兽用胃动力注射液的毒理学试验研究

为提供胃动力注射液的安全性毒理学评价资料,本试验采用改良Ｋａｒｂｅｒ法测定小鼠ＬＤ５０;以剂量递增法测定蓄积性和耐受性,分别以剂量１．３８１,０．５８２,０．２７６ｍｇ／ｋｇ为３个试验组,设阴性和阳性对照组进行小鼠骨髓微核试验,分别以剂量２．１５４,１．０７７,０．５３９ｍｇ／ｋｇ为３个剂量组,设阴性和阳性对照组进行了有子畸形试验,结果表明：其ＬＤ５０为２．７６２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,蓄积系数大于５．３,无明显蓄积毒性和耐受性（Ｐ〉０．０５）,小鼠骨髓微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性。     

球敌的急性毒性（LD50）测定

用简化寇氏法对球敌的ＬＤ５０进行了测定。以１：０．８的组间剂量比测得球敌对小鼠和雏鸡口服的ＬＤ５０分别为５ ７４６ｍｇ／ｋｇ和６ ０８８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，９５％可信限分别为６ ５２５～５ ０６１ｍｇ／ｋｇ和６ ８９４～５ ３７４ｍｇ／ｋｇ，符合微毒（实际无毒）标准。     

阿维菌素浇注剂对牛皮蝇第三期幼虫的驱杀效果试验

将自然感染牛皮蝇第三期幼虫的杂交牛分成５组,每组１０头,第１－４组分别用阿维菌素浇注剂０,２,０．４和０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重剂量皮肤浇注给药和阿维菌素注射液０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重剂量皮下注射,第５组为不治疗对照组。治疗后第７,１５,３０和４５ｄ连续检查结果,在阿维菌素浇注剂０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量组各发现１头牛皮下有１个第三期幼虫存活,两组的驱杀率和治愈率都分别为９９．４％和９０．０％,     

中兽药胃动力散的安全性研究

为提供胃动力散的安全性毒理学评价资料，采用改良Ｋａｒｂｅｒ法测定小鼠ＬＤ５０；以剂量递增法测定小鼠蓄积性和耐受性；分别以剂量２２３９０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、８９６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、４４８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ为３个试验组，设阴性和阳性对照组进行小鼠骨髓微核试验；分别以剂量３６０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１８０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、９０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ为３个剂量组，设阴性和阳性对照组进行小鼠精子畸形试验，结果表明：其中ＬＤ５０为４４７７８ｍ     

阿维菌素对小鼠雌性生殖细胞的致突变性研究

阿维菌素是我国生产的一种高效广谱抗寄生虫抗生素，对动物的消化道线虫和外寄生虫有很强的驱杀作用。本文选择了第二次减数分裂中期相（ＭＩＩ）卵母细胞和第一次分裂中期相合子染色体畸变分析方法，研究其对哺乳动物雌性生殖细胞的遗传毒性。１．ＭＩＩ卵母细胞染色体畸变分析：根据阿维菌素的小鼠急性毒性试验结果（小鼠经口ＬＤ５０＝１９．１９ｍｇ／ｋｇ），设以下剂量组：１．９２、３．８４和９．６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ（约相当于１     

硒对鸭镉中毒保护效应的研究

６６只３日龄天府肉鸭随机分为６组,其中一组每日上、下午灌服蒸馏水作为试验对照组,另５组每日早晨灌以１／２０ＤＬ５０（１４．４７ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重）的氯化镉水溶液作试验组,试验Ⅰ－Ⅳ组每日下午分别再灌以３．３９、１．６９、０．８５、０．４２ｍｇ／ｋｇ的硒,第Ⅴ组灌服蒸馏水。试验期６周,其发病率和死亡率分另为１０／１１、９／１１、１０／１１、１０／１１、１１／１１、和４／１１、３／１１、２／１１、４／１１     

肉鸡三氧化二砷急性毒性试验研究

用Ｗｅｉｌ’ｓ表的平均移动法进行了Ａｓ２Ｏ３对肉鸡的ＬＤ５０测定,以组间距（对数剂量差值）为ｄ＝０．０５８７,,测得Ａｓ２Ｏ３对肉鸡口服的ＬＤ５０为２４．４９３４ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重,９５％可信限为２０．２３４８－２９．６５５１ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重。     

南昌霉素A的毒性研究

南昌霉素Ａ对ＩＣＲ小鼠灌胃ＬＤ５０为３３．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，蓄积系数为４．３，表明该药有剧毒并有中等蓄积。亚慢性毒性试验表明，大鼠连续饲喂２５、５０、１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ浓度药科３０ｄ，其中２５ｇ／ｋｇ组大鼠的一般观察，饲料利用率、血象和血液生化指标以及病理学检查结果与对照组无明显差异。     

体外培育抗苏拉灭伊氏锥虫克隆

将３个苏拉灭敏感的伊氏锥虫原种的克隆连续培养于改良Ｂａｌｔｚ无细胞培养系统中，通过逐步提高培养基中苏拉灭的含量，培育了３个抗苏拉灭的伊氏锥虫克隆─ＪＧｃ１－１６０、ＪＸ－１ｃ１－１６０和ＺＪｃ１－１４０。它们体外药敏试验的ＩＣ５０依次为３５８．５、４１２．３和２４６．４μｇ／ｍＬ，是各自亲本克隆的１２９２．５、１８７４．１和１７６０．ｏ倍；小鼠治疗试验的ＣＤ１００，对免疫功能正常小鼠依次为８０、１２０和３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，为各自亲本克隆的５．３、８．０和３．０倍，对免疫抑制小鼠为２５０、３００和１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，分别是相应免疫正常小鼠的３．１、２．５和３．３倍。试验结果表明，抗锥虫药治疗剂量不足和宿主免疫功能不全是导致产生抗药虫株的重要因素，各自既可单独发挥作用，又可相互协同。本文报道了体外培育伊氏锥虫抗药虫株的方法，这一方法对研究锥虫抗药性具有重要作用。     

腐霉素的安全性及药效研究：II.腐霉素的致畸作用

本文研究了腐霉素钠盐对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠的致畸作用。传统致畸试验，以１／５、１／１５、１／４５及１／３５ＬＤ５０ ４个剂量的腐霉素进行试验，结果表明，１／５ＬＤ５０组孕鼠已出现体重下降和死亡、吸收胎率和死胎率升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）诸现象，但各剂量组未产生明显的致畸作用（Ｐ＞０．０５）。喂养致畸试验以１／１０、１／５０及１／１００ＬＤ５０ ３个剂量的腐霉素连续混料饲喂大鼠９０天，然后交配检查，结果表明各     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.