辽西北地区建立花生产业带的优势及对策

我国为当今世界花生大国之一,年产花生1 500万t左右,种植面积仅次于印度,位居世界第二,单产超过美国,位居世界第一.随着"入世"新形势的发展,辽宁省近年来花生种植面积逐年增大,出口占有份额逐年增加,农民种植积极性逐年增长,地方政府支持力度逐年增强.辽西北地区地处干旱和半干旱的内蒙古自治区边缘,十年九旱、气候干燥,且多为沙壤土质,种植其它作物没有优势,而花生适应性强、抗性好、耐瘠薄,没有任何一种作物能像花生那样多年一直保持产量稳定,被辽西北农民称为"铁秆庄稼".因此,以科学技术为依托,以企业为龙头建立辽西北花生产业带孕育着巨大的商机和发展潜力.     

“梅庄花生”规范化栽培氮肥用量与种植密度组合的优化研究

为了解决江西省丘陵红壤常年种植"梅庄花生"技术落后问题,本试验研究丘陵红壤土质下施氮量与种植密度互作对"梅庄花生"生长发育及产量的影响,结果表明,在施氮135kg/hm2和种植密度40cm×20cm组合下,有利于果枝分化,结果枝所占比例最高,为85.6%,饱果率、百果重、出仁率等经济性状均较好,产量最高,达3909.8kg/hm2。     

2004年国内花生种植面积将有较大幅度增加

20 0 4年国内花生种植面积将有较大幅度的增加,预计增长幅度在1 3 %左右,其中花生主产区山东省今年花生种植面积连年增长,增幅在5.71 %左右,而花生另一主产区河南省今年花生种植面积继续维持在近年来的较高水平,种植面积达976.7khm2 ,比上年增长0 .93 % ,辽宁地区种植面积增长约在2 .2 6%左右。2004年国内花生种植面积将有较大幅度增加     

世界花生之最

世界花生种植面积最大的洲:亚洲1975年种植16,812万亩;世界花生种植面积最大的国家:印度1975年种植11,064万亩;世界花生平均单位面积产量最高的国家:以色列全国四千亩花生,1967—1969年平均亩产514.4斤,美国1975年全国900万亩花生,平均单产383.34斤;世界花生最高单位面积产量:     

风沙地花生防风蚀种植技术

针对辽宁省风沙地花生种植风蚀严重问题,从选地、种植到田间管理等方面论述了风沙地花生种植栽培技术,并对关键技术进行探讨总结,为辽宁省花生生产提供技术借鉴。     

美国花生生产概况与研究动态

 本文从花生种植简要历史,生产区域和花生类型,种植面积和产量,种植技术（包括播种、收获和病虫害防治）,花生消费和产品质量控制等方面介绍了美国花生生产的概况。通过对2010至2012年美国花生研究和教育协会举办的花生年会上文章的统计,简要分析了美国在花生种质资源与育种研究、花生遗传与生物技术,花生生产技术以及病虫害抗性等方面的研究动态,旨为我国花生的科研与生产提供参考。      

华南地区不同粒数穴播方式对花生籽仁发育的影响

为探讨不同播种模式与密度对花生籽仁发育过程的动态影响,本试验以花育22号和花育39号为材料,开展了不同种植密度条件下的花生荚果发育动态和产量及其构成因素的变化研究。结果表明,荚果和籽仁鲜质量呈"快—慢"增长的趋势,籽仁干物质积累呈"慢—快—慢"的趋势,籽仁发育前期,不同处理间干物质积累量差异不明显,发育中期单粒精播对花生籽仁干物质积累有明显的促进作用。单粒精播处理籽仁脂肪含量最高,蛋白质含量最低,单株结果数、百果质量、百仁质量和荚果产量均显著高于双粒和三粒穴播。说明华南地区单粒精播种植模式中密度可以明显促进花生荚果和籽仁的发育,提高花生产量。     

花生高产种植技术要点及应用推广实践

花生作为一种种植历史悠久的农作物,在社会建设的各个行业中发挥着重要的促进作用,极大的市场需求量,使花生种植的社会经济效益愈加凸显。基于花生种植存在的问题,从选种、选地、施肥、田间管理、病虫害防治和高产技术推广等角度切入,做好花生高产种植的各方面工作,对花生高产量、高质量、健康生长和农民收入提高具有重要意义和价值。     

花生饮食文化随笔

花生在世界范围内的种植历史源远流长,不同肤色的民族对花生的烹调习惯各有千秋,花生饮食文化丰富多彩。我国是花生种植历史悠久的国家之一,历史上留下许多花生饮食方面的名人轶事,有的至今被传为美谈。     

佐治亚州的花生品种

蔓生型市场花生 蔓生花生是佐治亚州种植的主要品种,在过去三年里占花生种植面积的93％。蔓生花生在佐治亚州和东南地区的花生生产中一直占主导地位。目前佐治亚州的花生生产者拥有一些非常好的蔓生型花生品种。 佛州蔓生(Florunner) 佛州蔓生是东南地区和佐治亚州种植最广泛的品种(见表1)。由于该品种在各种环境条件下都能获得较高的产量而被花生生产者广泛种植。佛州蔓生是196O年通过杂交育成的,并在1969年由佛罗里达州农业试验站推广。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.