硫辛酸对大口黑鲈氧化应激相关酶活性的影响

为研究硫辛酸对大口黑鲈抗氧化性能的影响,通过腹腔注射不同浓度硫辛酸评估其对大口黑鲈抗氧化酶活性的影响.该试验挑选60尾健康大口黑鲈随机分成3组,根据鱼体质量分别注射含有不同剂量的硫辛酸,设定对照组(0 mg/kg)、T20组(20 mg/kg)和T40组(40 mg/kg),注射6h、12h、24 h后分离其血清和肝脏...     

三联免疫苗对斑点叉尾鮰细菌性疾病的预防研究

为预防斑点叉尾鮰细菌性疾病的发生,采用人工免疫接种嗜水气单胞菌、点状产气单胞菌亚种、苏伯利产气单胞菌.三个菌株在试验前全都进行复壮、恢复毒性处理,再分别将复壮的培养活菌在健康试验鱼体注射,确认该菌能引起注射鱼发生病后,将受试验鱼带菌血样在肉汤琼脂平面上划线,接种后置温箱培养.挑选生长良好的菌株,培养后,再注射受试验鱼体迅速确认为强毒性致病菌株.用三联疫苗对斑点叉尾鮰注射免疫,再经养殖后采血测试,得到不同株菌抗原的凝集反应效价.     

葠窝水库鱼体残毒调查与分析

本文报过了葠窝水库近年来7种毒物在鱼体内的残留水平,并应用均值型指数法对各河段的鱼体残毒进行了分析与评价。做了同种鱼类不同年龄组、不同部位的残毒分析与比较。初步分析了水质与鱼体残毒之间的关系。     

复方中药治疗鳗鱼细菌性烂鳃病试验研究

在相同基础饲料中分别添加复方中药和氟苯尼考,对鳗鱼细菌性烂鳃病进行治疗对比试验。结果表明:复方中药组病鱼的成活率为90%,试验前后鱼体重量几乎没有变化;氟苯尼考组病鱼的成活率为75%,治愈后的鱼体重量平均减少8.0g/尾。     

鱼类标志放流步骤的优选及其在黄鳍棘鲷中的应用

鱼类标志放流过程中,关键细节缺失参考依据易导致标志鱼因标志操作不规范而死亡(或导致标志脱落),从而影响基于标志群体抽样的增殖效果评估、放流群体时空格局等后续研究的准确性。本研究以南海重要增殖放流鱼类黄鳍棘鲷为对象,采用多因素方差分析对比了标志过程中关键操作(标志前麻醉与否、标志部位、植入角度)的生长率、存活率、标志保留率的差异。40 d的实验结果显示,不同标志操作对鱼的生长无显著影响。麻醉与否对实验鱼的存活率影响极显著。标志部位、植入角度对标志保留率影响显著。优选出的最佳标志操作组合为麻醉,将T型标志以45°植入背鳍基前部肌肉(存活率95.56%、标志保留率98.89%)。综合以往资料,本研究提出了黄鳍棘鲷[体长(10.05±0.39)cm]T型标志操作规范建议,为今后科学开展标志放流提供参考依据:①标志前暂养,将待标志鱼放入培育池内暂养3 d或以上,标志前24 h停食;②材料消毒,将T型标志和标志枪针头用75%酒精浸泡消毒5 min;③麻醉,用30 mg/L丁香酚溶液(或MS-222麻醉剂)麻醉至鱼体腹部向上翻转时,迅速进行标志;④标志,用标志枪针头拨去标志部位的1个鳞片,然后针头与鱼体呈45°将T型标志植入背鳍基前部肌肉;⑤鱼体消毒,将标志鱼放入含有5%聚维酮碘(或高锰酸钾)的海水溶液中药浴消毒30 min;⑥标志后暂养,消毒后的标志鱼人工暂养7 d后可放流。     

水产品冷冻小包装加工及失重试验

大力开展预制水产品冷冻小包装食品的开发和生产,是我国的冷冻食品加工业正在走向现代化的重要标志.本文结合近年来的生产实践,介绍了水发鱿鱼,海鳗段冷冻小包装的加工工艺及水发鱿鱼、鱼、海鳗段冷冻小包装经不同的冻结装置冻结、低温贮藏、水解冻后的鱼体失重试验.同时,对造成鱼体失重的原因进行了分析与探讨.     

基于鱼体背部弯曲潜能算法的四种主养鱼类识别

以四种主养淡水鱼鲫(Carassius auratus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)为例,提出一种基于图像处理技术的鱼种类自动识别方法。首先通过鱼体信息采集系统获取待识别鱼体图像,并对其进行灰度化与二值化,得到鱼体轮廓信息;然后采用邻域边界算法对鱼体的轮廓进行提取,根据轮廓曲线建立鱼体背部轮廓数学模型;最后根据轮廓模型,采用鱼体背部弯曲潜能算法对不同种类鱼体样本的背部弯曲潜能值进行计算和聚类统计,得到不同鱼类样本的背部弯曲潜能值分布区间,从而通过比对待识别鱼体背部弯曲潜能值的区间实现对不同鱼类的自动识别。对四种主养鱼类的实验测试结果表明,对团头鲂的识别精度可以达到100%,对鲫、鲤和草鱼的识别精度达到96%,基本上能准确实现四种鱼体的分类识别,具有较好的实际应用价值。     

中华绒螯蟹“长江2号”对照试验总结

正2017年吴江推广河蟹"长江2号"成蟹养殖面积1282亩,放养扣蟹数量1501950只。吴江区水产技术推广站对河蟹"长江2号"养殖进行了全程跟踪服务,并选择在太湖新城镇菀坪水产技术推广站试验场进行河蟹"长江2号"养殖技术试验示范,分别投喂鑫裕饲料和粤海饲料进行养殖对比。现将试验情况总结如下。一、试验准备1.扣蟹来源"长江2号"蟹苗由苏州市水产技术推广站《"长江2号"河蟹养殖技术示范与推     

海水网箱水性防附涂料技术试验

海水网箱及围网养殖时常受到海洋生物 (包括藤壶、青苔 )的攀附滋生，造成水体交换受阻，每隔一段时间，就要更换、清洗网箱一次，极易导致鱼体外表损伤，病虫害的侵入。为有效地阻止水生生物的附着，我们引进了美国 Flexabar－ Aquatech公司生产的 Flexgard水性防附涂料，进行不同网片类型、不同涂料配方的对比试验，以期筛选出适合我省水域特点，防附着性能好、价格合理的网箱防附着涂料。现将试验情况小结如下： 　　一、材料与方法 　　1.试验网片 由美国 Flexabar－ Aquatech公司制作的 14种不同配方的 Flexgard涂料处理完全的网片 …     

鲫鱼形态学的实验研究

不同个体的鲫鱼在鱼体形态上存在很大的差异,这给仿生鲫鱼的研究带来很大的困难。因此,找出不同个体鲫鱼之间在鱼体形态上的一些共性是十分有意义且非常必要的工作。选择个体差异很大的两组鲫鱼作为研究对象,主要从鱼体的轮廓曲线和长度两个形态学参数进行分析,寻求个体差异对它们的影响。鱼体轮廓曲线主要包括体侧轮廓曲线、背部轮廓曲线和腹部轮廓曲线;长度则包括体长、叉长和总长。对比发现,不同大小鲫鱼的轮廓曲线存在很大差别,但是相对鱼体长度的无量纲量之间却没有太大的差别。也就是说鲫鱼个体差异对于鱼体无量纲化的轮廓曲线没有太大的影响。同时还发现,鲫鱼体长、叉长和总长之间始终保持良好的线性关系,且不受个体差异的影响。     

5种鱼类标志对草鱼临界游泳速度的影响

采用被动整合雷达标志法(PIT)、切鳍标记、荧光标记、超声波标志和T型标志这5种标志方法对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)进行标记后,测定其临界游泳速度,研究5种不同标记对草鱼游泳能力的影响。将试验草鱼按不同体长分为3组:15~18 cm,18~21 cm,21~25 cm,每个体长组均设置对照组,并分别进行以上5种鱼类标志,测量标志后草鱼的绝对临界游泳速度和相对临界游泳速度。采用SPSS17.0统计软件进行数据的分析比较。研究结果表明,随着体长增加,草鱼的绝对临界游泳速度增大,相对临界游泳速度减小;超声波标志对3个体长组草鱼的临界游泳速度均有极显著影响(P0.01),标志后草鱼绝对临界游泳速度分别下降18.72%、16.40%、23.15%,相对临界游泳速度分别下降18.95%、17.78%、21.86%;T型标志对15~18 cm体长组草鱼的临界游泳速度有极显著性影响(P0.01),标志后草鱼绝对临界游泳速度下降8.35%,相对临界游泳速度下降9.30%,对体长大于18 cm的草鱼无显著性影响;PIT标志、切鳍标记和荧光标记对这3个体长组草鱼的临界游泳速度均无显著性影响(P0.05)。     

Effect of visible implant elastomers on the growth,survival and tag retention in juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) in laboratory conditions

This study identifies the possibility of using visible implant elastomers (VIE) to tag juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus). The mean body weight was 2.4 ± 0.4 g, and mean body length 5.5 ± 0.5 cm. Markers in three colours were used: blue, orange and green. Implant elastomers were injected in the rostrum and in the tail shaft. The experiment was conducted over a period of 10 weeks and included also a control group, that is, no tagging. No significant effect of tagging on the specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and condition factor of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon was observed. The fish in all groups increased their body weight more than 10 times, reaching body weight of 25–28 g. The final survival in all of the groups was approximately 40%. The final tag retention varied depending on the implant colour. The highest retention of 100% was obtained with orange VIE and was significantly different from blue and green. Tag retention was dependent on the place of marking (P > 0.05). A correlation was observed between the applied dye and the place of marking (P = 0.0166). The best results were obtained when marking with orange VIE in the rostrum as all markers were visible after 70 days even without the use of UV light. According to our research, marking with VIE does not negatively affect growth and survival of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon and can be recommended for fish with an initial body weight of approximately 2.5 g in the case of short‐term research.     

饲料中添加L-肉碱对大菱鲆生长及肝脏脂肪酸的影响

在以鱼粉和大豆浓缩蛋白为蛋白源的基础饲料中分别添加0、200、400、600、800、1 000和2 000 mg/kg的L-肉碱配置7种等氮等能的试验饲料.经8周的摄食生长试验,结果表明:600 mg/kg添加组大菱鲆表现出最好的特定生长率,800mg/kg添加组大菱鲆表现出最好的饲料效率.各实验组间特定生长率及饲料效率均未表现出显著差异(P＞0.05).添加不同梯度L-肉碱对大菱鲆的肥满度、脏体比及肝体比未造成显著影响(P＞ 0.05).同时,各实验组大菱鲆体组成及肝脏脂肪酸含量无显著差异(P＞ 0.05).综合考虑L-肉碱对大菱鲆生长性能及经济效益,建议在以鱼粉为主要蛋白源的大菱鲆饲料不需添加L-肉碱.     

Evaluation of VIE (Visible Implant Elastomer) and PIT (Passive Integrated Transponder) physical tagging systems for the identification of red porgy fingerlings (Pagrus pagrus)

The effect of two physical tagging systems, Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) and Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT), was evaluated in red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) fingerlings, at different sizes. For VIE tagging, the weight classes were <1 and 1?C5?g and no tag effect was detected on fish growth. There was a significant difference in mortality between tagged and untagged <1?g fish, but not for the 1?C5?g fish. The tag loss rate was null for all sizes, however, tags showed fragmentation. This partial tag loss was evaluated and quantified. Seven VIE colours were compared and arranged from best to worst visibility: green, red, pink, orange, yellow, white and blue. For PIT tagging, 2?C6?g, 5?C10?g and 10?C20?g weight classes were analysed. There was no significant tag effect on fish growth, for any size, nor on mortality from 10?g. Tag loss rate ranged from 2.9 to 5.9%. These results demonstrate that, in red porgy, VIE is a successful tagging system from 2?g onwards whereas PIT system is successful from 10?g onwards. The combination of both systems allows traceability of fish from a very small size on, which is necessary for the implementation of genetic breeding programmes.     

大菱鲆利用水解鱼蛋白和牛蛙蛋白的差异

为探究大菱鲆对不同来源水解蛋白的利用效率,实验选取太平洋狭鳕和牛蛙下脚料为蛋白来源,分别制备水解鱼蛋白和水解牛蛙蛋白,以初始体重为(8.00±0.01) g的大菱鲆为研究对象,进行为期56 d的养殖实验。实验设2个对照组,正对照组(PC)鱼粉含量为35.0%,负对照组(NC)鱼粉含量为26.5%;设2个实验组,水解鱼组(FPH)为26.5%的鱼粉和8.0%的水解鱼蛋白,水解牛蛙组(BPH)为26.5%的鱼粉和9.5%的水解牛蛙蛋白。结果显示,FPH组的终末体重、增重率和特定生长率显著高于BPH组和NC组,与PC组无显著差异。摄食6 h后,食糜必需氨基酸中赖氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸和缬氨酸在BPH组的含量显著高于PC组;多数非必需氨基酸在BPH组含量最高,但无显著差异。质子偶联氨基酸转运载体PAT1和小肽转运载体PepT1的mRNA表达量分别在FPH组和BPH组都显著高于PC组和NC组;碱性氨基酸转运载体CAT1和y⁺L型氨基酸转运载体y⁺LAT2的mRNA表达量在各处理组中无显著差异。研究表明,在饲料中添加鳕和牛蛙蛋白水解物均能提高大菱鲆的生长性...     

The Use of Farmed Salmon Oil to Replace Anchovy Oil in Diet of Turbot,Psetta maxima,Reared in Brackish Water

This study was conducted to determine the effects of the use of farmed salmon oil (FSO) as a substitute for anchovy oil (AO) on growth and nutrient utilization performance, and proximate and fatty acid compositions of turbot, Psetta maxima. Two fish oil sources, AO and FSO, were incorporated into the diet at a level of 6.77% and fed to turbot with an initial average weight of 266.25 ± 0.53 g in brackish water for 9 wks. Each diet was tested in four replicates and fed to apparent satiation twice a day. At the end of the experiment, data of growth and nutrient utilization performances (feed conversion ratio, nitrogen, lipid and energy intakes, gains, and retentions), and organo‐somatic indices were similar between the dietary oil sources. Likewise, there were no significant differences in final whole body proximate compositions between two treatments. However, AO and FSO diets significantly affected whole body fatty acids and fatty acids classes. Briefly, FSO fish was characterized with higher n‐6 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) mainly 18:2n‐6 whereas AO fish with higher n‐3 PUFA and highly unsaturated fatty acids mainly 22:6n‐3. The whole body fatty acid profile reflected that of the diets. It is concluded that incorporation of FSO instead of AO in turbot diets supports similar growth and nutrient utilization performances but change whole body fatty acid profile.     

The use of AquaMats® to enhance growth and improve fin condition among raceway cultured rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

AquaMats® are a type of artificial seaweed designed to provide structure in ponds used for fish culture and as a substrate for the growth of aquatic plants and invertebrates which in turn are a source of nutrition to cultured species. In two separate tests AquaMats® were placed into raceways used to rear rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) to evaluate their effect on fish growth and fin condition. In the first test, the AquaMats® were placed perpendicular to the raceway length similar to a baffle design. One treatment consisted of AquaMats® that were cleaned on a regular basis, and the other treatment consisted of AquaMats® that were not cleaned throughout the test. By the end of the test no differences were found between treatments with respect to final fish weight, specific growth rate, or feed conversion ratio. The use of AquaMats® did not improve fin condition, in fact several fins measured were significantly better among control fish. In the second test AquaMats® were placed on the raceway bottom parallel to their length and to the water flow. AquaMats® were also hung from the side of the raceway to provide cover. At the conclusion of this test no differences were found between treatments with respect to final fish weight, specific growth rate, or feed conversion ratio. The placement of AquaMats® did have a transitory impact on fin condition. Mid‐way through the test, treatment fish generally exhibited longer fins compared with the controls. However, by the end of the test, these differences were no longer detectable. The results from both tests indicate that fish were not provided with additional nutrition to the extent it improved growth. However, the use of AquaMats® did make a significant, albeit transitory, impact on fin condition.     

大菱鲆仔稚鱼发育早期肠道菌群结构形成的影响因素

为研究鱼类发育早期肠道菌群结构的演变过程及影响因素,运用高通量测序技术,分析了处于不同发育阶段的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)仔稚鱼肠道、受精卵、不同类型的饵料和水源中的菌群结构,以及它们之间的相关性。结果显示,以不同的OTU(Operational Taxonomic Units,可操作分类单元)作为分类依据,发现大菱鲆仔稚鱼的肠道菌群结构在开口摄食后不久已趋于稳定,其优势菌与受精卵所携带的细菌关联较大。并且在大菱鲆仔稚鱼不同的发育时期,这一菌群的结构非常稳固,几乎不受水和饵料中优势细菌的影响而发生改变。乳球菌属的Lactococcus piscium菌株一直是大菱鲆仔稚鱼肠道中的优势菌种,在不同发育时期的优势度高达45%~65%。本研究还发现,大菱鲆仔稚鱼肠道可能对定植的菌种具有选择性,一些水环境和饵料中的非优势菌,如Streptococcus sp.,Pseudomonas sp.,Carnobacterium sp.等细菌也会定植于肠道,成为大菱鲆肠道中的次优势菌。     

Effect of feed restriction on the growth performance of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) juveniles under commercial rearing conditions

Two trials were performed to study the effect of periodic feed deprivation (trial 1) or feed restriction, followed by satiation feeding (trial 2) on the growth performance of turbot juveniles under commercial rearing conditions. In trial 1, duplicate groups of 350 fish with an initial weight of 62 g were fed a commercial diet to apparent visual satiation for 7, 6, 5 or 4 days a week for 83 days. At the end of the trial, fish weight was directly related to the number of feeding days but feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were not affected by treatments. At the end of the trial, there were no differences in whole‐body composition among groups. In trial 2, duplicate groups of 500 fish with an initial weight of 33 g were fed a commercial diet to satiation (100%) or feed restricted to 90%, 80% and 70% of satiation for 90 days. Thereafter, all groups were fed to satiation for 34 days. During the feed restriction period, growth was directly related to feed intake, while during the satiation feeding period, it was inversely related to the previous feeding level. At the end of the trial, the final weight was not different among groups. At the end of the feed restriction period, whole‐body lipid content showed a trend to decrease with an increase in the feed restriction level. The results of this study indicate that under practical conditions, turbot juveniles should be fed daily as even cycles of short periods of feed deprivation negatively affect growth, while not improving feed efficiency. On the contrary, even after a relatively long feed restriction period, fish shows compensatory growth, and this may be used as a feed management strategy for controlling fish production in commercial farms.     

Effects of dietary energy level and dietary energy source on growth,feed conversion and body composition of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

Seven diets containing 350 g protein/kg and with energy levels varying from 1 860 to 3 150 kcal/kg were fed to groups of turbot at a rate of 25 g diet/kg biomass/day for 18 weeks.An additional group of turbot was similarly fed a diet containing 500 g protein and 2 895 kcal/kg. Weight gain, food conversion and body composition of these eight groups of fish were compared.At a constant dietary protein level, weight gain and protein utilization increased with increasing dietary energy level. The body fat content of the experimental fish did not exceed that of wild fish even at the highest dietary energy level.At comparable dietary energy levels (about 3 000 kcal/g) protein utilization of turbot given diets containing 350 g protein/kg was superior to that of turbot given diets containing 500 g protein/kg. Weight gains of the two groups were similar.