华北平原滴灌条件下土壤水势对萝卜生长的影响

通过控制滴灌滴头下20cm深处土壤水势下限(-15kPa,N1;-25kPa,N2;-35kPa,N3;-45kPa,N4;-55kPa,N5),研究了不同处理土壤水势随时间和空间的变化规律,以及不同土壤水势处理对萝卜叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、周径膨大、干重积累等生长参数的影响,并对各处理间产量、水分利用效率进行了比较,发现在华北平原下半年降雨较多的情况下种植秋萝卜:(1)不同土壤水势处理对萝卜的生长发育没有明显影响;(2)不同处理水分利用效率不同:N5>N4>N3>N2>N1;(3)滴灌条件下,不同土壤水势处理萝卜的平均重量和产量都高于地面灌溉。     

干旱区盐碱地覆膜滴灌条件下土壤基质势对糯玉米生长和灌溉水利用效率的影响

利用埋在滴头正下方0．2m深度的真空表负压计,通过控制土壤基质势下限（-5,-10,-15,-20,-25kPa）,研究盐碱地覆膜滴灌条件下土壤基质势对糯玉米（中糯1号）的生长、产量形成过程和灌溉水利用效率的影响。2005和2006年的试验结果表明：糯玉米的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、地上部分干物质积累量、叶绿素含量等都随着土壤基质势的升高而增加,土壤基质势越高,糯玉米鲜食果穗产量越高,果穗性状也越好;土壤基质势在-5kPa时,糯玉米产量最高;土壤基质势在-10～-15kPa时,灌溉水利用效率最高。     

用负压计拟定滴灌马铃薯灌溉计划的方法研究

对马铃薯进行了6个灌水频率处理和5个水势处理的田间滴灌试验。发现在灌水频率为1次/d,土壤水势为-25kPa时,马铃薯的产量最高。试验进一步分析了各处理的土壤水分变化特点,并结合马铃薯的根系分布特征,得出了用以拟定滴灌马铃薯灌溉计划的负压计的埋设方法,提出了用负压计拟定滴灌马铃薯灌溉计划的具体方案。     

滴灌条件下马铃薯耗水规律及需水量的研究

通过田间试验,用水量平衡法和蒸渗仪实测了不同滴灌灌水控制方式下的马铃薯耗水量。结果发现,在滴灌条件下,马铃薯水分腾发量(ET)受土壤基质势下限的影响要比灌水频率大。在土壤基质势高于-25kPa时,ET主要受气象因素的影响;土壤基质势降低时,会导致马铃薯腾发量的下降;当土壤基质势低于-45kPa时,马铃薯就会受到明显的水分胁迫,引起腾发量大幅度下降。大于或等于1次/4d滴灌灌水频率对马铃薯的腾发量影响不明显;但当滴灌灌水频率为1次/6d或1次/8d时,由蒸渗仪测得的马铃薯腾发量明显低于更高频率处理。可以用-25kPa水势处理下的腾发量作为滴灌马铃薯的参照腾发量。研究表明,20cm蒸发皿的蒸发量与马铃薯腾发量之间有非常好的相关性,用20-cm蒸发皿的蒸发量作为灌溉计划的参考量是可行的。     

滴灌施肥量对棉花生长、养分吸收及产量的影响

2012年以新陆早33号棉花为供试作物,利用田间小区试验研究了大田膜下滴灌施肥条件下,不同滴灌施肥量对棉花植株氮、磷、钾养分的吸收、干物质积累及籽棉产量的影响。设置了5个N-P2O5-K2O施肥水平150-60-30、200-80-40、250-100-50、300-120-60 kg·hm-2和350-140-70 kg·hm-2(分别记为F1、F2、F3、F4和F5),灌水量为100%ETc(作物蒸发蒸腾量)。结果表明:在新疆膜下滴灌条件下,棉花干物质积累与氮、磷、钾养分吸收和吸收速率均随着滴灌施肥量的增加呈增大的趋势,施肥量达到F4时,棉花的干物质累积和氮、磷、钾的吸收和吸收速率最大;随着施肥量的增加,棉花产量有增加的趋势,但当施肥量大于F3,棉花产量随施肥量的增加(F3,F4,F5)无显著性差异;F3施肥水平下的氮肥农学效率、磷肥农学效率、钾肥农学效率和肥料偏生产力显著大于F4与F5施肥水平。从节肥和生态可持续发展角度来看,F3施肥水平,即250-100-50 kg·hm-2(NP2O5-K2O)为最佳滴灌施肥量。     

滴灌施肥对内蒙古沙地马铃薯生长和水肥利用的影响

针对内蒙古沙地马铃薯滴灌水肥管理的需求,本研究以养分平衡法估计的施肥量作为推荐值,布置了5个施肥量比例的滴灌施肥灌溉试验,2012年分别为推荐施肥量的10%(10%NPK)、30%(30%NPK)、50%(50%NPK)、70%(70%NPK)和90%(90%NPK),2013年分别为推荐施肥量的10%(10%NPK)、35%(35%NPK)、60%(60%NPK)、85%(85%NPK)和110%(110%NPK)。通过控制滴头正下方20 cm处的土壤水基质势下限在-25 kPa时进行滴灌施肥灌溉。结果表明,采用负压计指导滴灌施肥灌溉时,土壤水分状况良好,N、K的施肥时期与马铃薯植株对N、K的吸收时期基本一致。2012年和2013年马铃薯的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、鲜生物量和产量随着施肥量的增加呈先增加后下降的趋势,当施肥量比例为70%~85%时达到最大值,并且收获指数相对较低,有效延长了地上部养分向块茎转移的时间,促进更多养分向块茎积累。当施肥量比例为60%~70%时,灌溉水利用效率最高。马铃薯的产量在2012年和2013年分别以70%NPK和85%NPK时产量最高,与当地马铃薯生产企业的产量持平,但节约肥料30%~40%,平均节肥N 157 kg·hm~(-2)、P_2O_552 kg·hm~(-2)和K_2O 187 kg·hm~(-2)。因此,内蒙古沙地滴灌施肥灌溉条件下,当滴头正下方20 cm处的土壤水基质势下限在-25 kPa时进行施肥灌溉,且施肥总量为当地推荐施肥量的85%左右时,既能获得马铃薯高产,又可保证较高的水肥利用效率。     

有机质对黄土善土持水性与水肥效应的影响

黄土高原南部台塬地区有机质对土壤含水量的影响试验研究表明土壤水势相等时,随着土壤有机质含量提高,土壤水分含量增加。土壤水分能量(土壤水势)水平不同,有机质对土壤水分含量的效应值不同,在土壤水势为-40～-50kPa时,有机质对土壤水分含量的效应值最大,土壤水势大于-40kPa小于-50kPa,有机质对土壤水分含量的效应值逐渐变小;在不同土壤含水量条件下,土壤肥力(土壤有机质含量)与水势呈显著负相关,其直线斜率值能更好反映土壤水肥效应状况,并随着土壤含水量的降低,土壤水肥效应值增大,在低肥力土壤中,增施有机肥土壤水肥效应值增加最为显著。     

负压灌溉对茄子养分吸收和土壤养分环境的影响

利用负压供水装置,研究不同负压灌溉对茄子养分吸收、土壤有效养分含量和土壤酶活性的影响,以期筛选出适宜茄子生长的供水压力。在遮雨大棚内采用盆栽试验,供试土壤为草甸黑钙土,试验设3个不同供水压力(-3、-8、-15 kPa)及人工浇水(CK)共4个处理,在生育期测定茄子植株氮、磷、钾养分吸收量、土壤有效养分含量及土壤酶活性。结果表明:与CK处理相比,-3 kPa供水压力能显著提高茄子茎、叶和果实器官中氮、磷、钾的吸收量,促进了氮、磷、钾向果实中转移,有利于产量提高;与CK处理相比,-3 kPa供水压力下,茄子生育期土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别提高11.03%～21.98%、14.89%～23.97%和6.48%～13.32%,土壤脲酶活性提高11.29%～19.78%,磷酸酶活性提高9.09%～16.91%,蔗糖酶活性提高3.74%～13.17%,始果期过氧化氢酶活性提高5.08%。相关分析表明,负压供水条件下,茄子茎、叶、果实中氮、磷、钾含量与土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量间存在显著或极显著的正相关关系,并且土壤养分含量与土壤酶活性间存在极显著正相关关系。采用负压灌溉、供水压力控制在-3 kPa时,具有提高茄子植株氮、磷、钾养分吸收量,提高土壤有效养分含量,增加土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和土壤过氧化氢酶活性的效果。     

氮肥深施对旱作覆膜农田土壤养分含量及春玉米产量的影响

以春玉米为供试作物,于2021—2022年在甘肃省定西市进行不同深度施肥田间试验,以双垄沟覆膜种植为基础,设置3个氮肥施用深度：5 cm(D5)、15 cm(D15)和25 cm(D25),以不施氮(N0)处理为对照,共4个处理,分析不同氮肥施用深度对农田土壤养分含量、干物质积累、水分利用及玉米产量的影响,为优化施肥模式和进一步提升其节水增产效能提供理论依据。结果表明,随施肥深度的增加,农田0～40 cm土层土壤养分含量逐渐增大,D25处理较D15和D5处理的土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别平均提高8.67%、2.23%、22.11%和15.18%;氮肥深施可提高生育后期养分供给能力,玉米干物质积累量显著提高,D25处理播后105 d～收获期干物质积累量分别较D15和D5提高6.53%和25.30%;2个试验年份农田耗水量和水分利用效率均随着施肥深度的增加逐渐增大,D25处理分别较D15和D5平均提高10.09%和10.08%;D25处理玉米生物产量和经济产量较D5处理分别平均提高27.20%和34.93%。在西北旱作区,氮肥25 cm深施模式能为玉米提供更好的养分供给,是提高...     

污灌对土壤-植物体系中养分迁移的影响

本文就污灌对土壤-植物体系中有机质及N、P、K等的含量变化的影响进行了研究。结果表明:污灌可使土壤K素的含量增加幅度最大为27.0%,但由于氨的挥发、硝化及反硝化作用易造成氮素损失。土壤-植物体系对有机污染物有较强的净化能力。0～60!的土层对有机质、N、P有一定的富集作用,有利于植物吸收利用。而植物对K素的吸收利用率较低。植物对养分的吸收积累顺序为叶>根>茎,P>N>K素。从不同植物的吸收情况来看,榆树对养分的吸收则明显优于苹果树和山桃。相关分析表明:表层土壤中有机质与N、P、K含量密切相关。     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY^N strain and six to the PVY^O strain. No PVY^C was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY^O, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny_tbr gene and probably represent the PVY^Z group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY^O and PVY^N and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY^O, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY^N-Wilga. Some PVY^N isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY^NTN group. The PVY^NTN, PVY^N-Wilga and PVY^Z groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY^N and PVY^O, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.     

The autumn leafroller: Phenology,damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard

The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.     

Characterization of Sclerotinia minor populations in Texas peanut fields

In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.     

Eyespot of Cereals Revisited: ITS phylogeny Reveals New Species Relationships

Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.     

Tumours of Begonia and some other ornamentals,induced by Corynebacterium fascians

In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.