Effects of grain type, roughage level and monensin level on finishing cattle performance

Interactions among grain type (grain sorghum, corn or wheat), roughage level and monensin level were studied in four feedlot trials using pen-fed crossbred yearling cattle. In Trial 1, cattle fed high-moisture corn (HMC) were more efficient (.1537 vs .1406 for gain/feed; P less than .01) than cattle fed dry-rolled grain sorghum (DRGS). As level (0, 3, 6, 9%) of dietary roughage was increased, feed efficiency (gain/feed) decreased (.1566, .1461, .1479, .1382; linear, P less than .01). In Trial 2, a grain type (DRGS; dry-rolled corn, DRC; dry-rolled wheat, DRW) x roughage level interaction was observed for daily gain and feed efficiency. Feed efficiency (gain/feed) was decreased when roughage was added to diets containing DRC (.1608 vs .1750) or DRGS (.1674 vs .1465), but not to the diet containing DRW (.1664 vs .1607). In trial 3, a grain type x roughage level x monensin level interaction (P less than .08) was observed for feed efficiency. The addition of 27.5 mg of monensin per kilogram of the 0% roughage-DRC diet tended to improve feed efficiency (.1633 vs .1531), but the addition of monensin to the 7.5% roughage-DRC diet tended to depress feed efficiency (.1476 vs .1575). The addition of either roughage (.1493 vs .1420) or monensin (.1500 vs .1413) to the DRW diet improved feed efficiency. In Trial 4, cattle fed a combination of 75% DRW and 25% DRC were more efficient (.1618 vs .1591; P less than .06) than cattle fed DRC. As level of roughage (0, 3.75, 7.5%) increased, feed efficiency decreased linearly (.1645, .1599, .1569; P less than .0001). Monensin had no effect on feed efficiency. The value of feeding roughage and monensin was variable both across grain types and within similar grain types.     

Monensin level during grain adaptation and finishing performance in cattle

Two finishing trials were conducted to measure the response of cattle adjusting to high-concentrate diets to dietary monensin level. In trial 1, 54 individually fed Hereford-Angus steers (312 kg), previously fed a two-thirds corn silage: one-third corncob-based diet, were allotted in a 2 X 3 factorial arrangement of treatment with tylosin (0, 11 mg/kg) and monesin (0, 11, 33 mg/kg) fed during a 28-d, grain-adaptation period (fed 75% concentrate for 6 d and then fed 95% concentrate). After 28 d, all steers were continued on their respective levels of tylosin and 33 mg/kg monensin for the remaining 119 d. Daily intake patterns indicated digestive upset in all treatments during adjustment to the 95%-concentrate diet. Blood samples taken during the first 28 d revealed no differences in acid-base status in response to monensin level; however, all steers exhibited reduced (P less than .01) pH and HCO3 and increased (P less than .01) lactate after 4 d on a 75%-concentrate diet. In the initial 28 d, intake decreased (linear P less than .05) as the level of monensin increased. In the total finishing period, however, increasing the level of monensin fed during grain adaptation decreased (linear P less than .05) intake and tended to decrease (linear P = .20) gain with no effect on feed efficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of cattle age, forage level, and corn processing on diet digestibility and feedlot performance

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of cattle age and dietary forage level on the utilization of corn fed whole or ground to feedlot cattle. In Exp. 1, 16 steers were used to investigate the effects of cattle age and corn processing on diet digestibility. Two cattle age categories were evaluated (weanling [254 +/- 20 kg BW] and yearling [477 +/- 29 kg BW]; eight steers per group), and corn was fed either ground or whole to each cattle age category. Cattle age and corn processing did not affect (P > 0.10) diet digestibility of DM, OM, starch, CP, NDF or ADF, and no interactions (P > 0.10) between these two factors were detected. In Exp. 2, the effects of forage level and corn processing on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics were evaluated. One hundred eighty steers (310 +/- 40 kg BW) were allotted to 24 pens, and were fed one of the following diets: high-forage (18.2% corn silage) cracked corn (HFCC); high-forage shifting corn (whole corn for the first half of the trial, then cracked corn until harvest; HFSC); high-forage whole corn (HFWC); low-forage (5.2% corn silage) cracked corn (LFCC); low-forage shifting corn (LFSC); and low-forage whole corn (LFWC). For the high-forage diets, steers fed cracked corn had 7% greater DMI than those fed whole corn, whereas for the low-forage diets, grain processing did not affect DMI (interaction; P = 0.02). No interactions (P > 0.10) between forage level and corn processing were found for ADG and G:F. Total trial ADG and G:F, and percentage of carcasses grading USDA Choice, and carcass yield grade were not affected (P > 0.10) by corn processing. Cattle with fewer days on feed grew faster and more efficiently when cracked corn was fed, whereas cattle with longer days on feed had greater ADG and G:F when corn was fed whole (interaction; P < 0.10). In Exp. 3, the effects of forage level and corn processing on diet digestibility were evaluated. The high-forage cracked corn, high-forage whole corn, low-forage cracked corn, and low-forage whole corn diets used in Exp. 2 were fed to 16 steers (350 +/- 27 kg BW) in a digestion trial. No interactions (P > 0.10) between forage level and corn processing were detected for starch digestibility. Forage level and corn processing (grinding) did not affect (P > 0.10) diet DM, OM, starch, CP, and NDF digestibility. Processing corn did not provide additional benefits to feedlot cattle performance under these experimental conditions.     

Influence of forage level on passage rate, digestibility and performance of cattle

Two trials (feedlot and metabolism) were conducted to evaluate the influence of level of chopped tall fescue hay (FH) in high concentrate diets on average daily gain (ADG), liquid and particulate passage rates, digestibility and in situ digestibility of corn. In the feedlot trial, 36 Hereford steers were fed diets containing 15, 30 and 50% FH in combination with 74, 59 and 39% whole shelled corn (WSC) and a soybean meal supplement. Steers offered 15, 30 and 50% FH consumed 9.0, 9.0 and 7.6 kg dry matter (DM) per d; gained 1.19, .89 and .67 kg; and had DM to gain ratios of 7.6, 10.1 and 11.5, respectively. A negative correlation was observed between fecal pH and ADG (r = -.52) and between fecal pH and fecal starch (r = -.40). In a 4 X 4 Latin-square trial, four cannulated steers were fed 4, 8, 16 or 24% FH in combination with 86, 82, 74 or 66% WSC and a soybean meal supplement. After 14 d of adaptation, steers were offered ytterbium (Yb)-labelled WSC and were ruminally pulse-dosed with chromium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Cr-EDTA) on the first day of the collection period. Steers fed 4, 8, 16 or 24% FH had the following particulate passage rates: 2.3, 2.7, 2.7 and 2.9%/h from fecal analyses; 2.3, 1.7, 2.4 and 2.8%/h from ruminal analyses; 6.0, 5.3, 6.3 and 8.1%/h for liquid, respectively. With increasing FH level, liquid passage rate exhibited linear and quadratic effects (P less than .05), while particulate passage rate (rumen sampling) showed linear and cubic effects (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of dietary concentration of metabolizable lysine on finishing cattle performance

A finishing trial and a metabolism trial were conducted to determine the effect of supplemental metabolizable Lys level on finishing calf performance and to estimate the metabolizable Lys requirement of finishing calves. The finishing trial included 60 individually fed crossbred beef steer calves (237 kg; SD = 20 kg) supplemented with either incremental amounts of rumen-protected Lys and Met, or Met alone. Addition of Lys and Met improved gains and efficiencies (quadratic; P < .02) during the first 56 d. There was no response to supplemental Met alone, suggesting that supplemental Lys rather than Met was responsible for the improvement in performance. Using nonlinear analyses to compare gain relative to supplemental Lys intake, maximum gain was determined to be 2.10 kg/d, or .27 kg/d above the zero Lys control, at a supplemental Lys intake of 2.56 g/d. Steers supplemented with 3 and 4 g of Lys had a weight advantage over the control steers of 16 kg at 56 d and 32 kg at the end of the 161-d trial. However, there were no statistical responses to Lys or Met during any periods after 56 d. During a separate metabolism trial, four steers fed the control finishing diet were slaughtered, and abomasal contents were collected for amino acid analyses. The predicted (Level 1 NRC, 1996) metabolizable protein flow to the abomasum for the control diet was 715 g/d, and the predicted Lys flow was 37.9 g/d. A supplemental Lys intake of 2.56 g/d would increase the Lys flow to 40.5 g/d. Feedlot diets low in ruminal escape protein may be deficient in metabolizable Lys, especially early in the feeding period. The metabolizable Lys requirement of steer calves gaining 2.10 kg/d is estimated to be 40.5 g/d.     

Influence of level and source of dietary fat on its comparative feeding value in finishing diets for steers: feedlot cattle growth and performance

Two hundred twenty-eight crossbred steers (304 kg) were used in a 125-d comparative slaughter trial to evaluate the influence of level and source of supplemental fats on their feeding value for feedlot cattle. Dietary treatments consisted of a steam-rolled, barley-based finishing diet containing 1) no supplemental fat; 2) 4% yellow grease (YG); 3) 4% blended animal-vegetable fat (BVF); 4) 8% YG; 5) 8% BVF or 6) 6% BVF and 2% crude soybean lecithin. Increasing level of supplemental fat in the diet resulted in linear improvements (P less than .01) in weight gain, feed conversion and NE value of the diet. Estimated NE values of YG and BVF were similar and did not appear to be influenced by level of supplementation, averaging 5.78 and 4.61 Mcal/kg for maintenance and gain, respectively. Fat supplementation resulted in linear increases in empty body fat (P less than .01), kidney, pelvic and heart fat (P less than .01) and marbling score (P less than .05). Partially replacing BVF with lecithin did not influence (P greater than .10) steer performance, carcass merit or estimated NE value of the diet. The comparative feeding value (in terms of both diet acceptability and NE value) of the supplemental fats tested was similar and was apparently not influenced by level of supplementation up to 8% of diet DM.     

Effects of fibre digestibility and level of roughage on performance and rumen fermentation of finishing beef cattle

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective was to evaluate effects of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility and level of fresh sugarcane on intake, body fatness, carcass...     

青贮饲用高粱对肉牛屠宰性能、胴体品质的影响

为探究青贮饲用高粱对肉牛屠宰性能、胴体品质的影响,综合考虑各种青贮饲用高粱的营养搭配是否满足肉牛营养需要,以期推动中国现代肉牛经济发展。研究以西门塔尔三代阉牛为试验牛,以BJ0603青贮饲料作为基础饲粮。饲喂试验结束后,每个日粮处理组挑选3头牛进行屠宰分割,测定屠宰性能及胴体品质。结果表明,不同比例的青贮高粱和青贮玉米不仅会影响肉牛的采食量和日增重,还会间接影响肉牛的产肉性能。随着日粮中青贮饲用高粱比例的增加,肉牛的采食量降低,能量摄入不足,影响机体内脂肪的正常沉积,降低了肉的嫩度。但对牛肉常规营养成分无显著影响,对其肉色影响显著。     

Influence of dietary urea level on digestive function and growth performance of cattle fed steam-flaked barley-based finishing diets

Four Holstein steers (282 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment to evaluate the influence of dietary urea level (0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2%, DM basis) in a steam-flaked barley-based finishing diet on digestive function. There were no treatment effects (P > 0.20) on ruminal digestion of OM and ADF. Increasing dietary urea level increased (linear, P < 0.01) ruminal starch digestion. Ruminal degradability of protein in the basal diet (no supplemental urea) was 60%. Increasing dietary urea level did not increase (P > 0.20) ruminal microbial protein synthesis or nonammonia N flow to the small intestine. There were no treatment effects (P > 0.20) on total-tract ADF digestion. Total tract digestion of OM (quadratic, P < 0.01) and starch (linear, P < 0.05) increased slightly with increasing urea level. Urea supplementation increased (linear, P < 0.01) ruminal pH 1 h after feeding; however, by 3 h after feeding, ruminal pH was lower (cubic, P < 0.05) with urea-supplemented diets. Urea supplementation did not affect (P > 0.20) ruminal molar proportions of acetate and propionate. One hundred twenty crossbred steers (252 kg; approximately 25% Brahman breeding) were used in an 84-d feeding trial (five pens per treatment) to evaluate treatment effects on growth performance. Daily weight gain increased (linear, P = 0.01) with increasing urea level, tending to be maximal (1.53 kg/d; quadratic, P = 0.13) at the 0.8% level of urea supplementation. Improvements in ADG were due to treatment effects (linear, P < 0.01) on DMI. Urea supplementation did not affect (P > 0.20) the NE value of the diet for maintenance and gain. Observed dietary NE values, based on growth performance, were in close agreement with expected based on tabular values for individual feed ingredients, averaging 100.4%. We conclude that with steam-flaked barely-based finishing diets, ruminal and total-tract digestion of OM and ruminal microbial protein synthesis may not be increased by urea supplementation. In contrast, ADG was optimized by dietary inclusion of 0.8% urea. Urea supplementation may not enhance the net energy value of steam-flaked barely-based finishing diets when degradable intake protein is greater than 85% of microbial protein synthesis.     

不同饲粮蛋白质水平对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

蛋白质饲料是肉猪生产的重要物质基础,是决定生产成本的重要因素。为了探索饲粮蛋白质水平对生长肥育猪增重速度、饲料利用率及育肥猪肉品品质等的影响作用,确定肉猪合理的饲粮结构以获得更大的经济效益,进行了本试验。     

The effect of forage source and particle size on finishing yearling steer performance and ruminal metabolism.

Two finishing trials and a metabolism trial were conducted to evaluate the effect of forage source and particle size in dry-rolled corn finishing diets. In Exp. 1, 224 crossbred yearling steers (BW = 342+/-11 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design consisting of seven treatments. Treatments were an all-concentrate diet or diets containing equal NDF levels provided by alfalfa hay or wheat straw (three treatments each) with each forage source ground to pass through a .95-, 7.6-, or 12.7-cm screen. Steers fed diets containing forage had greater (P < .05) DMI than steers fed an all-concentrate diet. Steers fed alfalfa diets gained faster (P < .05) with a greater (P < .05) concentrate efficiency than steers fed either all-concentrate or straw diets. In Exp. 2, 120 crossbred yearling steers (BW = 307+/-2 kg) were used in a completely randomized design and fed dry-rolled corn diets containing 10% alfalfa ground to pass through either a .95- or 7.6-cm screen. Alfalfa particle size had no effect on performance or carcass measurements. In Exp. 3, six ruminally fistulated steers (BW = 508+/-34 kg) were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design and fed an all-concentrate diet or diets containing equal NDF levels provided by alfalfa hay, wheat straw, or ground corncobs with alfalfa and straw ground to pass through either a 2.54- or 12.7-cm screen. Steers fed straw diets spent more time (P < .10) chewing than those receiving the other diets. In conclusion, forage particle size had no effect on finishing cattle performance or ruminal metabolism data. However, cattle consuming different forage sources in dry-rolled corn finishing diets may not respond similarly in animal performance.     

高精料日粮条件下烟酸对肉牛生长性能的影响

试验选用12头体重430 kg左右西杂牛,随机分成2组,每组6头。对照组饲喂添加1.0%碳酸氢钠的精料混合料,试验组精料中添加400 mg/kg干物质的烟酸。结果表明:高精料饲喂条件下(精粗比8∶2),烟酸值组肉牛平均日增重(1.449 kg/d)略低于对照组(1.522 kg/d),但差异不显著(P0.05);烟酸组和对照组单位增重耗料分别为7.54、7.93,烟酸组略低于碳酸氢钠组,但差异不显著(P0.05);烟酸组的产投比为1.26,低于对照组(1.33)。高精料饲喂条件下,单独添加400 mg/kg干物质的烟酸不影响育肥肉牛的生长性能。     

Effect of forage quality on digestion and performance responses of cattle to supplementation with cooked molasses blocks

We evaluated the effect of forage quality on response of cattle to supplementation with cooked molasses blocks. In Exp. 1, 175 heifers had ad libitum access to prairie hay (5.2% CP, DM basis). Treatments were a 2 x 3 factorial: supplementation with 0 or 1.96 kg/d of alfalfa DM, and supplementation with no cooked molasses block or with a low-protein or a high-protein cooked molasses block (14.4 and 27.5% CP, respectively, DM basis). There were no significant interactions between alfalfa and cooked molasses block for intake or gain. Forage intake and ADG were increased (P < 0.05) by alfalfa supplementation. Heifers fed high-protein cooked molasses blocks gained more (P < 0.05) weight than those fed low-protein cooked molasses blocks or no cooked molasses block. Heifers fed high-protein cooked molasses blocks ate more (P < 0.05) forage than those fed low-protein cooked molasses blocks, with heifers fed no cooked molasses block being intermediate. In Exp. 2, responses to cooked molasses blocks containing 33% CP (DM basis) were measured in 18 steers fed: 1) brome (8.4% CP), 2) alfalfa (19.2% CP), or 3) brome supplemented with 1.93 kg/d of alfalfa DM. Forages were available ad libitum. Forage DM intake was not affected by cooked molasses block and was greater (P < 0.05) for alfalfa than the alfalfa/brome mix, which in turn was greater (P < 0.05) than brome. Digestibility of DM was greater (P < 0.05) for alfalfa than brome or the alfalfa/brome mix and was not affected by cooked molasses block supplementation. Supplementation with cooked molasses blocks had only small effects on intake and digestion of medium- to high-quality forages, but it improved gains and feed efficiencies of heifers fed prairie hay ad libitum, with or without supplemental alfalfa.     

饲料蛋白质水平和组成对早期断奶仔猪腹泻和生产性能的影响

选用18头早期断奶杂交仔猪研究了饲粮蛋白质水平和组成对早期断奶仔猪腹泻和生产性能的影响。经30 d的饲养试验结果表明两个低蛋白氨基酸平衡饲粮(CP17％)组仔猪平均日增重显著高于高蛋白饲粮(CP 20％)组(P＜0.01)，断奶10 d内的腹泻频率显著降低(P＜0.01)，而且腹泻的发生主要集中在断奶10 d内；在粗蛋白均为17％且氨基酸平衡的条件下，饲粮蛋白质组成不同(植物蛋白分别占总饲粮蛋白90.5％和84.0％)对仔猪腹泻和平均日增重没有显著影响(P＞0.05)。结果证明通过平衡饲粮氨基酸降低蛋白质水平，可以有效地降低仔猪断奶后腹泻和提高生产性能。     

Influence of protein type and level on nitrogen and forage use in cows consuming low-quality forage

Minimal quantities of ruminally degradable protein from supplements may improve supplement use efficiency of ruminants grazing dormant forages. In Exp. 1, N retention, ruminal NH(3), serum urea N, and NDF digestibility were evaluated for 12 ruminally cannulated cows (Bos spp.) in an incomplete Latin Square design with 3 periods of 42 d each. Cows were fed weeping lovegrass [Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees] hay (4.1% CP, 75% NDF, OM basis) at 1.3 % BW/d and offered 1 of 3 sources of CP [urea, cottonseed (Gossypium spp.) meal (CSM); or 50% blood meal and 50% feather meal combination (BFM)] fed to supply 0, 40, 80, or 160 g/d of CP. Beginning on d 22 of supplementation, ruminal contents and serum samples were collected at -2, 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 48 h relative to the morning offering of hay. On Day 24, feces and urine were collected for 72 h. In Exp. 2, 4 ruminally cannulated steers were used in a replicated 4 by 4 Latin Square to evaluate use of supplements differing in quantity and ruminal CP degradability. Steers were fed 6.8 kg/d chopped sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench nothosubsp. drummondii (Steud.) de Wet ex Davidse] hay (3.7% CP, 74% NDF on OM basis) and supplemented with 56 g/d of a salt mineral mix (CON); CON + 28 g/d blood meal + 28 g/d feather meal (BFM); CON + 98 g/d CSM (LCS); or CON + 392 g/d CSM (HCS). Treatments provided 0, 40, 40, or 160 g/d of CP for CON, BFM, LCS, and HCS respectively. In Exp. 1, N use and total tract NDF digestibility were not affected by protein sources or amounts (P ≥ 0.18). Ruminal NH(3) concentrations exhibited a quadratic response over time for UREA (P < 0.05) and was greater with increasing inclusion of urea (P < 0.05); whereas BFM or CSM did not differ (P > 0.05) by amount or across time. In Exp. 2, supplementation had a tendency (P = 0.09) to increase DM disappearance. Supplementation also increased (P < 0.01) serum glucose concentrations; however, no difference (P ≥ 0.28) was found between supplements. Serum urea N and ruminal NH(3) concentrations were increased (P ≤ 0.01) in steers fed HCS. Feeding low quantities of a high-RUP supplement maintained rumen function without negatively affecting DM or NDF digestibility of a low-quality forage diet.     

精补料增重净能对西杂肉牛育肥性能和成本的影响

选择48头体重相近([192.90±26.38)kg]的8～10月龄西门塔尔杂交肉牛随机分为4个试验组,通过添加大豆油饲喂按等同梯度从5.94 MJ/kg递增到6.57 MJ/kg增重净能的等同蛋白质和必需氨基酸的精补料,探讨4组高增重净能的精补料饲喂杂交肉牛的育肥性能和成本。150 d育肥试验的结果表明,饲喂6.36 MJ/kg增重净能精补料3和5.94 MJ/kg精补料1的杂交肉牛全期日增重分别为1.26 kg和1.19 kg,精料重比分别为2.95和3.16,增重耗精料成本占摄入成本分别为79.53%和84.51%(P<0.05、P<0.01),显著差异来自精补料增重净能的二元曲线效应;饲喂6.57 MJ/kg增重净能精补料4和6.15 MJ/kg精补料2的杂交肉牛全期育肥性能在数据上优于精补料1和低于精补料3(P>0.05)。由此结论,在饲喂黄贮玉米秸秆条件下,6.36 MJ/kg增重净能的精补料3明显提高杂交肉牛育肥性能、饲料效率和育肥利润空间;过高增重净能的精补料4没有表现出最佳育肥效果。     

不同蛋白水平日粮对金华黄牛生产性能的影响

研究旨在探究不同蛋白水平日粮对金华肉牛生产性能的影响。选取体重145 kg左右的金华肉牛24头,随机分为3组,分别饲喂蛋白水平为13.45%(L组)、14.95%(M组)、16.6%(H组)的日粮。结果表明:采用中蛋白水平日粮饲喂的试验组平均日增重高于采用高蛋白和低蛋白水平的两个试验组,且料重比均低于其它两组。高蛋白水平组平均日增重最低,饲料成本却最高。各组间瘤胃液中乙酸含量差异性显著(P<0.05)。三个试验组的瘤胃液中乙酸/丙酸的值差异不显著(P>0.05)。H组与M、L组中瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸含量差异显著(P<0.05)。三个蛋白梯度对金华黄牛的血液生化指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。试验结果显示,中蛋白水平(14.95%,DM)的日粮对金华黄牛生产性能影响最佳,瘤胃发酵参数和血清生化指标数据说明了日粮中添加蛋白水平过高并不能被动物机体消化吸收,从而使饲料资源转化利用率降低,造成了饲料资源的浪费和养殖成本的提高。     

不同粗蛋白和粗纤维水平对肥育猪生产性能及氮排泄的影响

为探讨氨基酸平衡日粮中粗蛋白和粗纤维水平对肥育猪生产性能及氮排泄的影响,试验选取36头体重接近[(65.77±1.08)kg]的三元杂交(杜×长×大)阉公猪,采用2(CF:4%、6%)×3(CP:15.5%、14%、12.5%)两因子完全交叉试验设计。试验共设6个处理,每个处理2个重复,每个重复3头猪。试验结果表明:不同粗蛋白和粗纤维水平对肥育猪平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和料肉比(F/G)均无显著影响(P>0.05);饲喂6号日粮(CP:12.5%、CF:6%)的F组经济效益最佳,每千克增重成本为5.59元;降低日粮粗蛋白水平减少了尿氮(P<0.05)、粪氮(P>0.05)和总氮(P<0.05)的排泄量;日粮粗蛋白水平平均每降低一个百分点,尿氮、粪氮和总氮排泄量分别减少3.58%、1.56%和2.53%;增加日粮粗纤维水平也减少了尿氮(P<0.05)、粪氮(P<0.01)和总氮(P<0.01)排泄量。