母猪饲养增效益 高效配种是关键

正1公猪精液质量检查公猪的精液品质是决定产仔数多少的主要因素。加强公猪的饲养管理,建立合理的公猪饲养、采精制度,是为了确保公猪精液品质。人工授精技术的应用与自然交配相比,在很大程度上能够确保精液的品质,而且能降低公猪的饲养成本,充分利用公猪优良基因。选择优良公猪采精后进行镜检,新鲜精液活力以高于0.7为正常。用于输精的液态精液,精子活力不应低于0.6。所有采精公猪必须在精液品质检查合格后方可使用。根据种公猪的精液品质和体重变化来调整日粮     

猪人工授精的技术要点

猪人工授精技术是通过用人工的方法采集公猪的精液,经过品质检查、稀释、保存等一系列处理后,再用输精器械将精液输送到发情母畜生殖道内,以达到受胎目的的配种方法。与传统的自然交配相比,猪人工授精的优点有:充分发挥优秀公猪的繁殖潜力,提高优秀公猪的利用率;减少饲养种公猪的头数,节省开支;克服公母猪个体差异过大造成的配种     

影响猪人工授精效果的因素

众所周知 ,猪人工授精比起自然交配有许多优点 ,但是该技术应用的好坏受许多因素的影响 ,作为一名技术工作人员 ,应注意以下几点。1　精液品质公猪精液品质的好坏 ,是影响母猪情期受胎率和产仔数的直接因素。1 1　精液本身品质　由于采出的精液没有经过认真观察、分析、筛选 ,稀释处理后便直接进行输精 ,导致母猪情期受胎率和产仔数降低。当精液中死精率超过2 0 %或活力低于 0 7时 ,母猪的受胎率和产仔数就会受到影响 ,因此 ,在确认输精前应对精液的品质进行测定 ,提高精液的质量。1 2　保存过的精液品质　由于稀释剂或恒温冰箱的原因 ,…     

人工授精技术提高种猪繁殖力的研究

选用480头母猪分3组在不同季节连续225d同步进行了人工授精、人工授精与自然交配结合、自然交配的试验研究.结果表明,采用人工授精显著提高了母猪的受胎率和产仔数与自然交配相比,母猪的受胎率提高5.5个百分点,平均产仔数增加1.0头,差异显著(P＜0.05);采精次数与自然交配次数分别为90次和393次,公猪的利用率明显提高.试验过程中,人工授精充分利用了优质精液,输精前对精液品质进行检查,淘汰不合格精液,消除了很多自然交配的弊端,提高了种猪的繁殖力,经济效益显著,值得推广应用.     

人工授精技术提高种猎繁殖力的研究

选用480头母猪分3组在不同季节连续225d同步进行了人工授精，人工授精与自然交配结合，自然交配的试验研究。结果表明，采用人工授精显著提高了母猪的受胎率和产仔数，与自然交配相比，母猪的受胎率提高5．5个百分点，平均产仔数增加1．0头，差异显著（P＜0．05），采精次数与自然交配次数分别为90次和393次，公猪的利用率明显提高。试验过程中，人工授精充分利用了优质精液，输精前对精液品质进行检查，淘汰不合格精液，消除了很多自然交配的弊端，提高了种猪的繁殖力，经济效益显著，值得推广应用。     

影响猪人工授精受胎率的两个关键环节

<正>猪人工授精技术分为采精、精液品质检查、稀释、分装、保存、母猪发情鉴定、输精和妊娠检查等8个环节。自然交配过程中,发情鉴定、精子输送是由公猪来完成的。人工授精技术中,发情鉴定和输精两个环节主要由技术人员进行。其它环节如果出现了     

猪人工授精技术及注意事项

正1猪的人工授精技术简介(1)猪的自然交配是公猪精液直接射入母猪体内的一个过程。而人工授精技术分为采精、品质检查、稀释、分装、15~18℃保存、发情鉴定、输精及妊娠检查共8个步骤。因为人工授精的每一步都有操作规范要求,所以其繁殖成绩比自然交配要好,但是其操作过程比自然交配要复杂得多,所以更需要技术支持和对员工进行培训。将自然交配全部转换成人工授精往往需要1~2年的时间。母猪通常在发情后40小时内排卵,人     

猪人工授精技术推广工作中的几点体会

猪人工授精是用器械人为地采取出猪的精液，再用器械把精液注入到发情母猪生殖道内以代替公母猪自然交配的一项畜牧技术，由于猪输精量较大，冷冻精液技术尚不成熟，因此普遍采用常温人工授精（但应注意保持温度相对恒定）。这种方法的优点概括起来有以下几个方面：———大大提高公猪配种效率，至少提高１０倍以上。猪场一年一头公猪公配２００～３００头母猪，在社会上推广可配千头以上，减少公猪饲养量。———降低公猪选留比例，提高公猪的品质、遗传性能，加快育种、品种改良步伐。———切断传播途径，防止公猪通过交配传播疾病，尤其…     

顶体反应进程对公猪精液体外受精最佳精卵比的影响

精液质量参数相似公猪获得相同体外受精(in vitro fertilization,IVF)效果时所需精卵比不同的原因。常规方法鉴定公猪精液质量参数,以不同精卵比进行体外受精并确定不同公猪精液体外受精时的最佳精卵比,分别检测了各公猪精子结合透明带能力、获能及顶体反应状况。3头试验用公猪(A、B和C)精液在精子密度、活率、活力和畸形精子率上无显著差异(P0.05),17℃保存3 d内精子的活率在三者间无差异(P0.05)。3头公猪精液在IVF中达到最佳受精效率时所需的精卵比分别为500∶1、1 000∶1和200∶1。精子结合透明带能力和获能进程检测显示三者无显著差异(P0.05),但顶体反应进程检测显示三者间具有显著差异(P0.05)。顶体反应进程差异是导致相似精液质量精液之间在IVF中最佳精卵比不同的主要原因。     

工厂化猪场人工授精技术对二元杂交母猪繁殖性能的影响

对某猪场用杜洛克公猪以混合精液人工授精、自然效配加人工授精、自然交配３种配种方式配大长、长大二元杂交母猪,以及混合精液稀释后立即输精、精液以ＢＴＳ稀释后１７℃保存２４ｈ输精,观察其对第１情期配种分娩率、窝均产他数的影响。结果表明：与自然交配相比,人工授精对母猪第１情期配种分娩率和窝均产仔数影响差异皆不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）;保存精液对母猪第１情期配种分娩率和窜均产仔数影响差异也不显著产（Ｐ〉０．０５     

动物精液品质评定方法的研究进展

人工授精和体外受精技术的广泛应用,使精液保存技术得到了快速发展。精子的质量和功能状态直接影响其受精能力。文章综合阐述了近几年动物精液品质评定的方法:精子质膜完整性检测、线粒体活性的测定、受精能力的检测和精液中酶活性的测定。     

犬精液冷冻保存技术的研究进展

国内犬精液冷冻保存技术起步较晚,尚处在研究探索阶段,犬精液冷冻保存技术还不成熟,冷冻精液受胎率、窝产仔数与自然交配相比还有一定的差距,而且品种、地域、采精时间的不同,精液冷冻效果也不一致。从犬精液的冷冻保存方法、冷冻保护剂、解冻方法三个方面,综述了近年来国内外的犬精液冷冻研究成果,为探索更加有效的犬精液冷冻技术,提高犬精液冷冻效果提供参考。     

种公牛的饲养管理技术

种公牛是提高牛群质量最关健的因素,一头种公牛自然交配,与配母牛一年大约几百头。利用人工授精技术每年比本交能增加几倍。而用牛冷冻精液结合人工授精技术进行冷配每年配种母牛数量少则上万头,多则几万头。本文从饲养种公牛的基本要求出发,对种公牛的特性,营养与日常饲养管理、防疫和疾病防治,以及安全生产多方面做了整理介绍,以供同行参考。     

Management and Genetic Factors Affecting Fertility in Sows

Contents The purpose of this article is to summarize the current knowledge on genetic and management methods for improving fertility in sows. Fertilization rate, litter size and the interval between weaning and oestrus are traits that can be monitored on farms. These traits are heritable but can also be influenced by management. Age at puberty and the interval between weaning and oestrus are genetically linked ( r _g = 0.3) and a shorter weaning-to-oestrus interval is related to a longer duration of oestrus. Consequently, selection may be used to simplify detection of oestrus but because of variation in duration of oestrus between lines/breeds, farm-specific insemination strategies are needed. The direct boar effect on fertilization is small, probably due to the superabundance of sperm cells that is available in each dose of semen. Consequently, the use of a large number of sperm cells per dose is the best management tool for avoiding fertilization problems in sows. Health status of the boars, both for artificial insemination and natural mating, is of importance in order to produce a large number of sperm cells/doses of good quality per ejaculate. It is concluded that factors that influence fertility in sows, particularly prior to and during fertilization, are mainly related to oestrus and the optimal timing of insemination. Selection for adequate symptoms of oestrus, together with farm-specific insemination strategies are needed.     

Effect of linoleic acid albumin in a dilution solution and long-term equilibration for freezing of bovine spermatozoa with poor freezability

Despite normal eucrasia, mating desire and semen quality, sire bulls sometimes have spermatozoa with poor freezing tolerance. This study assessed effects of the addition of linoleic acid albumin (LAA) and long-term (LT) equilibrium to frozen semen on their sperm freezing tolerance. Immediately after collection using an artificial vagina and a breeding mount, semen was diluted with yolk citrate buffer; then, it was cooled slowly to 4°C during more than 5 h. Equilibrium treatment at 4°C was applied using the same extender supplemented with glycerol. Semen of bull A, with low sperm freezing tolerance, was treated with 1 mg/ml of LAA added to the first extender. The equilibrium treatment at 4°C was prolonged to 30 h. Significantly higher motility rates were obtained for the LT + LAA-treated sperm before and after freezing-thawing. However, for semen of bulls B and C with normal sperm freezing tolerance, the LT + LAA treatment barely exhibited a small effect on the motility rate. Almost no difference was found among bulls A, B and C in the motility rates of LT + LAA-treated sperm after freezing-thawing. No difference of fertility was apparent on LT + LAA-treated frozen sperm in comparison with normal sperm in embryonic collection and in vitro fertilization. It was not an aberration of fertility in vivo or in vitro. In addition, the conception rate of artificial insemination did not have a difference, and a normal calf was obtained. Results show that addition of LAA to an extender for frozen bovine spermatozoa and 30 h of low-temperature equilibrium might improve the motility of freezing-thawing spermatozoa with poor freezability. Sperm exhibited normal fertilization capability and ontogenic capability.     

动物精液质量检测方法研究进展

家畜精液质量的检测对于人工授精技术和体外受精技术的应用具有重要意义。目前,在人类生殖临床和畜牧生产中,评定精液质量的方法大多是几个指标联合检测,使得精液质量评价的结果更加科学和准确。文章综述了近年来家畜精液质量检测的新技术、新方法和新进展,以便较确切的反映精子的质量与受精能力。     

Improvement by ergonovine of sperm transport, fertilization and pregnancy rates in ewes in natural or prostaglandin-induced estrus

Eight experiments were conducted with 451 ewes to test effects of ergonovine, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and phenylephrine on sperm transport and fertility. In most experiments, ewes were mated at estrus and necropsied 2 or 3 h later. Sperm were flushed from the oviducts, uterus and anterior, middle and posterior thirds of the cervix and counted. Various doses of PGF2 alpha or phenylephrine given im at mating caused no significant increase in sperm numbers in any segment of the tract 2 h later. Three different dose levels of ergonovine were given im to ewes in natural estrus 1 h after mating and ewes were necropsied 3 h after mating. Doses of .2 and 1.0 mg were ineffective, but .5 mg increased sperm numbers about 10-fold in the oviducts and uterus. When given im at the time of artificial insemination, .6 mg of ergonovine increased the fertilization rate at 3 d from 5/25 in control ewes to 12/25 (P less than .05). In three experiments with ewes in PGF2 alpha-induced estrus, .6 mg of ergonovine increased sperm numbers in the cervix and uterus at 3 h after mating and in the uterus and oviducts at 23 h, near ovulation. Other ewes were artificially inseminated in the external cervical os and one-half of the ewes were given .6 mg of ergonovine im; ewes not returning to estrus were laparotomized at 22 to 26 d and embryos removed. After insemination during natural estrus with .2 ml of semen, pregnancy rates were 14/25 for control ewes and 15/25 for ergonovine-treated ewes; after insemination during natural estrus with .1 ml of semen, 6/35 and 18/35 (P less than .005); after insemination during PGF2 alpha-induced estrus with .2 ml of semen, 7/60 and 12/60. Fertilization and pregnancy rates combined were 32/145 (22%) for all control ewes and 57/145 (39%) for ergonovine-treated ewes (P less than .005).     

公猪繁殖性能评定

随着规模化养猪业的发展及人工授精技术的普及,公猪繁殖性能已是影响猪场经济效益的重要因素。如何准确评定公猪的繁殖能力,保证人工授精效果,进而保证母猪的繁殖性能的发挥,是养猪人工作中的重要环节。生产实践中最常用的是通过显微镜对猪精细胞水平进行检测。科研人员也在一直研究影响人工授精效果的因素,将精液的检测从细胞水平上升至分子水平,再用分子标记手段将公猪繁殖性能由检测提前至预测,最大限度地保证公猪的繁殖性能,保证优良公猪的性能得到最大程度的发挥。文章从精液品质、人工授精效果、分子水平检测、标记物等几个方面介绍公猪繁殖性能评价时需要衡量的指标,为公猪繁殖性能评定提供参考。     

奶牛人工授精的优缺点和技术要点

奶牛人工授精技术加速了奶牛品种改良进程,实现了将优秀种公牛精液跨区域、超时限的利用共享,极大地促进了养牛业的发展。以奶牛人工授精应用现状为出发点,介绍了人工授精技术的优点和不足,最后结合自身工作经验,从发情鉴定、适时配种、精液解冻、精液检测、输精、精液保存和妊娠检测等技术要点进行概述,以期更好地促进奶牛人工授精技术的应用。     

人工授精技术在骡鸭生产中的应用

番鸭与家鸭为不同属的鸭种,自然交配受精率较低,平均受精率为30%～40%。本研究采用人工授精技术,对公番鸭进行隔离调教,按摩法采精,母家鸭以翻肛法输精。结果表明:公番鸭调教1周即可使用,每天采精1次,采精量可达0.8毫升/只;精子在输精后第4天活力最强,两次输精间隔以4天为宜;常温下采出的新鲜精液应在30分钟用完;每只母家鸭每次输精0.05毫升,种蛋受精率平均达71.5%。