山西省黑果腺肋花楸产业发展问题及对策

黑果腺肋花楸产业在我国正处于发展时期,目前,黑果腺肋花楸的栽培在山西省也得到了推广。调查表明,黑果腺肋花楸产业发展中存在很多问题,如盲目引种、栽培管理中技术水平低、市场销售渠道不畅等多种现实存在的问题。解决这些问题需要不同部门的合作,并搞好技术人员培训,普及黑果腺肋花楸栽培管理技术,以实现黑果腺肋花楸产业的良好快速发展。     

黑果腺肋花楸在南京地区的生长结实表现及栽培技术要点

黑果腺肋花楸是一种新兴的经济林小浆果灌木,集观叶、观花和观果价值于一身,且具有较强的生态适应性,果实富含较高的营养和药用价值,发展潜力较大.黑果腺肋花楸在南京地区引种栽培7 a,生长表现良好.该文重点阐述了黑果腺肋花楸在南京地区的生长结实表现以及其物候期、果实性状和品质等指标.并介绍了其在南京地区的栽培要点,包括种植园...     

不同花楸品系嫁接成活率研究初报

通过对大果花楸（Sorbus megalocarpa）、水榆花楸（Sorbus alnifolia）、百花花楸（Sorbus pohuashanensis）、欧洲花楸（Sorbus aucuparia）的11个品种在寒冷地区的进行嫁接试验研究,结果表明：大果花楸、百花花楸、欧洲大黄果、欧洲小黄果、百花小黄果、水榆花楸、欧洲小红果的嫁接成活率较高,欧洲黄皮的嫁接成活率最低,欧洲红芽、百花小红果、百花大红果的嫁接成活率一般。     

欧美国家黑果腺肋花楸栽培技术研究现状

阐述了黑果腺肋花楸在欧美发达国家栽培研究现状及发展水平。黑果腺肋花楸栽培研究以物候观测、品种繁育、多酚积累研究为主。目前,黑果腺肋花楸特殊功能性已经被广泛认知,其相关产业也已经在欧美国家建立和发展起来。借鉴和利用西方国家的研究成果,为快速促进我国黑果腺肋花楸种植产业建立和发展提供参考。     

黑果腺肋花楸果实总黄酮的抗氧化活性探究

探究黑果腺肋花楸果实总黄酮体外抗氧化活性。采用课题组前期优化后的提取纯化方法制备黑果腺肋花楸总黄酮冻干粉末,以维生素C为对照品,测定黑果腺肋花楸果实总黄酮对ABTS+自由基、羟自由基(·OH)、超氧自由基(O^-₂)和DPPH·自由基的清除能力。结果表明：黑果腺肋花楸果实总黄酮具有较强的体外抗氧化活性。     

黑果腺肋花楸在太原地区的引种栽培初探

黑果腺肋花楸是集食用、药用、园林和生态价值于一身的蔷薇科落叶灌木。通过对黑果腺肋花楸在山西太原地区进行栽培试验,对其形态特征、开花结果习性、物候期及生长表现进行观测,结果表明：黑果腺肋花楸树种在太原地区生长良好,可作为干旱半干旱地区营造水土保持林的重要树种和经济林树种。     

不同产地的黑果腺肋花楸抗氧化活性比较

以产自黑龙江黑河和辽宁沈阳海城地区的黑果腺肋花楸为试材,比较两地黑果腺肋花楸的水分、百粒重、总酸、还原糖以及灰分的含量差异,并比较不同试样浓度黑果腺肋花楸水提物的抗氧化活性,以探究黑果腺肋花楸的基本成分与抗氧化活性是否受地域影响。结果表明:地域差异对黑龙江黑河和辽宁沈阳海城地区的黑果腺肋花楸的水分含量影响不大,对百粒重、总酸、还原糖以及灰分含量的影响较大,存在显著性差异。地域差异对黑龙江黑河和辽宁沈阳海城地区的黑果腺肋花楸的水提物抗氧化活性影响较大,不同产地黑果腺肋花楸水提物的DPPH清除率为黑龙江黑河辽宁沈阳海城,铁离子还原力为黑龙江黑河辽宁沈阳海城,羟基自由基清除率为黑龙江黑河辽宁沈阳海城,不同试样浓度水提物内各组存在显著性差异。     

黑果腺肋花楸的开发利用价值及栽培技术

本文对黑果腺肋花楸的应用价值、目前在国内外的产业开发状况、栽植黑果腺肋花楸的立地条件、栽植技术以及苗木管理等进行了全面系统地阐述。黑果腺肋花楸用途广、发展潜力大,是一种优良的经济林树种,值得大力推广栽植。提取黑果腺肋花楸果实中的有益成分,研发出产品必将给人类的健康带来极大好处。     

浅谈发展黑果腺肋花楸的价值、问题与对策

文章通过"948项目"引进的黑果腺肋花楸为研究对象,简要阐述了黑果腺肋花楸概况、研究价值、存在的问题以及相应的对策,旨在为黑果腺肋花楸的研究和生产提供参考。     

黑果腺肋花楸化学功效及产业开发的研究进展

在国内外黑果腺肋花楸(Aronia melanocarpa Elliot)化学研究和药理研究的基础上,对黑果腺肋花楸的产业开发进行综述,旨在为黑果腺肋花楸的产业化发展提供一些理论依据。     

Developmental decline in height growth in Douglas-fir

The characteristic decline in height growth that occurs over a tree's lifespan is often called "age-related decline." But is the reduction in height growth in aging trees a function of age or of size? We grafted shoot tips across different ages and sizes of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees to determine whether the decline in height growth is mediated by tree size or by the age of the apical meristem. We also evaluated whether reduced carbon assimilation plays an important role in height growth decline. In one experiment we cut shoot tips from old-growth, young-mature and seedling trees and grafted them onto 2-year-old graft-compatible rootstock in a seed orchard in Lebanon, Oregon. In another experiment we performed reciprocal grafts between lateral branches of old-growth trees accessible from the canopy crane at Wind River, Washington and young-mature trees in a nearby plantation. We measured growth (diameter and elongation of the dominant new stem) and mortality annually for three years in the Seed Orchard experiment and for two years in the Reciprocal Graft experiment. In the Seed Orchard experiment we also measured photosynthetic capacity (determined from the response of net carbon assimilation to the intercellular CO(2) concentration of the leaf, or A/C(i) curves), leaf mass per area (LMA) and carbon isotope composition (delta(13)C) of cellulose in 1-year-old foliage. Grafting caused changes in both growth and physiology of the grafted stems. Within two years after grafting, growth and physiology of all combinations of scions and rootstock exhibited characteristics of the rootstock. In some cases, the change in growth was dramatic-cuttings from old-growth trees showed a 10-fold increase in stem elongation rate within 2 years of grafting onto seedling rootstock. Similarly, carbon isotope discrimination of new foliage on shoots from old-growth trees increased by nearly 3 per thousand and 2 per thousand after grafting onto young-mature and seedling rootstock, respectively, whereas discrimination decreased by a similar magnitude in scions from young-mature trees after grafting on old- growth trees. Furthermore, differences in carbon assimilation estimated from carbon isotope discrimination and A/C(i )relationships were small relative to growth differences. Our results confirm that size, not age, drives developmental changes in height growth in Douglas-fir. Reduced carbon assimilation does not play an important role in height growth decline.     

矮化果树在北方的栽培技术探究

矮化果树的栽培技术的发展对于水果产量的提高来说具有重要意义,因此,通过对矮化果树的栽培技术:矮化砧木栽培技术、矮化果树的嫁接技术、生长抑制剂的利用、矮化栽培技术的栽培方式的介绍,以期对矮化果树在北方的栽培技术有所启示.     

锥栗芽苗砧嫁接技术

为了提高锥栗芽苗砧嫁接成活率,以野生锥栗种子作为砧木,以‘华栗3号’当年生营养枝作为接穗,采用嫩枝劈接法,研究4个嫁接时期(4月20日、5月10日、6月1日、7月10日)、5种日龄砧木(20、30、45、60、90 d)和封口材料及封口方式(铝箔、嫁接膜封顶、嫁接膜不封顶)对锥栗芽苗砧嫁接成活率的影响。结果表明:封口材料与封口方式对嫁接成活率存在较大影响,不同的封口材料与封口方式处理的嫁接苗成活率从高到低依次为:嫁接膜封顶、铝箔、嫁接膜不封顶;6月1日为最佳嫁接时期,嫁接膜封顶处理的嫁接成活率达64.00%;砧木年龄过小(20 d)或过大(90 d)均对嫁接成活不利,当砧木日龄为45 d时,嫁接成活率最高,为69.33%。     

Cloning of erect,thornless, non-browsed nitrogen fixing trees of Haiti's principal fuelwood species (Prosopis juliflora)

A progeny trial in Haiti compared 70 open-pollinated families ofProsopis representing seed sources from Haiti, Peru, Chile, Argentina and southwestern US. At the end of 4 years growth, the tallest 6 families were of Peruvian origin. Some of these Peruvian trees (probablyP. juliflora) were thornless, had erect habit and were non-browsed by goats, unlike other thornlessProsopis alba families from South America. Scions from the 5 tallest spineless and most erect trees were transported from Haiti to Texas A&I University where they were successfully grafted ontoP. alba rootstock. These scions should have great potential for grafting onto existing weedyProsopis and for grafting onto rootstock previously shown to tolerate salinities of seawater and pH values of 10.3.     

Windthrow resistance of apple trees grafted in an orchard

Pull-down tests were conducted for apple trees grafted in an orchard and for support posts in order to discuss the failure mode in windthrow damage, the effect of rootstock types on the uprooting strength, and the reinforcing effect of support posts on young trees. The test samples were ten mature trees (20–23 years old) of three varieties grafted on two types of rootstocks, three young trees (7 years old) grafted on dwarf rootstocks, and nine support posts of larch logs and steel pipes. The failure modes were found to be uprooting for mature trees and rootstock breakage for young trees. The uprooting strength of apple trees was considerably smaller than the uprooting strength of forest trees reported in previous studies. However, the windthrow resistance of the apple trees with respect to the critical wind velocity was estimated to be sufficient despite their low uprooting strength because of their small height. Young trees should be supported with wooden posts for a few years after grafting so that they acquire sufficient windthrow resistance. Part of this study was published in the report for the Grant-in-Aid for Collaborative Research by NOASTEC (No. H17-kyo-048)     

美国东部黑核桃与核桃的嫁接亲和力研究

通常对核桃和美国东部黑核桃嫁接的成活率进行比较,证明美国东部黑核桃和核桃具有很强的嫁接亲和力,为将来利用美国东部黑核桃做为核桃嫁接砧木提供了有力的证据。     

Clonal propagation of Leucaena by single bud splice grafting with a new grafting tool,and by modified veneer crown grafting

A simple tool called the graft guide, and its use with a new grafting technique called the single-bud splice (SBS) graft is described. The graft guide assures precise complementary rootstock and scion cuts, and thus ensures good cambial contact necessary for graft union formation. The use of this tool to graft small (3–15 mm) vegetative shoots of Leucaena species and hybrids is illustrated. An overall grafting success rate of 72% was achieved using this technique for several leucaenas. An additional modified veneer grafting technique for use when rootstock is larger in diameter than the scion, achieved 73% success. Graft compatibility results from 961 grafts between scions of 15 Leucaena species and three interspecific hybrids, and rootstocks of two species are presented. Of the 48 scion/rootstock combinations attempted, 43 (90%) were successful.     

大别山区利用野生板栗就地嫁接的研究

本文系统总结了大别山区野生板栗就地嫁接中的主要问题。认为:利用野生板栗作砧木比选用茅栗作砧木成活率高;接穗品质低劣是影响成林产量的主要原因;改劈接为插皮接,嫁接幼树夏季摘心是提高嫁接成活率的关键;清除林内杂灌,预防病虫害,高接改造劣株是提高产量的有效措施。     

杂种鹅掌楸低砧劈接覆土嫁接技术的研究

在杂种鹅掌楸大范围推广应用中,各地开展了多种多样嫁接繁殖技术的研究。针对嫁接方法的技术要点,开展具有操作易、成效高的低砧劈接覆土的嫁接新技术试验研究,结果获得高达87.4%的嫁接成活率。接位低使接穗基端处在砧木根颈部位,根颈部位发育最年幼,生活力强极易产生愈伤组织。早春嫁接之后覆土,保湿保温效果好,有利接株愈合成活。     

营建油茶换冠采穗圃的嫁接技术试验初报

以普通油茶作砧木和接穗进行大树嫁接换冠,研究不同嫁接条件对油茶接穗成活及生长的影响。结果表明:砧木年龄、嫁接时期、接穗保存时间对接穗成活有显著影响,断砧高度对接穗成活没有显著影响;砧木年龄、断砧高度、嫁接时期对接穗新梢长度有显著影响,接穗保存时间在接穗成活后对新梢长度没有显著影响。选择20 a砧木+25～50 cm断砧高度+6月上旬+采穗当天嫁接,最有利于提高油茶的嫁接成活率和新梢长度。