青藏高原不同类型藏獒体尺的调查研究

藏獒产自于青藏高原,它既是宠物又是猛兽。为了准确掌握藏獒外貌特征、特性,分别在3个地区对西藏型、青海型、河曲型3种类型的藏獒进行了体尺研究。结果显示:3种类型的藏獒具有明显差异,西藏型藏獒体尺最高,其次为青海型藏獒,最低为河曲型藏獒。西藏型公藏獒体重比青海型和河曲型分别高5.68%和10.59%,母藏獒体重分别高14.46%和22.35%;公藏獒体高分别高13.64%和21.17%,母藏獒体高分别高4.70%和12.27%;公藏獒体长分别高12.59%和21.57%,母藏獒体长分别高29.34%和39.58%;公藏獒胸围分别高28.42%和42.48%,母藏獒胸围分别高23.02%和38.18%;公藏獒管围分别高7.24%和10.88%,母藏獒管围分别高14.96%和29.20%。该研究对藏獒的分类,分析内在因素,保护地方品种、建立遗传资源基因库等具有十分重要的现实意义。     

青海藏獒体尺与毛特性的相关性分析

对青海省玉树州称多县、杂多县、囊谦县、果洛州玛多县、达日县及甘德县共100只藏獒(♀55只、♂45只)的体尺、毛特性进行了研究,并对各项指标进行了相关性分析。结果表明:(1)青海藏獒体尺指标中,在性别组间除胸围指标外,其余各指标间差异显著(P0.05)。(2)成年公藏獒的产毛量、粗毛长度、细毛厚度、粗毛伸直长度比母獒高,差异极显著(P0.01)。(3)无论是公藏獒还是母藏獒,其体重与产毛量、体尺间均呈极显著正相关,其中体重、体高、体长、胸围、管围与产毛量间相关系数在0.820 1~0.858 4之间。(4)青海藏獒产毛量与毛特性指标间,与粗毛长度、细毛厚度以及粗毛伸直长度间有极显著的正相关性(P0.01),而毛特性指标间除粗毛细度与绒毛细度呈较强的负相关外,其余指标间均呈正相关,但相关性强度不一。     

南京地区藏獒的生长发育性状研究

对南京地区引入藏獒的初生、50日龄断奶、3月龄、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄、24月龄(成年)的体重和体尺性状进行了测定和分析.结果表明,南京地区引入藏獒在3～6月龄时,其生长发育强度达到最大值;各项体征指标的累积生长符合动物的一般生长曲线;与河曲藏獒相比,24月龄的南京引入藏獒其体重较轻,分别为同一生长期河曲藏獒的66.9%(公犬)和53.7%(母犬),其余体尺指标两地藏獒的差距不大.     

藏獒群体遗传结构及基因流分析

采用RAPD技术对河曲藏獒和青海藏獒群体的遗传结构及基因流进行了分析。结果表明:河曲藏獒和青海藏獒群体的多态性位点百分率分别为85.53%和98.16%,平均为91.85%;两个藏獒群体的有效等位基因数(Ne)、Nei氏平均预期基因杂合度(H)和Shannon遗传信息指数(I)的平均值分别为1.5354、0.3191和0.4807;两个藏獒群体间的遗传分化系数(GST)为0.0691,基因流为3.3679,Nei氏标准遗传距离(D)为0.0505。结果说明藏獒群体内遗传变异丰富,不同地域的藏獒群体之间存在广泛的基因交流,群体之间遗传分化程度很低。     

藏獒配种期的饲养管理要点

<正>藏獒,在动物分类上属食肉目,犬科,犬属,原产于西藏,被列为世界名犬之一[1]。由于藏獒繁殖季节性强,优秀公藏獒太少,为使优良品种资源得以保护[2],应加强对藏獒配种期的饲养管理。1母藏獒管理1.1营养为了让母獒正常发情怀孕,在7、8月份以前要对母獒适当限食,控制其体况,避免过于肥胖。立秋以后,应注意提高母獒饲料的营养水平、能量物质的含量和蛋白质、矿物质、维生素等其他营养     

木里牦牛最佳出栏时间的研究

旨在确定木里牦牛最佳出栏时间,为提高木里牦牛的科学饲养水平和养殖效益提供科学依据。选取公、母木里牦牛各10头,分别测定其1.5岁、2.5岁、3.5岁、4.5岁、5.5岁以及成年时的体尺指标(体长、体高、胸围、管围)及体重,分析不同年龄公、母牦牛的体尺指标及体重,以确定公、母木里牦牛的最佳出栏时间。结果表明,公、母木里牦牛的各项体尺指标及体重均随年龄的增加呈逐渐增大趋势;其中公牦牛4.5岁时的体长、体高、胸围、管围、体重分别达到成年指标的86.32%、87.13%、83.70%、86.98%、78.19%,4.5岁以后各项指标增幅不明显;母牦牛3.5岁的体长、体高、胸围、管围、体重分别达到成年指标的89.13%、93.23%、93.79%、90.57%、79.13%,3.5岁以后各项指标增幅不明显。综合各项体尺指标及体重,确定木里牦牛公牛的最佳出栏时间为4.5岁,母牛的最佳出栏时间为3.5岁。     

青海贵德黑藏羊羊毛品质分析

随机选取青海贵德黑藏羊毛样进行了分析。结果表明贵德黑藏羊公、母羊毛辫长度平均分别为26.65cm和24.157cm。羊毛纤维类型的重量百分比,公、母羊粗毛、两型毛、绒毛和干死毛分别平均为46.01%、22.85%、30.74%、0.40%,净绒率为76.77%;毛纤维细度公、母羊粗毛、两型毛、绒毛分别平均为53.88μm、25.43μm、20.45μm。表明,黑藏羊毛具有毛辫长度长,粗毛、绒毛、两型毛比例适中,且干死毛含量少,毛纤维细,净绒率高的特性。     

安格斯牛在大通地区生长发育观测初报

以当地黄牛为对照,对胚胎移植后所产的18头(♀8,♂10)安格斯牛在大通县的生长发育情况进行分析。结果表明,初生公犊为29．12 kg,母犊为25．42 kg。3月龄、6月龄、12月龄公犊平均体重分别为108．57 kg、183．59 kg和322．8 kg,比青海黄牛公牛相应月龄分别提高55．2％、67．7％和81．2%;母犊平均体重分别为102．61 kg、171．33 kg和301．61 kg,比青海黄牛牛相应月龄分别提高38．1％、68．4％和79．9％;而且,安格斯牛的体型外貌、体尺均比青海黄牛有明显提高,表现出良好的肉用牛特征。     

藏獒犬瘟热的诊治

藏獒原产于我国西藏、青海等地 ,黑毛狮头、体躯高大、四肢粗壮、凶猛善斗 ,是世界上著名的大型猎犬。 1 998年 1 0月 ,河南某中型养犬场 ,从青海省和西藏自治区交界处的牧区高价选购 33头藏獒运回河南 ,1 3天后 ,部分患犬出现发热、拒食、脓性鼻漏和眼眵等 ,发病 2 3头 ,死亡 9头 ,报道如下。1　一般资料　这批藏獒共 33头 ,公 9头 ,母 2 4头 ,年龄均在 1岁以上 ,体重约 30～ 60 kg。第一批 1 6头 ,乘火车于 1 0月 1 1日到达河南 ;第二批 1 7头 ,由汽车运输 ,1 0月 1 6日抵场。 1 0月 2 4日全群免疫接种解放军农牧大学生产的犬五联疫苗。当…     

不同近交程度对藏獒体尺生长发育的影响

通过近交对河曲藏獒体尺生长发育影响的详细分析，发现随着近交系数的增加，体长、体高、胸围和管围都趋近于正态分布。近交系数为0．0652的藏獒，2—3月龄体长和3月龄管国有较大生长强度，2月龄体高生长强度不及近交系数0．0893组，体长、胸围和管围没有明显下降趋势。藏獒近交系数大于0.0652，除了体高生长强度外，其他体尺生长发育出现近交衰退趋势。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.