林芝云杉林粗木质残体持水特性研究

粗木质残体(CWD)是森林生态系统的重要组成部分，在水土保育、维持生物多样性和生态平衡等方面起着重要作用。林芝云杉(Picea likiangensis var.linzhiensis)是藏东南亚高山暗针叶林的主要建群树种之一，为了解藏东南亚高山森林中粗木质残体的持水特性，以岗乡自然保护区原始林芝云杉林为研究对象，采用浸泡模拟法研究粗木质残体的分解程度、密度与持水性能的关系。结果表明：CWD密度随着分解程度加深而减小；吸水率随浸泡时间增加而增加，可用方程y=clnx-d拟合；吸水速率随分解等级加深而减小，可用方程y=ax^-b进行拟合；标准地内CWD最大持水量为41.25t·hm^-2,相当于降雨4.12mm,有效持水为33.93t·hm^-2,相当于降雨3.39mm。林芝云杉林内不同分解等级粗木质残体持水性能差异明显，其中Ⅴ级密度最小，持水量最高，证实了CWD分解程度对森林生态系统粗木质残体储水能力和吸收能力的影响，该研究有利于后续开展林芝云杉粗木质残体的生态功能研究。     

内蒙古近45a蒸发量气候变化特征分析

利用内蒙古境内35个气象站1960~2004年逐日蒸发皿蒸发量资料,研究了大兴安岭森林区、草甸草原区、典型草原区、荒漠化草原区、草原化荒漠区和典型荒漠区6种不同生态类型区域蒸发量的气候变化,揭示了不同生态类型区蒸发量的特征值及蒸发量年内、年际变化规律,推断得出内蒙古不同生态类型区域今后蒸发量的气候变化趋势。     

气候变化对内蒙古马铃薯晚疫病流行的影响

分析内蒙古近几十年气候变化与马铃薯晚疫病流行相关资料,发现,随着全球气候变暖,内蒙古地区6~7月份平均最高、最低气温不断升高,已超过马铃薯晚疫病病原菌侵染发病的适宜温度范围。但是阴雨天的温度和空气相对湿度为马铃薯晚疫病真菌菌丝形成和孢子囊繁殖提供了最佳环境条件。依此建立的内蒙古地区马铃薯晚疫病发生程度的气象预测模型可很好预测其流行规律。     

气候变化对内蒙古兴安盟半干旱农区土壤水分的影响

根据兴安盟重点农区突泉县1961～2006年气象资料和1982～2006年土壤水分资料,采用统计及相关分析方法,分析了近46年来气候变化及其对当地主要农区土壤水分的影响,以及未来气候变化将对土壤水分的可能影响.结果表明,近46年来,内蒙古兴安盟半干旱农区温度呈上升趋势,21世纪以来有加速升温的趋势;降水量变化趋势不明显,存在年代间差异和季节差异,但21世纪以来降水量减少趋势明显;近25年来各季节土壤水分呈下降趋势,并且有加速下降的趋势.环境气象因子对土壤水分的影响以温度和降水量的影响最明显,春季以温度的影响为主,而夏、秋季以降水量的影响为主导.未来气候变化将导致兴安盟半干旱农区土壤水分趋于减少,农业干旱将趋于严重,农业水资源将更加紧张.     

内蒙古阿拉善腰坝绿洲地下水水化学特征

绿洲是荒漠区适宜多种生物共同生息繁衍的地域。在全球气候变化和高强度人类活动的影响下,干旱区绿洲赖以生存的地下水环境日益恶化,已成为制约生态环境建设和经济社会发展的重要因素。选取具有典型代表意义的内蒙古阿拉善盟腰坝绿洲为研究区,对地下水进行取样分析,全面系统地研究地下水水化学成分的空间变化特征,研究结果表明:绿洲地下水水化学类型和TDS自东向西,自北向南具有典型的水平分带性分异规律,季节性变化差异大,水动力条件逐渐变差,C l-、Mg2+、Na+离子等高盐分离子逐渐富集,易溶盐逐渐累积,水体总体向咸化方向发展。     

内蒙古经济空间结构演变及特点

近年来,中国民族地区经济平稳快速增长,为了更好的说明民族地区经济增长的动力,文中以内蒙古自治区1990-2009年近20年的相关数据,分析了内蒙古经济空间结构演变,并从内蒙古工业布局演变和工业化影响因素等方面分析了经济空间结构演变机制及特点。结果表明:1990年以来,内蒙古经济初显空间集聚效应,内蒙古经济空间结构与工业化、矿产资源分布状况存在内在的联系和耦合关系,其中工业发展,尤其是矿业是内蒙古经济增长的主要动力,也是经济空间结构形成和演化的重要原因。     

内蒙古皇甫川流域作物生长期气候旬变异特征及其对作物产量效应分析

皇甫川流域地处我国北方半干旱区,作物生产对气候变化具有明显的脆弱性。利用该流域1961—2000年生长季(5~9月)的降水、气温数据、农作物播种面积和产量数据,深入分析作物生产对旬尺度降水、气温变异的响应。研究表明,排除社会经济因素影响,皇甫川流域农作物生产对旬尺度降水、气温变异有明显响应,但不同农作物的响应程度不同,同一种农作物对不同旬的响应亦不同;8月上旬降水量的丰缺对糜黍、玉米、薯类和谷子等农作物的气候产量有明显正效应,6月下旬和7月上旬降水量的多少对高粱的气候产量有决定性的影响;5月中旬最高气温和7、8月份各旬平均气温、最低气温和最高气温的升高,都可能使农作物的气候产量不同程度降低。因此,加强生态环境建设特别是生长季(尤其是7、8月份)旱作区的田间管理,降低农业生产对气候变化的敏感性,显得尤为重要和必要。     

内蒙古温暖与寒冷指数在气温突变前后异常变化特征

通过分析内蒙古地区1961-2016年温暖指数(warmth index)和寒冷指数(coldness index),得出该区域平均和突变前后指数的时空分布。结果表明:突变前WI和CI倾向率局地镶嵌分布,整体以上升趋势为主;突变后WI倾向率以上升为主,CI以下降为主。在气候变暖大背景下,气温突变后内蒙古东部区CI呈整体降低趋势,表明气候在变暖同时东部区冷季也在变冷,地区气候两极化趋势明显,存在明显的"冷暖急转"的现象。5 a滑动平均结果表明,暖季热量增加相对稳定,而冷季热量增减波动较大,进入21世纪CI呈下降趋势,比WI提前10 a进入下降阶段。内蒙古东部区CI指数倾向率在气温突变后呈明显的区域下降趋势,而在中西部区呈上升和下降的镶嵌格局。     

近45年内蒙古乌审旗气候变化对沙尘天气的影响

利用1961-2005年内蒙古乌审旗气象台站的地面观测资料,分析气候年代际变化特征,探讨气候变化对沙尘天气的可能影响。结果表明:近45年来,乌审旗年平均气温以0.48℃/10 a的趋势变暖,近5年气温比20世纪60年代升高了1.8℃,1961-1996年为偏冷时段,1996-2005年为偏暖时段。降水量以15.15 mm/10 a的趋势减少,20世纪60年代至21世纪经历了一个"少、多、少、多"的年代际变化过程。降水量变化分4个多雨时段和4个少雨时段。年大风日数以3.53 d/10 a的趋势减少,20世纪60年代是大风天气的频发期,近5年大风日数较60年代减少了197 d。年沙尘天气日数以14.96 d/10 a的趋势减少,20世纪60-70年代是沙尘天气的频发期,近5年较20世纪60-70年代减少了624.5 d;从季节变化来看,沙尘天气多的季节大风也多,气温回升快,降水量偏少;不同年代气候要素的不同组合对沙尘天气的影响有所差异,春季沙尘日数与同期大风日数的正相关较显著,与同期的气温和前一年夏季降水也显现出较好的负相关关系,夏季降水对第2年沙尘天气的预报有一定参考意义。     

Attribution of explanatory factors for change in soil organic carbon density in the native grasslands of Inner Mongolia,China

The variation in soil organic carbon density(SOCD) has been widely documented at various spatial and temporal scales. However, an accurate method for examining the attribution of explanatory factors for change in SOCD is still lacking. This study aims to attribute and quantify the key climatic factors, anthropogenic activities, and soil properties associated with SOCD change in the native grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China, by comparing data between the 1960s and the 2010s. In 2007 and 2011, we resampled 142 soil profiles which were originally sampled during 1963–1964 in the native grasslands of Inner Mongolia. SOCD was determined in A horizon(eluvial horizon) of the soil. We selected the explanatory factors based on a random forest method, and explored the relationships between SOCD change and each of the explanatory factors using a linear mixed model. Our results indicated that the change in SOCD varied from the east to the west of Inner Mongolia, and SOCD was 18% lower in the 2010s than in the 1960s. The lower SOCD in the 2010s may primarily be attributed to the increasing in mean annual water surface evaporation, which explained approximately 10% and 50% of the total variation and explainable variation in the change in SOCD, respectively. The sand content of the soil is also a significant explanatory factor for the decrease in SOCD, which explained about 4% and 21% of the total variation and explainable variation in the change in SOCD, respectively. Furthermore, the collection of quantitative information on grazing frequency and duration may also help to improve our understanding of the anthropogenic factors that govern the change in SOCD.     

Effects of grazing intensity on seed production of Caragana stenophylla along a climatic aridity gradient in the Inner Mongolia Steppe,China

As the increases of climatic aridity and grazing intensity,shrubs play an increasingly important role in grassland ecosystem in arid and semi-arid regions,and its abundance also generally increases.However,the effects of climatic aridity and grazing intensity on sexual reproduction of shrubs in grassland remain largely unclear.In order to understand the effects of grazing intensity and climatic drought stress,and their interaction on seed production of shrub species,we examined the seed number,seed weight and seed yield of Caragana stenophylla under three grazing intensities(fenced,mild grazing and severe grazing) across a climatic aridity gradient(semi-arid,arid,very arid and intensively arid zones) in the Inner Mongolia Steppe,northern China during 2012–2013.The seed number,seed weight and seed yield gradually increased from the semi-arid to the very arid zones,but decreased from the very arid to the intensively arid zones in fenced plots.The seed number and seed yield decreased from the semi-arid to the intensively arid zones in mild and severe grazing treatment plots,therefore,grazing enhanced the suppression effect of climatic aridity on seed production of C.stenophylla.The seed number and seed yield gradually decreased as grazing intensity increased.The seed weight was highest in severe grazing plots,followed by the mild grazing plots and then the fenced plots.Precipitation varied interannually during the study period.We observed that the seed number,seed weight and seed yield were lower in the low precipitation year(2013) than in the high precipitation year(2012).As climatic drought stress increased,the negative effects of grazing on seed production of C.stenophylla also gradually increased.Our results indicated that climatic drought stress may contribute to the encroachment of C.stenophylla shrub in arid zones by promoting its seed production.However,grazing had negative effects on sexual reproduction of C.stenophylla,and the combined effects of drought stress and grazing seriously suppressed sexual reproduction of C.stenophylla in the intensively arid zone.