陕西定边长爪沙鼠的经济损害水平及防治指标研究

通过对陕北靖边县海子梁村荒漠化草原长爪沙鼠的危害状况调查研究,结果表明:平均相对鼠密度645.93有效洞口/hm2,平均经济损失228.69元/hm2,鼠密度与牧草减产量及其经济损失量之间呈正相关关系,R=0.938,有效洞口数(X)与草地植物减产量(M)的线性回归方程为:M=0.836 X-32.10。用溴敌隆进行大面积防治,测得在防治成本42.75元/hm2、防效为73.34%时,防治收益为167.72元/hm2,投入产出比1∶3.92;经济允许损失率8.00%,约为实际损失率(31.42%)的1/4;经济损害水平193.46有效洞口/hm2,最佳防治指标115.00有效洞口/hm2,符合"得失"的防治原则。     

高寒草甸草地高原鼢鼠的防治指标研究

高原鼢鼠是天祝县高寒草甸草地的优势鼠类,危害严重。5月鼠密度在5.2只/hm2～15.9只/hm2之间,至9月造成牧草损失322kg/hm2。通过调查鼠密度和牧草损失量,结果充分显示鼢鼠的种群密度与其造成的损失量之间呈明显的正相关关系,其回归方程式为:M=5.07X+26.06。通过防治综合分析研究后提出在甘肃天祝县高寒草甸草地高原鼢鼠的防治指标为8.3只/hm2,在5月份防治。     

长爪沙鼠内脏器官质量测定

长爪沙鼠 (ＭｅｒｉｏｎｅｓＵｎｇｕｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ)越来越广泛地应用于生命科学的研究领域 ,但由于长爪沙鼠做为实验动物的历史尚短 ,对长爪沙鼠生理、解剖方面的报道甚少 ,为此笔者对长爪沙鼠的主要内脏器官及体长进行了测定。1　材料与方法1.1　材料1.1.1　动物　选驯养早期 ,但尚未完全适应饲养环境的野生长爪沙鼠 60只 ,其中雌性 2 2只 ,雄性 3 8只 ,体质量均在 42～114ｇ ,成龄未交配过。1.1.2　器材　扭力天平、尺、手术刀1.1.3　药品乙醚1.2　方法先将长爪沙鼠用乙醚麻醉 ,称体质量、量体长和尾长 ,然后断头取血 (供血检查用 ) ,…     

使用肉毒素结合生态综合防治长爪沙鼠效益浅析

扎鲁特旗从2001年开始大面积应用C、D型肉毒素毒饵灭鼠、围封草地、补播改良等综合治理措施开展草地灭鼠工作,收到了切实的效益。为了提高对草地保护工作重要性的认识、实践经验和应用技术推广力度,笔者就扎鲁特旗多年来草地应用肉毒素、围封、补播等综合治理措施防治长爪沙鼠技术的情况及效益浅析作为借鉴。     

长爪沙鼠组织乳酸脱氢酶同工酶测定

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定长爪沙鼠的心、肝、肾、脾、胃、肺等６种组织乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的分布特异性，为应用长爪沙鼠作为实验动物的研究工作提供了重要的生化数据。     

河西走廊草地害鼠及防治对策

１９８８￣１９９３年在河西走廊西端的安西县对草地主要害鼠的调查结果表明，三趾跳鼠和子午沙鼠是该地区的优势种，并根据鼠类危害程度和损失提出了防治对策。     

长爪沙鼠舌下腺IgA的免疫组织化学研究

利用免疫组织化学等方法,测定不同年龄段实验长爪沙鼠舌下腺IgA的定位分布情况。结果表明,长爪沙鼠的舌下腺由导管部和分泌部构成,分泌部主要由粘液腺构成,其间散在分布有浆液腺细胞;导管部包括闰管、分泌管和小叶间导管等。粘液腺泡内含酸性粘多糖,浆液腺泡内主要以中性粘多糖为多,IgA阳性细胞主要分布于闰管、分泌管和小叶间导管,少量分布于腺泡和腺管间结缔组织,IgA阳性产物无明显规律性年龄变化,主要分布于胞质,胞核。     

长爪沙鼠早期驯育及主要脏器测定

对野生长爪沙鼠做了系列的实验动物化研究。用乙醚浅麻醉法解决了同居时的殴斗伤亡。肯定了一雄一雌频密繁殖法的优点，测定了心、肝、肾、脾、等主要脏器重量值，并发现野生鼠略大于驯化鼠。     

河西走廊荒漠草原白刺夜蛾生活习性及防治研究

为防制白刺夜蛾危害固沙植物白刺,保持河西走廊荒漠草原生态平衡,观察白刺夜蛾(Lei-ometopon simyrides Staudinger)害虫生活习性和天敌,观察显示白刺夜蛾在河西走廊荒漠草原上,1年发生3代,以蛹在土中越冬,主要以白刺(Nitraria spp)为食,幼虫期是其主要危害期。在干旱的荒漠草原上,6~8月3个月的平均降雨量超过38 mm,白刺生长茂盛,有利于白刺夜蛾幼虫的生长发育,使害虫数量大爆发,反之虫口密度急剧降低。不难得出最佳防治时间是每年的5月下旬至6月上旬。要充分利用和保护天敌以维持荒漠草原的生态平衡。     

Undifferentiated Sarcoma of the Salivary Gland in a Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

A subcutaneous mass was found in the lower ventral neck region of a 55-week-old male Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Histopathologically, the mass involved salivary glands and featured diffuse proliferation of pleomorphic neoplastic cells with large necrotic foci. The lesion was well demarcated from the surrounding tissue, although invasive growth to fibrous septa was occasionally observed. The neoplastic cells were mainly arranged in irregular sheets with severe cellular atypia, round to oval nuclei and varying amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm. Mitotic figures and multinucleated giant cells were frequent. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the neoplastic cells were strongly positive for vimentin and S-100 and negative for NSE, cytokeratin, α-SMA, c-kit, factor VIII, CD34, α-1-antitrypsin, lysozyme and MSR-A. Based on the results, the mass was diagnosed as an undifferentiated sarcoma of the salivary gland. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a tumor in Mongolian gerbils.     

荒漠草原区饲草料平衡供给技术研究

通过增加天然草原面积和调整人工饲草料地的种植结构及规模,来增加饲草产量,以减轻天然草原放牧压力,达到荒漠草原区饲草料供给平衡。     

基于MODIS的河西走廊高平原荒漠草原区生产力遥感模型研究

采用2008年河西走廊高平原荒漠草原区地面监测数据,结合MODIS数据生成的evi、ndvi、rvi、osavi、tvi、msavi、dvi等7种植被指数,分别建立一次函数、对数、幂、指数、二次多项式等5种模型,共建立35个估产模型,比较每个模型的决定系数,选出rvi建立的对数模型为最佳模型。运用2007年、2009年的地面产草量数据对估产模型进行验证,估产精度均在75%以上。因此,利用rvi建立的对数模型最能反映实际的地上生物量,具有跨年度利用的实际价值。     

In vitro progesterone production of corpus luteum in pregnant Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

The present study was conducted to determine the in vitro progesterone (P₄) production by Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) corpus luteum (CL) on days 9, 18 and 22 of pregnancy in comparison with rat CL on days 9 and 16. The culture medium of one CL per well of a 96‐well plate was changed after 4 h incubation and the CL were further cultured for 24 h. The P₄ in serum and in the medium were measured by enzyme immunoassay system. Gerbil CL weight measured after 24 h incubation was at the same level for all 3 days of pregnancy and significantly different from that of the rat CL for the 2 days of pregnancy. The serum P₄ level in gerbils was high in early pregnancy and decreased in advanced days of pregnancy. In contrast, the P₄ in rats was higher in the latter half of pregnancy. In vitro P₄ production by a single CL after 4 h incubation decreased significantly during the days of pregnancy in both the gerbil and the rat. P₄ values produced by the gerbil CL for 24 h incubation were significantly higher than after 4 h incubation in all 3 days of pregnancy, however, there was no difference between the two incubation time groups in the rat. In vitro P₄ production by CL correlated well with the serum P₄ level on the 3 days of pregnancy in the gerbil. In the rat, however, the relationship was inversed between the two parameters. The correlation in this experiment suggested that CL is the sole source of P₄ for the maintenance of the gerbil pregnancy, with the result of abortion after an ovariectomy on day 20 of pregnancy as described in our previous report.     

河西走廊荒漠草地阔胫萤叶甲生活习性及危害

通过对阔胫萤叶甲Pallasiola absinthii害虫生活习性及危害的研究,发现在甘肃河西半荒漠草原上,阔胫萤叶甲1年发生1代,以卵在草丛基部土层中越冬,主要以驴驴蒿Artemisia dalailamae为食,幼虫期是其主要危害期.阔胫萤叶甲的幼虫具有极强的耐饥饿能力,在不食状态下能存活27d之久;水淹3h后仍能复活;不耐冻,在幼虫孵化出土后遇霜冻气候,对其发生蔓延有抑制作用.适于防治阔胫萤叶甲虫害的农药是4.5%氯氰菊脂和水胺硫磷,其最佳施药量为900和750mL/hm2.     

不同地域长爪沙鼠群体间遗传状况分析

应用27个生化基因位点,分别对首都医科大学实验动物科学部和浙江省实验动物中心饲育的2个长爪沙鼠群体进行了遗传分析。结果显示,首都医科大学实验动物科学部长爪沙鼠群体遗传适应性、遗传多样性水平、遗传变异程度都明显高于浙江省实验动物中心沙鼠群体（P〈0.05）,并且这2个沙鼠群体间未出现较为明显的遗传分化（FST〉0.05）。     

Influences of grassland degradation on forage availability by sheep in the Inner Mongolian steppes of China

In China and throughout the world, evaluation of the nutrient values of forages has always lagged behind research regarding the nutrient requirements of animals. In this study, the effective degradability and availability of forages were evaluated on undegraded and degraded grassland using a technique where nylon bags were incubated in sheep rumen. We found that the concentrations of organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), non‐fiber carbohydrates (NFC) and carbohydrates (CHO) of forage were higher (P < 0.05) and the crude protein (CP) concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in the degraded grassland than in the undegraded grassland. The effective degradability (ED) of NFC (ED_NFC) was higher (P < 0.05) and ED_CHO and ED_NDF were lower in the undegraded grassland than in the degraded grassland. The ED_OM and ED_CP were not affected by the type of grassland, which may explain why ED is an inadequate parameter for the evaluation of forage availability. According to an analysis of the ratio of effectively degraded N to OM and NFC, plants of the undegraded grassland can provide more digestive nutrients to meet the requirements of grazing animals compared to plants of the degraded grassland. Results suggested that it is inadequate to consider only chemical composition and effective degradability when evaluating forage availability with grassland degradation. The ratio of effectively degraded N to OM and NFC was an appropriate indicator.     

宁夏荒漠草原植物群落特征对不同轮牧开始时间的响应

合理的轮牧开始时间对科学利用荒漠草原具有重要意义。以宁夏荒漠草原为对象,对不同轮牧开始时间下植物群落特征和可食牧草养分含量进行了研究。结果表明,1)经过两年放牧,轮牧开始时间对植物物种组成影响较小;轮牧开始早的草地植物密度高于晚轮牧草地,但盖度和地上生物量相反。2)随轮牧开始时间推后,短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)、牛枝子(Lespedeza potanini)、赖草(Leymus secalinus)、银灰旋花(Conrolulus ammannii)等主要植物的重要值升高,隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)则呈相反趋势,老瓜头(Cynanchum komarovii)变化规律不明显;这几种植物的密度、盖度和地上生物量对轮牧开始时间响应不同。3)轮牧增加了植物物种多样性,晚开始轮牧草地植物物种优势度较早开始草地低,但均匀度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数增加。4)随轮牧开始时间推后,草地采食率和牧草粗蛋白含量下降。研究认为,固定时间和顺序的轮牧方式会使草地植被异质性增加,应根据植被状况对轮牧时间作适当调整,年度间小区要以不同顺序进行轮牧。