遥感技术在野生动物资源调查中的应用

遥感技术在国民经济各部门中已经得到了广泛的应用,并取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。遥感技术用于野生动物资源调查起步较晚,但发展很迅速。就当前来看,从野生动物的数量、种类和生境等调查,直到野生动物的监测和管理,都可采用遥感方法来进行。遥感技术用于野生动物资源调查,始于本世纪60年代初期,加拿大应用航空遥感进行野生动物生境调查,并根据土壤的物理特性和野生动物的食物单位面积产量,确定土地生产力的等级。60年代末期,开始用航空调查法调查野生动物的数量和种类。70年代以后,由于陆地卫星出现和电子计算机技术迅速发展,遥感技术跨入了一个新阶段,给野生动物资源调查提供了一项新技术。1973年开始应用卫星     

中国陆生野生动物资源调查已全面展开

中国陆生野生动物资源调查已全面展开陈学军，关东明全国陆生野生动物资源调查工作已于１９９５年率先在全国１１个省区启动，１９９６年其余１９个省、自治区、直辖市也全面展开。这是我国有史以来第一次组织全国性的野生动物资源调查，调查范围之大、种类之多、内容之丰...     

全国陆生野生动物资源调查和监测工作进展概况

全国陆生野生动物资源调查和监测工作进展概况阮向东（林业部环境和野生动物资源监测中心北京１００７１４）在财政部的大力支持下，林业部于ｌｏｐ年开始了全国陆生野生动物资源调查工作，并着手全国陆生野生动物资源监测体系的建立。这次为期四年（ＩＮＳ～１９Ｎ）的全...     

北票野生动物调查

北票野生动物调查于１９８８－１９９３年完成，计有鸟类２８６种，兽类３０种，两栖爬行类１２种。发现辽宁省新分布记录２种，辽西首次记录１４种，朝阳市首次记录１５种。依北票鸟类分布和居留型统计，认为北票所在的辽西山地应划属华北区黄土高原亚区而不应属于蒙新区。     

陆生野生动物资源调查中的若干技术问题

1996年5月有机会到北方与野生动物调查队员在野外走了几条路线,发现在调查过程中有许多问题其中许多是过去历次调查中未曾遇到过的,现就我个人的理解谈谈对其中某些与调查技术有关的问题。1．关于调查方案问题。以往许多次调查都集中在少量动物种上,调查总是直奔物种分布最密集的地区.而这次调查要求多物种,全国范围;故采用了全国系统机械布设样线（样点）的方法。技术处理上由机械样本所得的资料按随机样本处理。这样每一条调查样线所涉及的范围对多数物种而言可能并非其基本的分布范围,会出现零结果的可能,但这是正常的。应克服思想…     

肃南肃北草原野生动物资源调查研究

通过对肃南、肃北草原野生动物资源3年的调查研究分析,结果表明,祁连山地及马鬃山区草原地带活动的主要陆生脊椎野生动物种群可划分为5个类群,高山寒漠动物群、高山草甸动物群、荒漠动物群、沼泽动物群和村庄农田动物群,有蹄类、食肉类、爬行类、两栖类、鱼类、啮齿类、鸟类及昆虫类约有800多种;国家级保护动物共有34种,占肃南、肃北鸟兽种数的26%。其中国家一级保护动物有10种;国家二级保护动物有24种。     

陆生野生动物调查中的问题及解决办法

陆生野生动物调查中的问题及解决办法陈学军，关东明１９９６年，林业部先后成立了以王志宝副部长为组长的全国陆生野生动物资源调查与监测工作领导小组、调查办公室及由全国知名专家组成的专家指导委员会。问时还在林业部规划院环境与野生动物监测中心的基础上，成立了国...     

贵州部分野生动物疫病调查概述

贵州处于中亚热带湿润地带,境内多山,河流密布,全省气候温和,雨量充沛。优越的自然环境,为野生动物的生存和繁衍提供了有利条件,因而野生动物资源相当丰富。仅目前所知,全省有脊椎动物900多种,其中哺乳动物138种（另29亚种）;鸟类423种（另有51个亚种）;爬行动物106种;两栖动物64种;鱼类204种。这些野生动物中国家重点保护的就有87种。其中黔金丝猴、华南虎、黑颈鹤等都是国内外关注的珍稀种类。目前国内有关野生动物疫病研究的报道还不多见,我省尚处于空白。根据我省情况,进行野生动物疫病及生态研究,有利于对野生动物疫病…     

开放种群数量调查中标志释放法

本文于简述单次标志的捕捉再捕捉方法及其在应用时可能出现的问题之后，着重介绍开放种群的多次捕捉、标志的Ｊｏｌｌｙ－Ｓｅｌｅｒ标志释放法，指出由于对野生动物的数量调查很难忽略死亡、迁入、迁出等因素，即只能在开放种群中进行，因此本方法将更为实用、且能得到不同时期的数量动态，存活率，迁入个体数等极有价值的种群参数，值得向广大动物学工作者推荐。     

毛皮动物野生习性调查与驯化技术

毛皮动物一般指那些能提供高档裘皮产品的动物,属于野生或经过人工驯化饲养的哺乳类动物。作者对毛皮动物的栖息环境、采食习性、行为等野生习性及驯化的关键问题和方法进行了综述。     

Salmonella isolated from animals and feedstuffs in Sweden during 1983-1987.

This survey describes the frequency of Salmonella in animals and feedstuffs isolated in Sweden 1983-1987. Since 1949 National Veterinary Institute (NVI) has published such reports every fifth year. During the period of this report 760 outbreaks of Salmonella were reported in animals. This includes both domestic and wild animals. The corresponding figure for the previous period was 1266 outbreaks. 56 different serovariants were reported, 17 of these were new to Sweden. In cattle and swine there were a decrease of outbreaks. In poultry 86 outbreaks were reported, compared with 220 outbreaks during the previous five-year period. Swedish feed producing plants are checked both voluntary and compulsory, for the presence of Salmonella in raw materials, scrape and dust samples and compound feed. During 1983-1987 a total of 236 strains at Salmonella were isolated. This is the lowest incidence found during the last 15 years. All consignments of feedstuffs of animal origin intended for import to Sweden has to be examined for the presence of Salmonella. During 1983-1987 8.6% of the consignments were positive for Salmonella and were thus not allowed to be used in Sweden.     

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Salmonella enterica in Captive Wildlife and Exotic Animal Species in Ohio,USA

The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence, antimicrobial resistance patterns, phenotypic and genotypic relatedness of Salmonella enterica recovered from captive wildlife host species and in the environment in Ohio, USA. A total of 319 samples including faecal (n = 225), feed (n = 38) and environmental (n = 56) were collected from 32 different wild and exotic animal species in captivity and their environment in Ohio. Salmonellae were isolated using conventional culture methods and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility with the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Salmonella isolates were serotyped, and genotyping was performed using the pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Salmonella was detected in 56 of 225 (24.9%) faecal samples; six of 56 (10.7%) environmental samples and six of 38 (15.8%) feed samples. Salmonella was more commonly isolated in faecal samples from giraffes (78.2%; 36/46), cranes (75%; 3/4) and raccoons (75%; 3/4). Salmonella enterica serotypes of known public health significance including S. Typhimurium (64.3%), S. Newport (32.1%) and S. Heidelberg (5.3%) were identified. While the majority of the Salmonella isolates were pan‐susceptible (88.2%; 60 of 68), multidrug‐resistant strains including penta‐resistant type, AmStTeKmGm (8.8%; six of 68) were detected. Genotypic diversity was found among S. Typhimurium isolates. The identification of clonally related Salmonella isolates from environment and faeces suggests that indirect transmission of Salmonella among hosts via environmental contamination is an important concern to workers, visitors and other wildlife. Results of this study show the diversity of Salmonella serovars and public health implications of human exposure from wildlife reservoirs.     

五莲黑猪种质资源调查报告

五莲黑猪是山东省六大地方猪种之一。从20世纪70年代到现在30多年间,五莲黑猪资源动态发生了较大的变化,存在着底数不清和种质下降等问题。本文通过对五莲黑猪资源的全面调查,了解其存在数量、具体分布、体型外貌、体尺体重、繁殖性能、胴体及肉质性能等近况,为五莲黑猪种质资源保护和利用奠定基础。     

我国特种养殖业的现状与发展

介绍了特种动物的涵义、濒危野生动物的界定和世界主要特种动物的养殖与疾病防制的现状以及在我国的发展前景。同时 ,对我国特种养殖中长期存在的机制、品种、疫病防制、技术素质、生物安全与生产规模等问题进行了剖析 ,并提出了一些对策     

野生动物饲养管理体系与认证研究

野生动物饲养管理体系是野生动物生产经营组织围绕野生动物饲养而展开的计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制活动的管理体系,通常包括制定饲养方针和目标,开展饲养策划、饲养控制、饲养保证和饲养改进活动,覆盖范围包括法律法规和相关要求、动物福利、环境和职业健康安全。建立全面、协调、可持续的野生动物饲养管理体系,是制度创新和管理创新,是实现资源可持续利用,组织可持续发展的必然要求,也是野生动物行政管理的根本期望。实施野生动物饲养管理体系能降低经营风险,提高管理水平,保障动物福利,保护员工权益。开展野生动物饲养管理体系认证,借助社会力量监督和管理野生动物饲养业,逐步用认证替代现行的政府行政性监管方式,是转变政府职能,提高行政效率,降低行政成本,减少行政责任和风险的一条重要途径。     

Hepatitis E Virus Antibody Prevalence in Wildlife in Poland

Hepatitis E is an important public health problem mostly in developing but occasionally also in industrialized countries. Domestic and wildlife animals are considered reservoirs of the hepatitis E virus (HEV). Since no information on the prevalence of autochthonous HEV infections in human and animal in Poland is available, the aim of the study was to investigate the HEV seroprevalence of different wildlife species as potential virus reservoirs in the country. No HEV antibodies were found in any of the sera collected from the red deer (Cervus elaphus), European bison (Bison bonasus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), elk (Alces alces), fallow deer (Dama dama), sika deer (Cervus nippon), Tatra chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica) or brown bear (Ursus arctos). HEV‐specific antibodies were detected in 44.4% (95% CI 38.3–50.7) serum samples originated only from wild boars. The percentage of seropositive wild boars differed significantly between the provinces and was positively correlated with the wild boar density and rurality of the area. This study showed that HEV circulates among wild boar population in Poland, and this species should be considered as an important reservoir of the virus.