不同剂型苯氧威防治杨扇舟蛾试验

采用不同剂型苯氧威分别对杨扇舟蛾第2代幼虫进行喷烟和喷雾防治试验,结果表明,3%高渗苯氧威EC和柴油按1:5、1:8喷烟防治防效高峰3～7 d,7 d防效分别为89.9%、76%.3%高渗苯氧威EC 2-000倍、3 000倍喷雾防治7 d防效分别为91%、88.9%.25%苯氧威WP4 000倍、6 000倍、8 000倍喷雾防治防后7 d的防效分别为94%、88.9%、56.4%.     

临沧地区松毛虫病毒防治技术应用

松毛虫在临沧地区危害较为严重 ,1992～ 2 0 0 1年发生面积为 10 0 4 19 5hm2 。自 1995年开始引进和应用CPV和NPV病毒防治松毛虫 115 13 3hm2 ,防治率达 6 9 82 %。其中在 4月份防治效果较好 ,防治率达72 85 % ;8月份较差 ,防治率为 6 7 2 7%。应用该病毒防治松毛虫 ,能有效地控制松毛虫危害 ,达到持续控灾的目的。     

漆蓝卷象防治试验研究

漆蓝卷象以成虫危害橄榄嫩梢和幼果。本文研究了应用昆虫病原斯氏线虫SteinernemacarpocapsaeBejing、S.feltiae 4、S .longicaudumD43 ,异小杆属的HeterorhabditisbacteriophoraE -6-7等 4个品系 ,人工摘除受害梢以及 8种化学农药对漆蓝卷象的防治试验结果。病原线虫S.carpocapsaeBejing、S .feltiae 4两个品系有很高的侵染力 ,当剂量为 1 5 0条·larvae- 1 时 ,室内象甲幼虫死亡率均达 1 0 0 % ;林间防治按 2 0万条·m- 2 、40万条·m- 2 的线虫悬浮液喷施橄榄树冠投影地面 ,S .carpocapsaeBejing品系平均校正死亡率为 41 2 %和73 3 % ,S.feltiae 4为 3 9 2 %和 5 6 2 %。而人工摘除受害梢清除虫源 ,在 3m以下林分切实可行 ,是防治翌年林果受害最为经济、环保的方法。4种农药的林间防治试验以 1 6%喹·丁乳油乳油 1 0 0 0倍液的林间防治效果最好 ,校正死亡率为 66 6% ;其次为 2 5 %溴氰菊酯乳油 2 5 0 0和 40 %毒丝本乳油 1 5 0 0倍液 ,校正死亡率分别为 63 0 %和 62 0 % ;喷药时间以 6— 9月为宜。     

5种植物源农药防治松丽毒蛾的效果分析

为研究植物源农药及浓度对松丽毒蛾的林间防治效果,于2019年在福建省沙县官庄国有林场的马尾松林分设立试验区,选用0. 6%印楝素乳油等5种植物源农药开展林间喷雾防治松丽毒蛾幼虫试验。结果表明:药后4 d,5种药剂对松丽毒蛾幼虫表现出较好的杀虫效果,0. 6%印楝素乳油、4%鱼藤酮乳油、1%苦参·藜芦碱可溶液、1. 3%苦参碱可溶液和1. 2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油对幼虫的平均死亡率依次为91. 1%、91. 3%、91. 7%、92. 0%和92. 6%,其最适浓度分别为0. 6%印楝素乳油和4%鱼藤酮乳油1000倍液,1%苦参·藜芦碱可溶液1100倍液,1. 2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油和1. 3%苦参碱可溶液1300倍液,在生产防治上可推广应用。     

桉树害虫油桐尺蛾林间防治试验

对桉树害虫油桐尺蛾幼虫进行林间药剂防治试验,结果表明:使用单剂生物药剂0.6%阿维菌素水剂4 000倍液、16 000 IU.mg-1苏云金杆菌粉剂1 000倍液喷雾防治幼虫,10 d后的防治效果达89%~97%;使用混合化学药剂A3B3C3、A2B2C3和A1B3C3这3种组合喷雾防治油桐尺蛾幼虫,7 d后的防治效果达84%以上;使用混合生物药剂a1b1c2、a1b3c3和a1b1c1这3种组合喷雾防治油桐尺蛾幼虫,10 d后的防治效果达80%~96%;使用烟雾剂柴油5 kg+20%氰戊菊酯乳油0.375 kg、柴油5 kg+20%氰戊菊酯乳油0.25 kg、柴油5 kg+20%氰戊菊酯乳油0.125 kg喷雾防治幼虫,7 d后的防治效果达89%以上。     

日本鞘瘿蚊的化学防治技术研究

通过6种药剂的室内外药效试验,结果表明(1)40%的乙酰甲胺磷乳油、30%久效磷乳油1 000倍液用于日本鞘瘿蚊卵孵化盛末期常量喷雾,防治区当年新梢虫害指数减退率都在83%以上,对照区则上升了14.5%.(2)树干注药更适合于高价值林分及虫源地的防治;7月份幼虫危害盛期用30%久效磷乳油插管注药效果最佳,用药量为1.2ml/cm胸径,防治后,虫瘿内幼虫校正死亡率在90%以上,比对照提高了82.3%,树干注药不影响木材的材质.(3)3%米乐尔颗粒剂和3%呋喃丹颗粒剂用于根区施药也具良好的效果.     

日本龟蜡蚧防治药剂筛选试验

在日本龟蜡蚧1~2龄若虫期用6种药剂进行防治,结果表明:施药后第3天40%速蚧克EC防效可达88.30%;施药后第15天24%螺虫乙酯SC防效可达93.00%,而1.8%阿维菌素EC防效仅为66.48%。在日本龟蜡蚧1~2龄若虫期,用24%螺虫乙酯SC 2 000倍液、40%速蚧克EC 1 000倍液喷雾防治可起到较好的防治效果。     

6种植物源农药防治波纹杂毛虫林间药效分析

为明确6种植物源农药防治波纹杂毛虫的最佳林间配比度和用药量,掌握低空施药技术,在福建省沙县马尾松林建立试验区,开展林间喷雾和喷烟防治试验。结果表明:6种农药的林间喷雾,药后4 d,防治效果均超过90%;最佳林间配比度为:1.3%苦参碱可溶液剂和1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油均为1300倍液;1%苦参·藜芦碱可溶液、4%鱼藤酮乳油和0.6%印楝素乳油均为1000倍液,0.5%藜芦碱可溶液为800倍液。2种农药喷烟后3 d,防治效果均超过90%,1.3%苦参碱可溶液和1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油与烟雾剂最佳配比度均为1∶9。参试的6种植物源农药可广泛应用于防治波纹杂毛虫幼虫。     

3种药剂防治白杨透翅蛾初孵幼虫试验

通过选用350g·L-1吡虫啉悬浮剂、30%甲维毒死蜱乳油和40%氧化乐果乳油3种药剂,每种药剂设2个浓度梯度,喷洒树干对白杨透翅蛾低龄幼虫开展防治试验。结果表明:施药后20d,6种处理无显著差异,防治效果均达到90%以上;3个药剂平均虫口减退率为97.29%。350g·L-1吡虫啉悬浮剂500倍液、30%甲维毒死蜱乳油800倍液和40%氧化乐果乳油1 000倍液可用于白杨透翅蛾低龄幼虫防治。     

几种生物农药对茶梢蛾的毒力测定及林间防治试验

为了筛选出最适合防治茶梢蛾的农药,选用6种生物农药和1种化学农药对茶梢蛾幼虫的毒杀力进行了室内测定,并用筛选出的20%乐果乳油、2%阿维.苏可湿性粉剂和3%阿维.氟铃脲乳油这3种毒力较强的农药进行了林间幼虫防治试验。结果表明:使用阿维.苏、阿维.氟铃脲和乐果的2 000倍液进行喷雾防治的效果较为理想,可达到74%～84%的杀虫效果;而用阿维.苏、阿维.氟铃脲和乐果以注干施药法进行防治的杀虫效果并不明显。     

印楝素制剂防治松毛虫及松小蠹室内试验初报

应用印楝素乳油进行了松毛虫、松小蠹的室内防治效果试验。试验结果表明用 0 3%印楝素乳油 4 0 0倍“触杀 +胃毒”处理松毛虫 ,施药后 2 0天 ,防治效果达到 88 5 % ;用 0 3%印楝素乳油 10 0倍“触杀 +胃毒 +内吸”处理松小蠹 ,施药后 15天 ,防治效果达到 95 6 %。观察发现 ,施用印楝素后 ,使松毛虫 2龄幼虫产生较强的拒食作用 ,并能抑制其生理发育。     

Über den chemischen Pflanzenschutz und seine Perspektiven in der ČSSR

Chemical plant protection and its perspectives in SSR A number of 374 chemical preparations for plant protection are licenced in SSR. Yearly more than 5.5 millions ha of tilled land are treated with chemical pesticides. The parts of effective groups in the plant protection measures amount to: herbicides = 62%, fungicides = 16%, biological preparations = 12.7%, insecticides = 9.3%. Chemical control actions injure the structure of agrocoenoses, therefore integrated control measures must be introduced for the purpose of reducing the injuries as far as possible. Solely when the critical number of a pest species is overstepped chemical control should be applied. In SSR 8 species of animal pests are objects of prognosis; 23 animal species as well as a virus disease and 2 mycoses are objects of the warning service.     

Wireworm damage reduction in potatoes with an attract-and-kill strategy using <Emphasis Type="Italic">Metarhizium brunneum</Emphasis>

Innovative wireworm control strategies are required to implement integrated pest management on the basis of the (EC) No regulation 1107/2009 and Directive 2009/128/EC. Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium brunneum (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, are potential biological control agents for wireworm control but do not achieve high control efficacies in the field when applied as a conidia suspension. In a 2-year study, wireworm control with a novel attract-and-kill strategy aimed at enhancing M. brunneum efficacies in organic potato production systems in Lower Saxony, Germany. The approach is based on the attraction of wireworms (Agriotes spp. Eschscholtz) towards an artificial carbon dioxide-emitting source, using baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex Hansen) in combination with M. brunneum conidia for wireworm infection. Both components were encapsulated in alginate as a carrier material and applied in a mixture with two types of beads (one for encapsulated yeast and one for M.brunneum conidia). An application of these beads within the potato rows during potato planting reduced wireworm tuber damage by 37–75% relative to the untreated control and was able to enhance the efficacy of M. brunneum by up to 35% through an attract-and-kill approach compared to beads without a carbon dioxide source only. This strategy offers a high potential to promote biological wireworm control as an alternative to insecticide use by potentially reducing the inoculum compared to an inundate M. brunneum conidia release strategy.     

Forage production and small ruminant grazing responses in Mediterranean shrublands as influenced by the reduction of shrub cover

Reduction of shrub cover in Mediterranean shrublands is considered as a method of optimising forage and animal production. In this study, forage production in grazed and protected plots and grazing responses of small ruminants in cleared (25% shrub cover), slashed (34% shrub cover) and not treated (control, 55% shrub cover) kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) shrublands were compared during the spring seasons of 1992, 1993 and 1994. The alterations in shrub density were done in October 1991 and pastures remained ungrazed until spring of 1992. Clearing and slashing of shrub vegetation resulted in higher amounts of available herbaceous forage and useable browse. At the end of the growing season, averaged across years, herbaceous biomass was generally two to three times higher in the treated shrublands than in the control; also, browse biomass was slightly less (1,078 vs 1,533 kg/ha) but easily accessible because of the open structure and the lower height of the sprouting shrubs. There were generally no grazing response differences between the cleared and slashed pastures. However, grazing animals (sheep and goats) had a higher bite rate (bites/min; P 0.05) in the treated pastures than in the control. Levels of crude protein in the forage selected by animals were higher (P 0.05) in the treated pastures than in the control. Animals in the improved pastures maintained diets that were significantly more digestible (53.5%) than those in the control pasture (48.5%). Neutral detergent fibre and lignin contents of animal diets were similar in the improved pastures but lower (P 0.05) than those of the control. It is concluded that removing of woody vegetation in Mediterranean shrublands results in increased forage production (available herbage and useable browse) and improved forage quality and availability for small ruminants.     

Controlling the timbre of wooden musical instruments by chemical modification

Summary A method to control the tone quality of wooden string instruments by chemical modification is proposed. Sitka spruce specimens impregnated with saligenin solutions of various concentrations were allowed to react with gaseous formaldehyde using SO₂ as a catalyst. In the frequency range where shearing deformation is negligible, the values of specific dynamic Young's modulus (E/) in the radial direction increased with increasing saligenin concentration by up to 27%, whereas the values of dynamic loss tangent (tan ) decreased as much as 40% in the longitudinal direction and 50% in the radial direction along with small increases in air-dry specific gravity. The degree of increase of tan with increasing frequency was inversely proportional to the saligenin content. The frequency dependence of E/ did not change as a result of treatment. From these results, it is considered that the sound level radiated from wooden string instruments changes at high frequencies according to the saligenin content.     

山东省临沂地区杨树人工林林分密度管理图的编制

山东省临沂地区杨树人工林林分密度管理图,于1986年冬至1987年春在该地区设置69杨等临时标地356块资料基础上编制而成。密度为278—5952株/ha(其中500—1894株/ha者占89.1％);优势高为5.9—28.6m;平均胸径为3.8—28.6cm;蓄积量为3.9—339.7m~3/ha。管理图编制方法:等树高线选用M~(-1)=A_1+B_1N~(-1)式,等直径线选用D~(-1)=A_2+B_2N式;最大密度线采用M_(Rf)=K_2·N_(Rf)~(K_1~′)式;密度管理线采用M_(Ry)=K_3·N_(Ry)~(K_1~′)式。本密度管理图的精度,等树高线为97.6％;等直径线为98.9％,符合生产要求。     

杂交新品种黑青杨的生长、抗性调查研究

研究以杂交新品种黑青杨(Populus euramericana"N3016"×Populus ussuriensis)F1代雄性无性系为对象,对其生长、抗性进行了调查,结果表明,在齐齐哈尔地区11年生黑青杨单株平均树高、胸径和材积分别为15.05 m、16.19 cm和0.142 m3,分别超过对照品种小黑杨8.6%、14.8%和37.2%。对主要病害杨灰斑病、锈病、烂皮病、溃疡病及主要蛀干害虫青杨天牛、杨干象、潜叶跳象等抗性较强。该品种树干通直饱满,雄株不飞絮,适合作纸浆材等工业用材林、防护林及绿化树种。     

植物生长调节剂对栓皮栎生长、光合特性及水分利用效率的影响

为探索植物生长调节剂对栓皮栎幼苗生长及光合特性的影响,在移栽前分别用GGR 6号和“施丰乐”溶液进行浸根处理,并对移栽后的苗木进行“施丰乐”溶液的叶面喷施,研究幼苗的生长量和光合特性。结果表明,几乎所有处理都对苗木生长量都有很大的促进作用。处理后,地径较对照增加了11.56%~245.07%;苗高增加了58.01%~434.66%;叶面积增加了28.52%~432.13%。而对其他指标,作用效果有所不同。其中,10 mg/LGGR的溶液浸根能有效提高苗木的净光合速率,而40 mg/LGGR的溶液浸根对提高苗木水分利用效率效果最佳。     

Wurzelfäulebekämpfung des Spargels in Ertragsanlagen

Control of root-rot of asparagus in asparagus fields The root-rot of the asparagus causes serious, no more tolerable crop failures in the Upper Franconian the amount of sprouts/plants was obtained. Of course, of the damage was mainlyFusarium oxysporum, besides also isolatedFusarium culmorum andRhizoctonia violacea. A chemical control of this disease within asparagus fields is extremely difficult due to the deep-rooted plants. During experiments, Orthocid 50 (0,5 %) as well as Benomyl (0,1 %) were brought into the root area of the plants with a dung lance. By using this procedure, several years after the last Fungizid-application, a good result in reference to the produce and the amount of sprouts/plants was obtained. Of course, such an action should be considered as the last possibility of control, because experiences show that by means of proper cultivation actions, which already must be applied when planting new asparagus cultures, the occurrence of the root-rot of the asparagus can be reduced.     

云南切梢小蠹对云南松及20个非寄主树种叶的趋向行为研究

本项研究选取云南切梢小蠹寄主植物云南松的针叶和藏柏、樟树、滇青冈等20种非寄主树种的叶与云南松针叶混合物(质量比为1∶4),利用Y型嗅觉仪测定其趋向行为,测试云南切梢小蠹对纯云南松针叶、混合样及空气间的趋向行为选择的差异性.结果表明,以云南松针叶作参照,云南切梢小蠹对云南松+藏柏、云南松+缅桂、云南松+滇朴、云南松+旱冬瓜的趋向率较低,分别为32.3％、33.4％、32.3％、31.5％;以空气作参照,混合样趋向率由小到大依次为云南松+藏柏、云南松+缅桂、云南松+滇朴、云南松+旱冬瓜,分别为38％、39％、40％、42％,均小于50％;藏柏、缅桂、滇朴、旱冬瓜4个树种对云南切梢小蠹表现较强的趋避作用,可作为营建抗云南切梢小蠹虫危害的混交树种.