14：00左右.日平均蒸腾速率的大小次序为：tn01-n58＞ tn02-16＞ tn01-38＞ tn05-n53＞ tn04-n31＞xl-90＞ la06-n30＞ tn01-30＞ tn01-90＞ tn04-n52＞tn02-13＞ tn01-78;水分利用效率的大小次序为：tn01-90＞ la06-n30＞ tn02-13＞ tn04-n52＞ tn01-78＞ xl-90＞ tn01-n58＞ tn05-n53＞ tn02-16 ＞tn01-30＞ tn04-n31＞ to01-38.蒸腾速率与G5、VpdL、Tair和PAR呈正相关,与Ci和RH呈负相关;蒸腾速率与影响因子的相关程度依次为：PAR＞Gs＞ RH＞Tair＞Ci＞ VpdL;苗期的平均地径、苗高与Pn、Cond、RH、PAR呈正相关,与VpdL、Tair呈负相关.     

Characterization and identification of leaf morphology of Populus deltoides Bartr.clones

Leaves are of fundamental importance to plants,representing their facility to generate power and are the sensing units of plants towards the environment.An attempt was made to characterize and compare the variations of leaf morphology of various Populus deltoides Bartr.clones by studying the winter buds and other leaf parameters of fully developed leaves.To achieve these objectives,forty-three exotic and indigenous clones of P.deltoides Bartr.were evaluated for different parameters.On the basis of various morphological characteristics the results reveal that each clone has a distinct color pattern of leaves.Different colors observed in these clones varied from light green through green to dark green.Two distinct lengths of the leaf apex were found,i.e.,short and long; as well both acuminate and acute apex types were found.Erratic distribution of serration of leaves was also found.In this study,the morphological traits of leaves provided discriminatory grounds for separating various populations of P.deltoides Bartr.clones.Winter bud studies indicate that different clones vary considerably with regard to shape,color,shape of leaf scars and exudation.