粮堆局部处理机对小麦仓上层的实仓熏蒸杀虫试验

本次试验针对小麦仓中上层局部生虫问题，采用粮堆局部处理机环流熏蒸，一次投药，总计熏蒸处理11天。试验证明：PH3浓度大于300ppm能够维持7天，100-300ppm能够维持3天。处理部位害虫全部杀死，实仓生物试验，成虫的死亡率也为100％，虫粮经温室培养42天后检查F1代均为零。     

散装稻谷局部环流熏蒸实仓试验

在局部虫害较严重的稻谷仓进行为期8天的局部环流熏蒸，结果表明：07型粮堆局部处理机进行粮堆局部环流熏蒸有效处理面积达20m^2左右(深度5～6m)，经一次投药0．8kg，大部分区域PH3浓度100～300mL／m^3可保持6～8天，边沿区域(离中心半径2．6m)的上层及表层PH3浓度稍低。实仓杀虫效果检查：处理区域内表层0．5m以下害虫全部杀死，对表层发现的少许活虫，也提出了相应的对策。     

局部膜下环流熏蒸试验报告

粮堆中局部垂直部位生虫,采用粮堆局部环流设备结合PVC管布袋施药法进行局部环流熏蒸,一次性投药,密闭熏蒸时间为20d。试验表明,PH3浓度在200mL／m^3以上可保持15d,密闭性能较好,处理的局部害虫死亡率达到100％。     

粮堆局部处理机实仓熏蒸杀虫试验

采用粮堆局部处理机解决了高大平房仓大粮堆局部生虫的问题，对处理区内粮温，水分无大的影响，人工、耗电量、药剂用量大大降低。该机可用于熏蒸、整仓通风和新仓干燥。     

高大平房仓硫酰氟熏蒸杀虫效果研究

研究了硫酰氟在高大平房仓中的实仓熏蒸杀虫效果。研究结果表明,硫酰氟熏蒸可有效控制储粮害虫。硫酰氟熏蒸CT值为840 g·h·m^-3～905 g·h·m^-3、熏蒸72 h后,分别在熏蒸结束后第3周和第6周取样,发现粮堆中不同部位的活虫数均为0;熏蒸结束后,粮堆各部位预埋虫笼中的谷蠹、锈赤扁谷盗成虫,以及赤拟谷盗的成虫和幼虫的死亡率均为100%。筛除受试昆虫后,将饲料中的残留害虫进行培养,8周后发现饲料中的活虫数均为0。本研究结果可为利用硫酰氟在高大平房仓进行熏蒸杀虫提供参考信息。     

锈赤扁谷盗[Cryptolestes ferrgineus(Stephens)]对磷化氢抗性的初步调查和防治建议

一、前言磷化氢多年来一直是我国国家粮仓使用最普遍的一种熏蒸杀虫剂。但是,近年来,广东省各地的基层粮所有关同志反映,经磷化氢熏蒸处理后1—2个月的粮食,首先发现活动性害虫是第二食性的锈赤扁谷盗,而且密度也比较大。据本文作者的调查,每公斤粮食(三号籼稻)中少则数十头,多则数百头,有些竟多达千余头。在粮堆中,大量出现锈赤扁谷盗,其危害性很大,可引起粮堆局部发热,发生水份转移;严重的可使粮面结露以至霉变。此外,也容易降低粮食品质。关于储粮害虫对磷化氢产生抗性,国内外曾有过许多研究。但是,有关锈赤扁谷盗对磷     

浅圆仓储粮应用磷化氢熏蒸的建议

本文对浅圆仓储粮中需要进行磷化氢熏蒸时的几种情况进行了讨论，包括粮堆基本均温时的熏蒸处理、冬后负温差粮的熏蒸、空间与表层的熏蒸、局部或深层部位的害虫熏蒸等，并对这几种情况下可采用的措施和应注意的问题提出了建议。     

华南地区非新建库害虫综合防治探讨

1前言 长期以来，对粮堆采取熏蒸杀虫措施，一般都要等到粮堆中检查出若干头害虫时才进行，也就是说对储粮害虫存在一定的容忍度。各种粮油期刊、以及实际储粮工作中的统计资料表明：采取熏蒸杀虫措施时，粮堆中一般都能检查到2～30头／kg（不计书虱、螨类）储粮害虫，     

立筒仓局部环流熏蒸杀虫试验

利用粮堆局部处理机对立筒仓进行局部环流熏蒸试验，可有针对性地杀死局部害虫，节省用药量，降低能耗，减少储粮损失，提高经济效益。     

平房仓硫酰氟浓度渗透衰减规律初探

为探索硫酰氟在粮食熏蒸杀虫中的应用,解决扁谷盗等储粮害虫难以彻底杀死、磷化铝生产受限、残渣处理环保等问题,对平房仓粮食进行硫酰氟熏蒸杀虫试验,适时对粮堆各层硫酰氟浓度进行检测,评价害虫防治效果,探索平房仓硫酰氟浓度渗透衰减变化规律。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.