种青养鱼模式下的草鱼肌肉营养成分和品质特性

为探究种青养鱼养殖模式对草鱼肌肉营养成分和品质特性的影响,随机选取以种青喂草为主养殖模式下养殖的草鱼(生态草鱼)和投喂人工配合饲料进行养殖的草鱼(饲料草鱼)各16尾,测定其肌肉系水力和质构特性指标,以及肌肉常规营养成分、矿物元素、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量。结果显示,生态草鱼和饲料草鱼肝体比和空壳率无显著性差异;生态草鱼肌肉系水力指标中滴水损失显著低于饲料草鱼,冷冻渗出率不显著地低于饲料草鱼,失水率不显著地高于饲料草鱼,p H值无显著性差异;肌肉的硬度、弹性、凝聚性、胶黏性和回复性均无显著性差异;生态草鱼粗脂肪含量显著低于饲料草鱼,水分、灰分、粗蛋白含量均无显著性差异;生态草鱼P和Fe含量均显著高于饲料草鱼,Mg、Mn和Cr含量均极显著高于饲料草鱼;生态草鱼和饲料草鱼肌肉氨基酸组成基本一致,均含有17种氨基酸,其中人体必需氨基酸总量分别为6.85%和6.27%。生态草鱼必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为76.07,而饲料草鱼为77.29,饲料草鱼略高于生态草鱼。生态草鱼和饲料草鱼肌肉均含19种脂肪酸,其中棕榈酸、花生四烯酸(ARA)、亚油酸(LA)、油酸、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和硬脂酸含量较高,为主要脂肪酸,而花生五烯酸(EPA)+DHA含量分别为8.95%和10.70%,且差异显著。研究表明,生态草鱼和饲料草鱼在肌肉质构特性方面无显著性差异,与饲料草鱼相比,生态草鱼具有肌肉系水力强、低脂肪和矿物元素含量高的特点。     

短时间微流水处理对池塘养殖草鱼鱼肉品质的提升作用

以池塘养殖草鱼为对象,采用室内微流水系统处理草鱼,研究处理时间(0、1、4、7和10 d)对草鱼鱼肉基本营养组成、滋味特征和滋味成分、气味特征和气味成分、感官评分的影响,以评价短时间微流水处理对草鱼鱼肉品质的提升作用。结果显示,微流水处理对草鱼鱼肉的基本营养成分、滋味成分、气味成分和感官评分均有显著影响。随着微流水处理时间延长,草鱼鱼肉中脂肪和总糖含量显著下降、灰分含量显著增加,但鱼肉中蛋白质含量无明显差异。滋味分析仪(电子舌)和气味分析仪(电子鼻)检测结果表明,微流水处理能显著改变草鱼鱼肉的滋味特征和气味特征。处理后的草鱼鱼肉中IMP、鲜味氨基酸(天冬氨酸和谷氨酸)、甜味氨基酸(丝氨酸和丙氨酸)、苦味氨基酸(亮氨酸和异亮氨酸)含量显著增加,而其总挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)等含量显著减少。微流水处理4 d的草鱼鱼肉气味评分、滋味评分和色泽评分显著高于处理0和1 d的草鱼样品,而与处理7和10 d的草鱼样品无差异。研究表明,短时间微流水处理能有效提升草鱼鱼肉品质,适宜处理时间为4 d,处理后的草鱼鱼肉腥味明显减弱、鲜味明显增强。     

不同饲料原料对草鱼生长和肌肉品质的影响

分别以专用配合饲料、浸泡蚕豆、浸泡豌豆喂养体质量为(1540.9±57.5)g的草鱼(Cteno-pharyngodon idellus)90d,以考察不同原料对草鱼生长和肌肉品质的影响。结果表明,配合饲料组、浸泡蚕豆组和浸泡豌豆组草鱼的增重率分别为17.3%、13.7%和12.2%,饵料系数分别为5.00、4.09和5.08,三种原料对草鱼的脏体比、肝体比没有显著影响;与普通草鱼相比,三种原料组草鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量和肌肉失水率显著降低(P0.05),胶原蛋白含量和肌原纤维长度显著增加(P0.05)。上述结果表明,三种原料均可显著改善草鱼肌肉品质;与浸泡蚕豆组相比,专用配合饲料组显著提高了草鱼的生长性能。     

金草鱼与中国4个草鱼群体的微卫星多态性比较分析

20世纪90年代,中国引进了一批体色呈金黄色的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus),生产上俗称金草鱼。为了解金草鱼群体的遗传结构和遗传多样性,利用15个微卫星DNA标记对金草鱼群体与中国草鱼群体(长江水系的沅江群体、宁乡群体、洪湖群体和珠江水系的西江群体)进行遗传结构和系统进化分析。结果表明15个微卫星位点均具有较高的多态性,多态信息含量(PIC)为0.763~0.939。金草鱼群体的遗传多样性水平[期望杂合度(HE)=0.662]低于中国草鱼群体[HE=0.852~0.885]。遗传分化指数(FST)分析显示,金草鱼群体与沅江群体之间的遗传分化属于高度分化(0.15FST0.25),与其他3个草鱼群体之间属于中度分化(0.05FST0.15)。遗传距离分析显示,金草鱼群体与西江群体遗传距离(DA)最小(0.476 3),与沅江群体最大(DA=0.810 7)。基于遗传距离构建的NJ系统进化树显示,4个中国草鱼群体聚为一支,金草鱼群体单独为另一支。研究结果显示金草鱼群体的遗传多样性低于中国的草鱼群体,亲缘关系也较远。     

池塘两种养殖方式下草鱼的营养差异

为了解传统池塘养殖和池塘内循环系统养殖草鱼的营养差异,对2种养殖方式草鱼的营养成分及营养品质进行了比较研究。结果显示,池塘养殖草鱼肌肉水分、粗脂肪含量、脏体比以及pH降低值和滴水损失高于循环养殖系统的草鱼,而肌肉粗蛋白含量和抗氧化能力低于循环养殖系统的草鱼。池塘养殖和循环系统养殖草鱼肌肉必需氨基酸构成比例均符合FAO/WHO的标准,必需氨基酸均是赖氨酸(Lys)含量最高;池塘养殖草鱼氨基酸总量(∑TAA)、鲜味氨基酸总量(∑DAA)和甜味氨基酸总量(∑SAA)低于循环养殖系统;根据氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS),2种模式的第一限制性氨基酸均为缬氨酸(Val)。循环养殖系统草鱼肌肉∑n-3PUFA和∑n-6PUFA含量显著低于池塘养殖,但肌肉EPA + DHA含量是池塘养殖的1.5倍。研究表明,草鱼营养组成合理,池塘内循环系统养殖的草鱼在营养成分及鲜甜味方面优于池塘养殖。     

草鱼血清FRV抗体水平的初步调查

<正> 一、材料和方法取本所窑湾试验场(1991年5月17日)当年草鱼160尾,一龄草鱼40尾,二龄及三龄草鱼各8尾,取本所鱼类种质资源试验场(1991年5月11日)一龄草鱼40尾,二龄和三龄草鱼各8尾(当年草鱼缺),分别断尾采血。     

运用生物能量学模型预测草鱼生长、饲料需求和污染排放

为预测不同生长阶段草鱼生长性能、饲料需求量和污染排放量,提高草鱼投喂管理水平,本研究运用特定增长率(SGR)、日增长率(DGC)、日均增重(ADG)和热积温系数(TGC)等生长模型计算草鱼在不同生长阶段的生长速率,并通过计算定期采样中实际观测值和预测值最小残差平方和法选出最优生长模型。饲料需求模型通过估算鱼类消化能需求量决定,根据能量收支原理,通过计算鱼体储积能(RE)、基础代谢能(He E)、摄食热增能(Hi E)以及尿液和鳃的代谢能(UE+ZE),来估算草鱼的消化能,再根据所用饲料的消化能含量来确定草鱼对饲料的需求量。草鱼污染物排放主要采用营养物质平衡法计算。在模型验证时,以粗蛋白分别为33%、28%、23%的饲料投喂不同生长阶段的草鱼,将草鱼体质量和饲料系数(FCR)的模型预测值与实际观测值进行比较。结果显示,与其他生长模型(SGR、ADG、DGC)相比,调整后的TGC模型能更精确预测草鱼的生长情况;草鱼体质量和FCR预测值与观测值之间显著相关;每生产1 t鱼(体质量为0.5~2 500 g),其消化能需求量约为1.55×107 k J,消耗1 t饲料或生产1 t鱼所排放的总固态污染物分别为440和623 kg。研究表明,该复合性营养模型可以有效地估计实际养殖中草鱼生长、饲料需求量和污染物排放量,有望为草鱼差异化上市、节省饲料成本、减少饲料浪费以及养殖场的污染评价提供有效的预判工具。     

皇竹草粉对草鱼幼鱼生长、抗氧化反应和肠道健康的影响

为评估皇竹草(Pennisetum sinese Roxb)粉对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼生长、抗氧化和肠道健康的影响,配制3组分别含0% (对照组C)、10%和20%皇竹草粉(P1和P2)的等氮等能半精制饲料(蛋白质水平为36%,脂肪水平为9%),饲喂草鱼稚鱼[(28.51±0.04) g] 56 d。结果显示,相比C组,P1和P2组显著提高了草鱼幼鱼的增重率和成活率(P<0.05);P2组草鱼血清丙二醛(MDA)含量比C组草鱼显著降低(P<0.05);P1和P2组草鱼血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性比C组草鱼显著降低(P<0.05);P1和P2组的草鱼血清中补体C3和C4的含量显著提高(P<0.05);同时,这2组肝脏的3-羟酰辅酶A脱氢酶(HOAD)和细胞色素C氧化酶(COX)的活性也显著高于C组(P<0.05);肠道显微结构显示,P1和P2组显著提高了草鱼幼鱼肠道的绒毛高度和皱褶深度,降低了肌层厚度(P<0.05);基因表达层面,相比C组,P1和P2组下调了肠道促炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子α (tnf-α)和白细胞介素1β (il-1β)的基因相对表达量。综上所述,饲料中添加一定量的皇竹草粉能增强草鱼幼鱼的生长,降低体内氧化应激和肠道炎症。     

山泉流水与池塘养殖草鱼营养成分比较

为比较山泉流水和池塘养殖草鱼的品质区别,测定了体质量为1500~1750 g的两种方式养殖草鱼的基本营养、矿物元素、胶原蛋白、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量及肌肉抗氧化能力。测定结果表明,山泉流水养殖草鱼水分、粗脂肪、K和Na含量显著低于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05),粗蛋白、灰分、P、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn和Se含量显著高于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05);山泉流水养殖草鱼肌肉不可溶性胶原蛋白含量和超氧化物歧化酶活力显著高于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05),丙二醛含量则显著低于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05);山泉流水养殖草鱼的总必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸分别为15.76%、5.60%,显著高于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05),氨基酸评分、化学评分和必需氨基酸指数均高于池塘养殖草鱼;山泉流水养殖草鱼饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸显著低于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05)。综上可知,山泉流水养殖草鱼在蛋白与脂肪含量、肌肉抗氧化能力、氨基酸平衡性及脂肪酸质量等方面优于普通池塘养殖草鱼。     

生态基对草鱼生长性能、肠道及水体微生物的影响

将无纺布生态基应用于草鱼养殖生产中,研究生态基对草鱼生长、免疫和养殖水质的影响,并利用PCR-DGGE技术分析了草鱼肠道和养殖水体微生物群落结构的动态变化。结果显示,实验组草鱼的末重、增重率均显著高于对照组(P0.05),饲料系数显著低于对照组(P0.05);草鱼血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、溶菌酶(LSZ)活性水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNos)和总一氧化氮合酶(tNos)均显著低于对照组(P0.05);除了在第30天时实验组TSS水平显著低于对照组(P0.05),整个过程挂设无纺布生态基对养殖水质参数影响不明显(P0.05)。PCR-DGGE检测结果显示:Cetobacterium somerae是对照组养殖水体和对照组草鱼肠道特异细菌;维氏气单胞菌是养殖水体和对照组草鱼肠道特异细菌,对照组养殖水体的分布明显比实验组丰富,在生态基中不存在;生态基的细菌群落构成和挂设生态基的实验组养殖水体相似性较高,最高时达到63%;绿弯菌占生态基细菌总量的10%左右,而在养殖水体中仅为5%。研究表明,生态基的应用有效促进了草鱼的生长,降低了饲料系数,提高了草鱼的非特异性免疫功能,降低养殖水体TSS浓度。生态基的应用改变了水体细菌群落组成,减少了养殖水体和草鱼肠道中一些条件致病菌的存在。     

亚硝酸盐胁迫对草鱼肝脏泛素-蛋白酶体系统的影响

为了探究亚硝酸盐胁迫对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodonidellus)肝脏泛素-蛋白酶体系统(ubiquitinproteasomesystem,UPS)的影响,将草鱼随机暴露于0、0.5、20mg/L的亚硝酸盐溶液中,在12、24、48、96h后采集肝脏样品,检测血液的生化指标,nrf2、hsp70和UPS相关基因的表达,泛素化蛋白的含量以及肝脏的组织学变化。结果显示:在亚硝酸盐胁迫12h,血清皮质醇含量呈现显著的剂量依赖式升高,且在24h和48h显著高于对照组。谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶的含量在96h显著性降低。暴露12h时,20mg/L暴露组的nrf2、hsp70的表达量显著性高于对照组,ub、chip、psma2、psmc的表达水平和泛素化蛋白的含量在20mg/L亚硝酸盐胁迫24h均出现显著升高。在高浓度亚硝酸盐胁迫96h后,肝细胞出现明显的空泡化。研究表明,亚硝酸盐胁迫使草鱼产生了显著的应激反应,造成了肝组织损伤,使肝脏UPS活性上升。     

患肌肉溃烂病中华倒刺鲃血清生化指标变化

采集嘉陵江网箱养殖中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis Bleeker)病鱼和健康鱼,测定二者血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三酯(TG)、血糖(GLU)、肌酐(CREA)、尿素(UREA)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、血清氯(Cl-)、血清钙(Ca2+)等指标并进行对比。结果显示,相对于健康鱼,病鱼ALT、AST、Cl-和Ca2+显著升高(P<0.05);AKP、TP、ALB显著降低(P<0.05);TG、GLU、CREA和UREA虽未体现显著差异(P>0.05),但两组间有较大差别。整体而言,肌肉溃烂病引起中华倒刺鲃肌肉、肝、肾等多种重要组织器官病变,相应血清指标出现明显变化。     

Isoenzymatic changes in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus Cuvier & Valenciennes, affected with haemorrhagic disease

Abstract. Electrophoretic analysis of six types of tissue (serum, erythrocyte, liver, kidney, muscle and eye) and seven different isoenzymes (LDH, MDH, Est, ADH, IDH, α-GPDH and SOD) from both healthy grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus Cuvier & Valenciennes, and carp affected by haemorrhagic disease was performed. It was found that: (1) Enzymes from diseased grass carp showed the most drastic changes within each tissue. The absolute activity of LDH in serum from the diseased fish increased to approximately twice that of the healthy fish; whereas the relative activity of A₄ and A₃B₁, the main components of A sub-base in both serum and erythrocytes, was accelerated. (2) The isoenzymic changes in the control groups, diseased fish, artificially infected fish and healthy fish from diseased ponds indicated that biochemical changes occurred in the tissues before pathological change.     

柱形病对黄颡鱼血液生化指标的影响

为探究柱形病对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)生理机能的影响,随机选取患病和健康黄颡鱼各10尾,采集其血液,静置后离心分离血清以测定血液生化指标如皮质醇、乳酸(LD)含量,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,葡萄糖、白蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)、尿素氮(BUN)、总胆固醇(TCHO)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)含量,谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性。结果显示:患病黄颡鱼血清皮质醇浓度和LDH、AST活性均极显著高于健康鱼,LD含量和ALT活性显著高于健康鱼。与健康鱼相比,患病黄颡鱼血清葡萄糖含量极显著降低,而HDLC、LDLC、TCHO、ALB、TP、BUN浓度和ALP活性无显著差异。健康鱼肝细胞呈近圆形,形状较规则,细胞界线清晰,细胞核多位于细胞中央,呈圆形或椭圆形,肝细胞以中央静脉为中心形成放射状排列。患病鱼肝细胞出现局部坏死、空泡化,形成坏死灶,伴有大量中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞浸润。结果表明:柱状黄杆菌感染可引起黄颡鱼鱼体显著的应激反应,并引起鱼体肝脏损伤。     

草鱼细菌性烂鳃病血液指标观察

用柱状嗜纤维菌感染草鱼引起细菌性烂鳃病,然后对试验草鱼进行血液生理生化指标的检测和分析.其中检测的指标包括红细胞计数( RBC)、血红蛋白的测定(Hb)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、甘油三酯(TG)、α-淀粉酶(α- Amylase)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总蛋白(TP)、总胆固醇(...     

Effects of Neutral Phytase Supplementation on Biochemical Parameters in Grass Carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,and Gibel Carp,Carassius auratus gibelio,Fed Different Levels of Monocalcium Phosphate

Two 8‐wk studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of neutral phytase supplementation on hemato‐biochemical status, liver biochemical parameter, and intestinal digestive enzyme activity of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, and gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, fed with different levels of monocalcium phosphate (MCP). The control diet was prepared with 2% MCP but without phytase (P2.0). The other three experimental diets were prepared with the addition of 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5% MCP, respectively, when supplemented with 500 U/kg neutral phytase in each diet and designated as PP1.5, PP1.0, and PP0.5, respectively. The results indicated that the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, as well as the albumin (ALB) content were increased in grass carp (P < 0.05) and gibel carp (P > 0.05) fed with phytase‐supplemented diets. Meanwhile, the serum cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, and total protein contents of the two species of fish were increased in comparison to the control. In addition, dietary phytase inclusion did not significantly affect hepatic ALP, ALT, and AST activities in the two species of carp fed with different levels of MCP. Amylase activity increased in foregut and hindgut of both species when fed with the phytase‐supplemented diets while lipase activity was reduced in the foregut and hindgut in both fish. This study suggests that neutral phytase supplementation increases serum ALP, ALT, and AST activities but does not notably affect these enzyme activities in the liver of the two species of carp when fed different levels of MCP. On the other hand, amylase activity increased while lipase activity was reduced in the intestine of the species of carp fed with phytase‐supplemented diets.     

草鱼细菌性败血症乳酸脱氢同工酶的研究

本试验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳．研究了正常草鱼和患细菌性败血症草鱼的肝脏、肾脏、心脏、鳃及血清的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）同工酶。研究结果表明．患病草鱼和正常草鱼的LDH同工酶带有明显差异．其酶谱变化具有组织、器官的特异性。LDH同工酶可以作为草鱼患细菌性败血症的生理、病理指标。     

饲料中添加丁酸钠对草鱼生长、消化酶活性、血清生化指标和肠道组织学的影响

为了探究饲料中补充不同水平丁酸钠对草鱼生长性能、肠道消化酶活性、血清生化指标和肠道组织形态的影响，分别添加0 mg/kg (SB0)、1 000 mg/kg (SB1)、2 000 mg/kg(SB2)和3 000 mg/kg (SB3)的微囊丁酸钠(含50%丁酸钠)至基础饲料中，设计4组等氮等脂的实验饲料。选取300尾体质健康的草鱼(10.0±0.1) g，分成4组，每组3个重复，每个重复25尾鱼，放置在水泥池中养殖8周。结果显示，各组草鱼增重率为273.7%～279.9%，饲料系数为1.55～1.60，饲料中补充丁酸钠对草鱼生长性能和体成分无显著影响。与对照组相比，添加不同水平的丁酸钠均显著提高了肠道蛋白酶活性和血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性，降低了血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性，SB1组血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著升高，而SB2和SB3组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著降低。各组肠道淀粉酶活性、血清酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、甘油三酯(TG)、葡萄糖(GLU)、总蛋白(TP)和D-乳酸(D-LA)无显著差异。在肠道组织学方面，各丁酸钠补充组肠道绒毛高度和SB1、SB2组肌层厚度显著...     

Effect of Coriolus versicolor polysaccharides on the hematological and biochemical parameters and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila in allogynogenetic crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

The effect of dietary intake of Coriolus versicolor Polysaccharides (CVP) on the hematological and biochemical indices of Allogynogenetic crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) was investigated. Fish were fed CVP supplemented diets (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 g CVP kg^?1) for 56 days. The RBC, WBC counts, hemoglobin content, ESR in blood and TP, ALT, AST, ALP, GLU, CHO, TG, and BUN in serum were measured on day 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. After feeding of 56 days, fish were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and mortalities were recorded. The results indicated that feeding crucian carp with suitable dose of CVP enhanced the RBC, WBC counts, hemoglobin and TP content, ALP activity, and decreased the ESR, ALT, AST, GLU, CHO, TG and BUN. There was no effect in fish at low dose (0.25 g kg^?1). Unexpectedly, the higher CVP dose used here (2.0 and 4.0 g kg^?1) has a negative effect in fish. The results of challenge experiment indicated that a moderate level of CVP in the diet (1.0 g kg^?1) was the most effective to enhance the survival of fish after infected with A. hydrophila. In summary, the use of CVP, as dietary supplements, can improve the innate defense of crucian carp providing resistance to pathogens.     

Differential expression of lipid metabolism‐related genes and miRNAs in Ctenopharyngodon idella liver in relation to fatty liver induced by high non‐protein energy diets

To explore the mechanism of fatty liver formation induced by high non‐protein energy diets in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), basal diet and high‐energy diets were fed to juvenile grass carp for 9 weeks. The experimental groups fed on high‐energy diets which included a high‐lipid diet (H‐LIP), a high‐carbohydrate diet (H‐CHO) and a high‐lipid and carbohydrate diet (H‐CL). The control group fed on basal diet. Growth performance, liver fat accumulation, serum biochemical indexes and the expression levels of lipid metabolism‐related genes (SREBP‐1, PPARγ, FAS, ACC1, and LPL) and miRNAs (miR‐33, miR‐122, and miR‐370) were examined at the end of the feeding trial. There were no significant differences in growth rate and feed efficiency among the four groups. However, significant increase in mesenteric and liver fat contents, and lipid droplets in the liver was induced by high‐lipid and high‐carbohydrate diets. There were significant differences in serum biochemical indicators such as AST/ALT, GLB, TG and TP, and liver fatty acid composition between the control and experimental groups. The expression levels of SREBP‐1, PPARγ, FAS, ACC1 and LPL were upregulated, while CPT‐1 was downregulated with the high‐energy treatments. Additionally, the expression levels of miR‐33, miR‐122 and miR‐370 in the liver were higher in the three high‐energy treatments than those in the control (P < 0.05). The results suggest that modifications of lipid metabolism‐related genes and miRNAs may be involved in fatty liver formation induced by high non‐protein energy diets in grass carp.