蜚蠊卵鞘寄生蜂在黑胸大蠊卵鞘内越冬的观察

拟啮小蜂Tetrastichodes sp.是上虞县在黑胸大蠊卵鞘内寄生的主要蜂种,自然寄生率高(64.2％),它在浙江省也有广泛分布(待发表),是有希望用于生物防治的。自1989年7月至1990年8月,我们对人工接蜂和自然寄生的黑胸大蠊卵鞘等作了室内观察。现将该蜂种越冬等生物学特性报导于下。材料和方法一、采集自然寄生卵鞘,待羽化成蜂后移入广口瓶内饲养,并用新产黑胸大蠊卵鞘接蜂,接蜂后按单个卵鞘装入青霉素瓶。根据气温状况每天或不定期(冬季)观察成蜂羽化情况。     

蜚蠊直肠排泄物刺激啮小蜂产卵行为的研究

哈氏啮小蜂雌蜂在涂有雌性大蠊直肠排泄物的烟色大蠊和日本大蠊人工卵荚上显示产卵管插入行为,阳性反应率分别为88.0％和85.1％,与在烟色大蠊和日本大蠊卵荚上产卵的阳性反应相近。在涂有大蠊直肠腺排泄物的德国小蠊卵荚上阳性反应达92.2％。排泄物中利它素溶于丙酮水溶液而不溶解于正已烷。在涂有正己烷提取后残渣的烟色大蠊和日本大蠊人工卵荚啮小蜂产卵管的插入率分别为80.0和78.7％。而在丙酮提取后残渣涂的人工卵荚插入率为7.5％和0,若加含有利它素的丙酮提取物,其活性又恢复,卵荚插入率上升为70.7和66.7％。     

哈氏啮小蜂的繁殖和利用

用人工培养液饲养的哈氏啮小蜂,羽化后将成蜂释放至159户住户的碗橱中,40天和80天后第一代和第二代寄生蜂在蜚蠊卵荚内最高寄生率分别为93.8％和95.1％,放蜂户的烟色大蠊的密度明显地下降,放蜂后一年内,蜚蠊密度稳定地保持在较低水平。     

寄生美洲大蠊卵鞘的浅沟长尾啮小蜂记述（膜翅目：姬小蜂科）

本文用图文简要记述了从美洲大蠊卵鞘中育出的浅沟长尾啮小蜂Aprostocetus asthenogmus（Waterston）的形态特征。这是该蜂在我国的首次报道，有望今后用于蜚蠊的生物防治。     

平腹小蜂繁殖新方法——屏膜繁殖法

平腹小蜂是一种荔枝蝽象卵期的寄生蜂。到目前为止,室内人工繁殖平腹小蜂基本仍用木箱作蜂箱繁殖。这种陈旧的方法花工多,繁蜂速度慢,蜂箱损耗大,且繁殖出的蜂寄生率、羽化率均不高。为了高效快速繁殖平腹小蜂供生产上使用,广东省生物防治实验站陈称康等人于今年4月至7月先后用屏膜挂卵卡繁殖平腹小蜂四个世代、40批次,育出蜂11.4万头获得成功。蜂的平均寄生率、羽化率分别为95.46％和90.23％,雌     

浙江省蜚蠊旗腹蜂的初步调查

蜚蠊旗腹蜂[Evania appendiganter(L.)]是蜚蠊卵荚寄生蜂的一种。在浙江省已有4个地区(上虞县、杭州市、温州市、台州地区)发现有分布。该蜂主要以美洲大蠊(Periplanetaamericana)卵荚为寄主,其它寄主有褐斑大蠊(Plattina concinna)、黑胸大蠊(Perip-laneta fuliginosa)。该蜂在国外也有广泛分布。寄主有澳洲大蠊(P.australasiae)、东方蠊(Blatta orientalis)和德国小蠊(BIattella germaniaa)等。     

利用哈氏啮小蜂防治蜚蠊

1984年,从遵义市及其近郊5家住户的厨房、过道、厕所收集烟色大蠊(Periplanetafulginosa)的卵100个,在室内常温下孵化出寄生蜂,经鉴定为哈氏啮小蜂(Tetrastichushagenowii)。该蜂能在烟色大蠊、日本大蠊(P.japonica)、美洲大蠊(P.america)、澳洲大蠊(P.australasiae)4种大蠊卵内产卵,进行多胚繁殖。据解剖寄主卵观察。烟色大蠊每卵内寄生蜂卵10～20个,寄生蜂幼虫数可达46条。日本大蠊每卵有寄生蜂卵6～18个;寄生蜂     

利用黄粉虫蛹人工繁殖白蛾周氏啮小蜂的研究

以黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor L.蛹作为白蛾周氏啮小蜂Chouioia cunea Yang的人工寄主,在（28±0.5）℃条件下观察其发育历期,以不同蜂蛹比例进行接种,观察小蜂的寄生情况。结果表明,黄粉虫蛹能够满足白蛾周氏啮小蜂发育的营养需求,发育历期为17.2～22.9d,虽然成功寄生率只有75%左右,但基本可以满足常年大规模繁蜂的需要。不同接蜂比例对寄生率、出蜂蛹率和出蜂量有显著影响,蜂蛹比在2∶1以上较好。白蛾周氏啮小蜂在冷冻致死的黄粉虫蛹上也有产卵行为,但蛹内卵和幼虫量很少,它们在死亡寄主体内存活不超过72h。     

利用家蚕蛹人工繁殖白蛾周氏啮小蜂的研究

初步研究了利用家蚕蛹大量繁殖白蛾周氏啮小蜂的可行性。观察了白蛾周氏啮小蜂在家蚕蛹上的发育历期，子代蜂的寿命及飞行能力,认为繁蜂的最佳蜂蛹比为15～20〖DK1〗∶1； 4次接蜂结果显示，周氏啮小蜂可以利用家蚕蛹连续繁殖，单蛹出蜂量及单雌产卵量均较高；利用家蚕蛹繁殖的白蛾周氏啮小蜂对国槐尺蛾蛹寄生率为76.7％，表明利用家蚕蛹繁殖的子代蜂对其他寄主具有较强的寄生能力。     

寄生荔枝蒂蛀虫卵的斑螟分索赤眼蜂过寄生驯化培育

针对寄生荔枝蒂蛀虫卵的斑螟分索赤眼蜂Trichogrammatoidea hypsipylae Nagaraja不能正常羽化出蜂问题,室内以米蛾Corcyra cephalonia（stainton）卵为寄主,分别以1：3、1：5、1：10（对照）的蜂卵比接蜂培养,经过35代过寄生连代繁殖驯化,其36代（F36）成蜂个体大小显著小于对照组。与对照组相比,成蜂体长、体宽分别减小28．89％、16．08％（1：3处理）和27．43％、20．56％（1：5处理）。经蜂卵1：3、1：5接蜂连代繁殖驯化后的F36斑螟分索赤眼蜂对荔枝蒂蛀虫卵的寄生率分别为44％和55％,与对照差异不显著,但能顺利从荔枝蒂蛀虫卵内羽化出蜂,羽化率分别为31．8％、25．5％,对照则无羽化出蜂。表明通过过寄生驯化培育可以改变斑螟分索赤眼蜂的个体大小,并有望使其在荔枝园内建立稳定种群,达到持续控制荔枝蒂蛀虫的目的。     

宿主蝇蛹对丽蝇蛹集金小蜂寄生与产子蜂量的影响

本文报道宿主蝇种、蜂蛹比例和蝇蛹日龄对丽蝇蛹集金小蜂寄生率及产子蜂量的影响。该蜂在家蝇、丝光绿蝇、巨尾阿丽蝇和红尾粪麻蝇蛹中的寄生率分别为:85％、92％、76％和14％。蜂蛹最适比例为:1:2.5～5。该蜂可产子蜂于1～7日龄的巨尾阿丽蝇蛹,以1～2日龄蝇蛹产子量最高。     

浙江省不同寄主植物上烟粉虱寄生蜂之调查

为明确浙江省不同地区以及不同寄主植物上的烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci寄生蜂种类,更好地利用寄生蜂对烟粉虱进行生物防治,通过对浙江省8个地区进行田间烟粉虱末期若虫或伪蛹采样,并将其带回实验室内饲养直至寄生蜂成蜂羽化进行形态学鉴定。结果表明,在浙江省8个地区共采集到3 490头烟粉虱寄生蜂,其中蒙氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus mundus Mercet、狄氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus debachi RoseRosen和浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia(GiraultDodd)的数量最多,比例分别达到了53.0%、27.8%和9.9%;在温州发现的寄生蜂种类最多,共有10种;在20种寄主植物种类或品种上共发现10余种烟粉虱寄生蜂,其中17种寄主植物上共有的烟粉虱寄生蜂有蒙氏桨角蚜小蜂、12种寄主植物上共有的是浅黄恩蚜小蜂、10种寄主植物上共有的是狄氏桨角蚜小蜂;表明这3种寄生蜂是浙江省广泛分布的优势种类。     

Phyllocnistis citrella and its parasitoids in three citrus species in Greece

The relative abundance as well as the percentage of parasitism of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and its parasitoids were studied in a citrus orchard with orange, mandarin and lemon trees in Greece. Infestation of P. citrella on each citrus host, as expressed by the number of mines per leaf, was significantly higher on lemon than on mandarin. The P. citrella parasitoid complex included the native species Neochrysocharis formosa and Pnigalio pectinicornis, as well as the introduced Citrostichus phyllocnistoides. The most abundant of those was N. formosa in all of the citrus species. The average percentage of parasitism was 13.1%, 13.8% and 11.7% on orange, mandarin and lemon, respectively. No significant differences in parasitism rate by each of the three parasitoid species separately were recorded among the three citrus species.     

赤眼蜂Trichogramma sp.nr.mwanzai的寄主嗜好性试验研究

采用选择性试验与非选择性试验两种方法,对肯尼亚的一种新记录的赤眼蜂Trichogramma sp.nr. mwanzai作了寄主嗜好性的初步观察研究。结果表明:该蜂对玉米禾螟、Busseola fusca和Eldana succhrina的卵均能寄生,但最喜欢玉米禾螟的卵。对家蚕卵不能寄生。在自然条件下也不能寄生Busseola fusoa产在叶鞘下的卵。在非选择性试验中,该蜂在玉米禾螟卵和粉螟卵上的单雌产子数与子代蜂雌雄性比差异均不显著。     

大麦虫作为替代寄主和人工饲料繁育花绒寄甲对其繁殖生物学的影响

花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides是防治多种蛀干害虫天牛的重要天敌,为了解决人工大量繁育花绒寄甲的技术问题,本文选用大麦虫Zophobas atratus蛹作为繁育花绒寄甲幼虫的替代寄主,利用配置的人工饲料饲喂成虫,在实验室中连续饲养4代花绒寄甲,统计分析所繁育出的每代花绒寄甲成虫的产卵量、产卵前期...     

Parasitism and development of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trissolcus simoni</Emphasis> in eggs of different host species

A scelionid egg parasitoid,Trissolcus simoni (Mayr), was investigated by exposing different host eggs to parasitism by females in order to assess the role of this alternative host species in the biological control of the sunn pestEurygaster integriceps Puton. Egg masses of laboratory colonies of four field-collected host species were used in the experiments. Parasitism rates ofE. integriceps, Dolycoris baccarum (L.),Graphosoma lineatum L. andCarpocoris pudicus (Pd.) averaged 86.8%, 81.6%, 82.8% and 84.0%, respectively. The parasitoid sex ratio and the percent of adult emergence did not differ significantly among the four hosts. The average development period was shorter inD. baccarum andC. pudicus, with respective mean times of 10.3 and 10.8 days for females, and 9.2 and 9.6 days for males, than inE. integriceps andG. lineatum. According to these results, all the tested eggs were adequate hosts forT. simoni development. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2003.     

Seasonal and biological interactions between the parasitoid, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aenasius arizonensis</Emphasis> (Girault) and its host, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phenacoccus solenopsis</Emphasis> Tinsley on cotton

Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is an important solitary endoparasitoid of mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Studies on seasonal and biological interactions between host and parasitoid are important to optimize the mass production and field release of high-quality females. We investigated the influence of different crop seasons viz., pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon and host stages viz., three nymphal instars (1st, 2nd and 3rd) and adult stage of P. solenopsis on the development, longevity, fecundity and sex ratio of its parasitoid, A. arizonensis. A. arizonensis female parasitized all life stages of its host except the 1st instar nymphs. Only males emerged from parasitized 2nd instar nymphs, while the sex ratio in the later host instars was strongly female-biased. The adult host stage was most suitable for A. arizonensis in terms of shorter development time, while the 3rd instar nymphal stage was most suitable with respect to higher fecundity, proportion of adults emerged and more females in the progeny. Among different seasons, post-monsoon season (September–October) with temperature (25 to 29 °C) and relative humidity (68 to 73%) was most suitable for the overall fitness of the parasitoid. The findings of this study have implications in designing mass rearing of this parasitoid and devising an effective biological control strategy for P. solenopsis on cotton.     

赤眼蜂实验种群生命表的编制与应用

利用以寄生变黑卵或仔代成蜂数量作为繁殖力估计等方法,编制了3种赤眼蜂在5种不同寄主卵上繁殖的实验种群生命表。分析比较表明,生命表参数能较好地反映“蜂-卵”组合的适合程度和寄生效能。初步认为,赤眼蜂实验种群生命表的编制,可以作为室内评估“蜂种与目标害虫”和“蜂种与中间寄主”的组合适合度和寄生效能的重要方法。其作用类似于农药的室内毒力测定。可供“育蜂治虫”实践参考。