复合菌剂对仔猪腹泻和生产性能影响的研究

为了探讨复合菌剂对仔猪腹泻和生产性能的影响，选择在哺乳仔猪和断奶仔猪日粮中活加复合菌，结果表明，添加复合菌剂可显著提高仔猪增重和饲料报酬（Ｐ〈０．０５），极显著地降低仔猪腹淀率（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

SPF雏鸡感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒后白细胞介素2和干扰素诱生 …

对１日龄ＳＰＦ雏鸡人工感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒（ＲＥＶ）后,胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）诱生活性于１４￣４９ｄ极显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;脾Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性于１４ｄ明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,感染后２１￣４９ｄ极显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;脾Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性于１４ｄ极显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）;脾淋巴细胞干扰素（ＩＦＮ）的诱生活性于感染后７￣４９ｄ极显著     

马立克氏病乌黑鸡群血清学研究

对４月龄感染了马立克氏病的２月龄－６月龄乌黑鸡群血清蛋白及血清酶的研究结果表明;２月龄～３月龄健康乌黑鸡如血清蛋白升高极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）,血清ＡＬＰ活性下降显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）,ＡＭＳ活性下降不明显（Ｐ〉０．０５）,ＣＨＥ活性升高不明显（Ｐ〉０．０５）,４月龄感染ＭＤ后,血清蛋白显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）,而后,白脓月回升,变化均不明显（Ｐ〉０．０５）,白蛋白在５月龄再次极显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０５     

中药“母仔康”对母猪乳腺炎的治疗试验

“母仔康”能显著降低阳性乳区乳中白细胞和乳汁ＰＨ值及乳汁凝集度；其注射液使小白鼠腹腔吞噬百分比、吞噬指数极显著增加（Ｐ〈０．０１）；使兔血液中嗜中性粒细胞，淋巴细胞、单核细胞显著增多（Ｐ〈０．０５）；白细胞总数、Ｔ细胞极显著增加（Ｐ〈０．０１）：免疫尿ＰＨ值变化不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）；尿蛋白、尿潜血反应的均为阴性；耐受性试验安全。     

多效唑在草坪建植中的应用

在草坪建植过程中,喷施多效唑能明显控制草坪草枝条徒长（Ｐ〈０．０１）;增加叶片宽度,对早熟禾极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）,对剪股颖显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）;促进分蘖效果显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）;增加根量效果明显（Ｐ〈０．０５）。总之,喷施多效唑效果好。     

中药制剂产后康复宁的药理研究

应用ＬＭＳ－２Ｂ二道生理记录仪及配套装置,通过免疫器官重量法和鸡红细胞（ＣＲＢＣ）作免疫原的溶血素（ＩｇＭ）测定法及体内抑菌试验法,观测了中药制剂产后康复宁对家兔离体、在位子宫和小鼠免疫功能的影响,以及对感染大肠杆菌Ｋ８８小鼠的保护作用。结果表明,产后康复宁可使兔离体子宫收缩频率显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）,张力显著增强（Ｐ＜０．０１）,振幅显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）;与麦角相比,仅５ｍｉｎ相同时间的子宫收缩频率差异明显（Ｐ＜０．０５）,其余相同时间子宫收缩频率、张力、振幅均无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。使在位子宫收缩频率明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,张力明显增强（Ｐ＜０．０５）,振幅明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;与麦角比较,子宫收缩频率、张力、振幅在５、１０ｍｉｎ相同时间内差异均不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）。对免疫功能的影响,不但使小鼠脾脏显著增重（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而且溶血素明显增多（Ｐ＜０．０５）。对感染大肠杆菌Ｋ８８的小鼠有明显的保护作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示产后康复宁有增强子宫收缩,促使宫内恶露排除,加速子宫复旧,增强机体免疫功能等作用。     

仔猪断奶腹泻及断奶前期限饲对增重的影响

开展了对３６窝２９７头断乳仔猪腹泻频率及断奶前期限饲对增重的影响试验。试验表明,仔猪多在断奶后３～４天开始腹泻,６～９天腹泻达到高峰,三周内腹泻面可达７９．３％;２３．６％的仔猪在断奶后一周内失重,平均日增重为－５１．６克;不同腹泻频率对仔猪后期增重差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）;仔猪断奶始重（Ｘ１）和前期日增重（Ｘ２）对保育期全程日增重（ｙ）相关极显著（ｒ１＝０．２５９,ｒ２＝０．４５９,Ｐ〈０．０１）,经回归分析,回归关系显著（ｙ＝２１４．３１＋１５．９５Ｘ１,ｙ＝３３９．２＋０．４８Ｘ２,Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

雏鸡成髓细胞性白血病强毒感染后超氧化物歧化酶活性的变化

３日龄肉用ＡＡ雏鸡成髓细胞性白血病强毒（ｖＡＭＶ）人工感染后,鸡成髓细胞性白血病（ＡＭＢ）发病率８６．７％、死亡率７０％,脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊、心脏、肝脏、肾脏和性腺超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性与健康对照雏鸡相比,Ｔ－ＳＯＤ和Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ活性于１０日龄时均极显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,于１７日龄时则极显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）,以后日龄亦有明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）,而Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ活性于１０和２４日龄无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）、１７日龄时显著或极显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）,３０日龄则明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

川芎,丹参及其合剂对实验性心源性肺水肿的防治作用

对小鼠尾静脉注射肾上腺素以造成实验性心源性肺水肿动物模型,观察川芎,丹参及其合剂对肺水肿的防治作用。结果：与阳性对照组比较,川芎,丹参及其合剂３个预防组小鼠２４ｈ存活率极显著提高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,存活时间,极显著延长（Ｐ〈０．０１）,肺指数极显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）,肺组织的病理形态学变化也明显轻微,而川芎、丹参及其合剂的治疗作用则比较弱。     

奶牛冻精酶活性与精液品质相关性分析

采用线性相关分析西门塔尔冻精谷丙转氨酶（ＧＰＴ）和谷草转氨酶（ＧＯＴ）的活性与精子活率和顶体完善的相关性，结果表明，谷丙转氨酶的活性与精子活率呈极显著负相关（Ｐ〈０．０１），与顶体完整率呈显著负相关（Ｐ〈０．０５）；谷草转氨酶的活性与精子活率呈显著负相关（Ｐ〈０．０５），与顶体完整率呈极显著负相关（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

贵州几种野生止泻草药人工栽培试验

为了探索贵州几种野生止泻草药人工栽培的可能性和基本栽培技术,试验采用3因素2水平设计,对施肥、刈割和去花穗的效果进行方差分析,结果表明：去花穗能明显提高拳参和天青地白产量;地榆种植当年收获以分根栽培产量最高,且不耐刈割,以秋末一次性收获产量最高;刈割对拳参和天青地白的产量没有影响,可随时刈割利用,对多叶勾儿茶产量提高显著;追肥作用不大,肥力中等的黄壤栽培时每穴施50g复合肥即可满足生长需要;这4种草药都能人工栽培。     

电针的抗应激性腹泻作用及其与5-HT关系

采用实验动物模型观察了外源性5 HT和实验性应激所致动物腹泻及电针的抗应激性腹泻作用,并研究了应激致泻和电针抗腹泻时动物血清5 HT含量的变化。结果显示:腹腔注射5 HT可致小鼠腹泻,注射5 HT后立即电针显著地抑制了腹泻的发生(P<0 05);约束性应激大鼠绝大多数发生腹泻,血清5 HT含量较阴性对照组极显著升高(P<0 01),电针显著降低了应激所致腹泻的发生率并显著减轻了腹泻的严重程度(P<0 05),但对血清5 HT含量升高未显示出抑制作用。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein