甜椒贮藏病害及其防腐措施的研究

鉴定发现，甜椒果实贮藏期间的主要真菌病害有：甜椒灰霉病（Ｂｏｔｒｙｔｉｓ ｃｉｎｅｒｅａＰｅｒｓ．）、甜椒果腐病［Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａ ａｌｔｅｒｎａｔａ（Ｆｒ．） Ｋｅｉｓｓｌ］及甜椒根霉腐烂病（Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｕｓｎｉｇｒｉｃａｎｓ Ｅｈｒ．）等。化学药剂抑菌试验结果表明：ＣＨＣ（次氯酸钙）、ＤＭＦ（富马酸二甲酯）效果最好；ＳＢ（仲丁胺衍生物）、ＹＯＰＰ（乙酸ＯＰＰ）、ＫＭ（克霉灵－５０％的仲丁胺）、 Ｉ２（碘制剂）、 ＣｌＯ２（二氧化氯）次之。这些药剂用于处理接种灰霉病菌或未接种病菌的甜椒果实，其防腐效果以ＣＨＣ ０．０１５％、Ｉ２０．０５％、ＳＢ０．１ｍＬ／ｋｇ和ＫＭ０．１ｍＬ／ｋｇ较好。     

羊肚菌人工栽培技术

羊肚菌人工栽培技术羊肚菌人工栽培获得成功。现将其栽培技术公开如下：１．栽培料配方：（１）农作物秸粉７５％，裁皮２０％，磷肥１％，石膏１％，石灰０．５％，腐殖土３％；（２）木屑７５％，麸皮２０％，磷肥１％，石膏１％，腐殖土３％，（３）棉籽壳７５％，麸皮...     

猕猴桃幼果期钙处理对果实贮藏和品质的影响

以中华猕猴桃品系湘酃８０－２为试材,在幼果期进行浸钙处理。结果表明：不同钙处理能不同程度地延长猕猴桃果实贮藏期,其中以０．５％Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２处理对果实贮藏中品质的综合效果最好;０．５％Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２＋１００ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１萘乙酸能显著提高果实硬度与贮藏性能。     

猴头菌产量与培养料含氮量的动态关系

选用２０种配方进行猴头菌的栽培试验。培养料配方为棉籽壳、木屑和麦麸,其含Ｎ量为０．２２％￣１．４２％。试验结果表明,猴头菌子实体干物质绝对生物学效率（ＡＢＥ％＝ｙ１）,经济效益（ｙ２）与培养料含Ｎ量（Ｎ％＝ｘ１）之间的动态关系符合Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程：ｙ１＝１０．００／（１＋３．４２４２ｅ＾－２．３２１５ｘ１）,ｒ’ｙ１ｘ１＝－０．８６４８＾＊＊,Ｐ〉０．０１;ｙ２＝３．００／（１＋８．６７９１ｅ     

肺形侧耳P95418菌株栽培特性研究

采用二因子试验方法，设计７种培养料配方和４种栽培方法对肺形侧耳Ｐ９５４１８菌株进行优化栽培试验。结果表明，熟料栽培方法效果最好，生物学效率高于１００％。适宜配方依次为：稻草培养料（稻草８４％，麦麸１５％，石膏粉１％），橡胶树木屑培养料（橡胶树木屑８４％，麦麸１５％，石膏粉１％），橡胶树木屑＋甘蔗渣培养料（橡胶树木屑４０％，甘蔗渣４４％，麦麸１５％，石膏粉１％），甘蔗渣培养料（甘蔗渣８４％，麦麸１５％，石膏粉１％）。肺形侧耳在雷州半岛一年四季都可出菇，尤以初夏和秋季出菇最理想。     

辣木枝屑栽培糙皮侧耳初探

目的:利用辣木枝屑为主料栽培糙皮侧耳。方法:通过辣木与常规配方对比试验,研究辣木对糙皮侧耳菌丝生长速度、菌丝长势及生物转化率的影响,以此评价辣木枝屑为主料栽培糙皮侧耳的可行性。结果:糙皮侧耳在辣木枝屑为主料的各配方中均能正常生长和出菇,以配方④(辣木枝屑60%,棉子壳38%,石灰1%,石膏1%)和配方⑤(辣木枝屑50%,杂木屑23%,棉子壳25%,石灰1%,石膏1%)表现最佳,菌丝长势强,生长速度分别为8.0 mm/d和7.3 mm/d,生物转化率分别为96.03%和93.51%,且均优于对照组。结论:辣木枝屑可用于栽培糙皮侧耳。     

正交试验法在龙眼和荔枝组织培养中的应用

利用正交设计试验法研究了椰乳（ＣＭ）、２,４－Ｄ、赤霉素（ＧＡ３）和蔗糖等四个因素及其组合对石硖龙眼和桂味荔枝的幼胚愈伤组织产生的影响,并讨论了正交设计试验法应用于龙眼和荔枝组织培养基筛选的可能性。结果表明：１）对龙眼,诱导愈伤组织的最优组合是ＣＭ１０％、２,４－Ｄ１．０ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１和蔗糖３％;对荔枝,最优组合是ＣＭ０％,２,４－Ｄ１．０ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１,ＧＡ３０ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１和蔗糖５％。２）适当     

葛根渣栽培糙皮侧耳配方筛选试验

试验以葛根渣为主料,设计不同的培养基配方进行糙皮侧耳栽培试验研究。结果表明,以65%葛根渣和17%杂木糠组成的培养基配方D,栽培的糙皮侧耳子实体产量和生物转化率高,且菌丝体洁白、粗壮,出菇周期短。     

无土基质与营养液EC值对切花菊生长发育的影响

探讨了营养液不同水平ＥＣ值与３ 种栽培基质对切花菊生长发育的影响。结果表明， 在‘日本黄菊’现蕾期前， 锯末混合河沙基质， 营养液ＥＣ 值为３ ．６ ～４ ．０ ｍＳ·ｃｍ － １ 对菊花生长发育较好； ＫＤ１ 型高吸水性树脂混河沙基质， 营养液ＥＣ值为２．６～３ ．０ ｍＳ·ｃｍ － １ 为宜。锯末混炉渣的ＥＣ值以２．０～２ ．５ ｍＳ·ｃｍ － １ 适宜。在上述ＥＣ 值下， 菊花生长发育良好， 切花外观达标率高。在生长发育良好状态下（ＥＣ３ ．１ ～３ ．５） 菊花组织矿质元素含量为： Ｎ （３６ ．７８ ±１２．０９） 、Ｐ （６．７０ ±２．６３） 、Ｋ （５７ ．４３ ±２２ ．１０） 、Ｃａ （５ ．４９±２ ．０３） 、Ｍｇ （１．８０ ±０．４９） ｍｇ·ｇ－ １ 。     

正交试验法在龙眼和荔枝组织培养中的应用

利用正交设计试验法研究了椰乳（ＣＭ）、２，４－Ｄ、赤霉素（ＧＡ３）和蔗糖等四个因素及其组合对石硖龙眼和桂味荔枝的幼胚愈伤组织产生的影响，并讨论了正交设计试验法应用于龙眼和荔枝组织培养培养基筛选的可能性。结果表明：１）对龙眼，诱导愈伤组织的最优组合是 ＣＭ １０％、２，４－Ｄ１．０ｍｇ·１－１、ＧＡ３０ｍｇ·１－１和蔗糖３％；对荔枝，最优组合是ＣＭ０％，２，４－Ｄ１．０ｍｇ·１－１，ＧＡ３０ｍｇ·１－１和蔗糖 ５％。 ２）适当的 ２，４－Ｄ浓度（１．０ ｍｇ·１－１）可提高愈伤组织的产量；３）ＧＡ３抑制了龙眼和荔枝的愈伤组织的产生；４）不同树种的胚需要不同的糖浓度；５）适当ＣＭ浓度（１０％）可提高龙眼愈伤组织的产量，而荔枝愈伤组织的产生并不需要ＣＭ。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.