猪气喘病的防治与净化

改革开放20多年来，中国畜牧业进入快速发展期，养猪生产正向集约化发展，我国已建成一批年产几万头到十几万头具有现代化水平的大型猪场和养猪基地。由于采取现代化管理技术及规范化防疫措施，许多集约化猪场烈性传染病已得到控制，而以猪气喘病（Mycoplasma Pneumoniae of swine MPS，亦称Swine enzootic pneumonia猪地方流行性肺炎）为主的呼吸道病复合征成为现代养猪业的主要危害。本文通过提出各种防治和净化措施，以最大限度减少猪气喘病对养猪业的损失。     

集约化猪场常发疫病及防制对策（上）

近年来,随着农村经济产业化的推进,全盟养猪业迅速发展,仅集约化猪场就有通辽四方集团养猪场、科左中旗种猪场、奈曼粮库种猪场、丰田镇养猪基地、通辽三元种猪示范场等较大型猪扬。生猪饲养量达20多万头。集约化养猪生产,猪群规模较大,而猪舍面积却较小。即使这样,生产者为追求更多利益,还要不断增加饲养量,并时常引入良种猪。以上诸多因素,就使猪群处于一种随时感染和发生传染性疾病的危险状态。     

工厂化猪场的保温模式对产房环境的影响

随着集约化、工厂化养猪的迅速发展,一大批规模化猪场应运而生。仅河南省近年来３０００头以上规模的猪场已达１６８家,还有一大批猪场正在筹建之中。工厂化、集约化养猪业的发展,要求按现代化的生产工艺进行均衡生产,以充分发挥和利用种猪和设备的生产潜力。要解决这...     

集约化养猪场常见寄生虫病的调查和药物控制效果评价

我国是世界上最大的养猪生产国之一,寄生虫病感染对养猪生产的影响不容忽视.深入了解集约化猪场寄生虫病的存在和发生情况,将对集约化猪场的疾病控制具有非常重要的意义.通过对集约化、规模化猪场寄生虫病调查,摸清规模化猪场寄生虫病感染、药物控制情况,并对猪场药物控制效果进行评价,旨在引起养殖户对寄生虫病危害性的重视,为今后寄生虫病防治工作提供科学依据,从而保障集约化猪场规模高效发展.     

论集约化养猪生产中的几个问题

近 1 0年来我省集约化养猪像雨后春笋般的发展起来 ,大则有 3～ 5万头的场 ,小则 0 1～ 1 0万的规模 ,其中主要是商品猪场 ,亦有少数种猪场。本人近年来虽然退休 ,但一心在发挥余热 ,利用自己的专业做了些工作 :在 2 0 0 0头生产场充当负责人 ;在 3万头规模的种猪场担任技术场长 ;亦在 0 5～ 1 0万头的猪场任常年技术顾问。因此所见所知的感受颇多 ,有激人振奋的成功经验 ,亦有粗制乱造令人啼笑皆非的失败教训。下面就将自己亲身经历的一些事情记述如下 ,希望能对集约化养猪生产者有所启示和帮助。1　猪场建场设计中的问题集约化猪场以…     

因地制宜 建设集约化猪场

因地制宜建设集约化猪场王忠奇（广东省三水市畜牧局三水５２８１００）近年，我省大力发展“三高”农业和“菜篮子”工程，许多地方积极兴办集约化猪场，实行规模化养猪，养猪业出现了蓬勃发展的好形势。但在建设猪场的过程中，个别单位出现了脱离实际、贪大求洋、盲目上...     

规模猪场环境综合处理实例

在市场竞争日趋激烈的今天，养猪生产向规模化和集约化发展的步伐不断加大，随之猪场的环境也面临着更大的压力，这已成为影响猪只本身的潜力发挥和猪场经济效益的重要环节。笔者结合在生产一线的亲身实践，逐步总结出一些规模猪场的环境治理经验，在此做简要简介，与广大同行分享，共同为养猪生产创造一个良好的环境而努力。     

猪气喘病的防治措施

近几年我国养猪生产正向集约化发展,由于采用现代化管理技术,使得许多烈性传染病已得到控制,而以猪气喘病为主的呼吸道疾病,在各规模化猪场中普遍发生,同一猪群中发病率最高,可达100％,给养殖户造成了严重的经济损失,且难以彻底治愈,已成为制约养猪生产的顽固性疾病。     

猪气喘病的防治措施

近几年我国养猪生产正向集约化发展,由于采用现代化管理技术,使得许多烈性传染病已得到控制,而以猪气喘病为主的呼吸道疾病,在各规模化猪场中普遍发生,同一猪群中发病率最高,可达100％,给养殖户造成了严重的经济损失,且难以彻底治愈,已成为制约养猪生产的顽固性疾病。     

集约化猪场技术管理要点

集约化猪场技术管理要点徐东峰（湖北省大悟县畜牧局大悟４３２８００）鉴于农村集约化养猪规模愈来愈大这一趋势，现特将广东省的博罗，潮州凤新和西湖这三个万头猪场的技术管理要点综合介绍如下：１公猪①公母猪自然交配的恰当比例为１：２０，首选品种为“杜长大”；②...     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.