基于GGE双标图的长江流域国审棉花品种分类特征评价

【目的】采用GGE双标图方法,分析30年来长江流域棉花区域试验中通过国审的棉花品种的分类特征,从棉花品种改良的历史视角探索棉花品种类型和特征的演化趋势,为制定当前棉花品种选育目标和品种审定方法提供理论依据。【方法】依据国家棉花品种审定标准中的品种评分方法,赋予产量性状、纤维品质性状、抗病性和早熟性等指标相应的权重,构建统一的棉花品种多性状综合评价指数。采用GGE双标图的“品种-性状”功能图分析53个国审棉花品种与籽棉产量、皮棉产量、铃重、结铃数、衣分、子指、纤维长度、比强度、马克隆值、枯萎病指、黄萎病指、霜前花率、株高、果枝数和评价指数等15个性状的互作模式,并据此进行品种类型划分和特征分析。数据来源于1981-2012年长江流域国家棉花区域试验。根据对照品种的不同,将历年区域试验分为5个时期,分析各时期内审定品种类型的比例和总体评价指数的变化动态。【结果】GGE双标图的“品种-性状”功能图分析表明,棉花育种目标性状间存在着复杂的相关关系,有必要采用评价指数方法对品种进行综合评价。依据国家棉花品种审定标准中的品种评分方法构建了通用的品种评价指数公式：EI＝0.400×皮棉产量+0.129×比强度+ 0.086×（纤维长度+马克隆值+黄萎病）+ 0.114×枯萎病 + 0.100×霜前花率。依据品种和性状在GGE双标图中的互作模式和品种间的空间关系,将53个国审品种划分为性状特征差异显著的4个品种类型。Ⅰ型为“高产-铃多-品质较优”类型,Ⅱ型为“高产-大铃-高马值”类型,Ⅲ型为“优质-中产-小铃”类型,而Ⅳ型为“弱势品种”类型。各品种类型依据评价指数的排序为Ⅰ型品种＞Ⅱ型品种＞Ⅲ型品种＞Ⅳ型品种。品种类型的变化动态研究表明,Ⅳ型品种只出现在泗棉3号时期之前;Ⅲ型品种出现在泗棉3号和湘杂棉2号时期;Ⅰ型品种比例从泗棉3号时期逐年上升,到鄂杂棉10号时期比例回落;Ⅱ型品种开始于湘杂棉2号时期,其后呈上升趋势。【结论】利用GGE双标图和品种评价指数将53个国审棉花品种合理地划分为4个品种类型,各品种类型特征差异显著,充分展示了30年来长江流域棉花品种改良的成效和发展趋势。长江流域的棉花育种和品种审定中应更注重对马克隆值的改良和评价,以促进棉花丰产性和纤维品质的协调发展。     

长江流域国家棉花区域试验审定品种的主要特征特性演变分析(英文)

[目的]采用GGE双标图方法分析历年长江流域棉花区域试验中通过国审的棉花品种的特征特性,探索棉花品种类型和特征的演化趋势。[方法]依据国家棉花品种审定标准对品种进行分类和综合评价指数构建。采用GGE双标图分析1981~2012年期间长江流域53个国审棉花品种主要目标性状的相关性。根据区域试验历年采用的对照品种,将区域试验数据分为5个时期,分析各时期内审定品种类型的比例和总体评价指数的变化动态。[结果]棉花育种目标性状间存在着复杂的相关关系,有必要采用评价指数方法对品种进行综合评价。品种类型的变化动态研究表明,Ⅱ型品种开始于泗棉3号时期,其后呈下降趋势;Ⅲ型品种在各个时期均有一定比例,总体呈上升趋势;Ⅳ型品种为1993年前审定品种的主要类型,在泗棉3号时期以后占比例较小,且呈下降趋势。评价指数的动态变化表明,2003年前品种都在目前合格线以下;2004~2008年期间审定品种总体评分较高;2009年后审定品种的总体评分仅略高于合格线。[结论]长江流域的棉花育种和品种审定中应更注重对马克隆值的改良和评价,以引导棉花丰产性和纤维品质的协调发展。     

Evaluation on the High Yielding,Stability and Comprehensive Performances of Check Cultivars in National Cotton Regional Trials in the Yangtze River Valley

[Objective] This study was to analyze the high yielding, stability, adaptabil-ity and main characteristics of check cultivars in national cotton regional trials in the Yangtze River Val ey in 2000-2013, with the aim to provide theoretical basis for the reasonable selection of check cultivars for cotton regional trials. [Method] GGE biplot analysis method was used to carry out the intensive analysis and comprehensive comparisons on the performances and differences of the 9 major characters of check cultivars, namely, lint cotton yield , stability, and other main traits including bol weight, bol number, lint percentage, fiber length, fiber strength, micronaire val-ue, plant height and seed index. [Result] Ezamian 10 was suitable in the majority of cotton planting regions in the Yangtze River Val ey, with the best high yielding abili-ty and perfect yield stability. The yielding ability of Xiangzamian 8 ranked the sec-ond, but its stability was the poorest. Xiangzamian 8 was of the specific adaptive cultivar with relatively good performance in high yielding but the poorest stability. The suitable planting areas of Xiangzamian 8 were limited to the cotton planting re-gion around Dongting Lake in Hunan province, Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province, the Coastal region in Jiangsu Province and Wuhan district in Hubei Province. Xi-angzamian 2 performanced poorer in both yielding and stability, while Simian 3 ranked first in stability but the last in yielding ability. The dominant character of Xi-angzamian 8 and Xiangzamian 2 were high cotton plants and big bol s. Simian 3 performanced super in lint percentage and fiber length. Ezamian 10 was strong in cotton bol formation ability, lint cotton yielding, fiber strength and seed size, as wel as high micronaire value. [Conclusion] The outstanding performance of Ezamian 10 in high and stable yield in the Yangtze River Val ey in recent years has effectively promoted the high yielding ability of candidate varieties in cotton regional trials in the area.     

Evaluation on Ideal Test Sites and Regional Characteristics of Cotton Fiber Quality in Jiangsu Province

[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the dominant fiber quality traits of test sites in cotton regional trials, by analyzing the regional characteristics of cotton fiber quality in Jiangsu province, in order to provide the theory background for cotton fiber quality improvement. [Method] The dominant fiber quality traits of test locations were analyzed with eight main fiber quality indexes of hybrid cotton regional trials during 2009-2013 in Jiangsu province by use of the "ideal test site" view of GGE biplot. [Result] The test locations with the best integrative fiber quality were proved to be Yanliang, and followed by Dongxin and Guanyun; The better test locations in terms of the major fiber quality indexes, including fiber strength, fiber Length and micronaire value, were Guanyun, Xinyang and Yanliang; To sum up, the best test location with balanced fiber quality was Yanliang. The test locations with specialties in fiber quality index were listed as bellow: Dafeng, Xinghua and Dongtai performance better in fiber length; Qidong, Liuhe and Yanhai locations were of better fiber length uniformity; Sheyang and Dongxin were better in micronaire value;while Sheyang along was better in fiber elongation and reflectance. Moreover, the correlation between fiber yellowness and other traits was significant(P0.01). [Conclusion] The regional characteristic of cotton fiber quality index in Jiangsu province was obvious and fiber yellowness was worthy an indicator trait to assist the comprehensive improvement of cotton fiber quality.     

远缘杂交棉花新品种石远321的综合分析

 利用棉花远缘杂交技术,用海岛棉（G.barbadense）、野生瑟伯氏棉(G.thurberi)、陆地棉(G.hirsutum)进行杂交,对杂交铃喷(滴)GA3(50ppm)、NAA（40ppm）、杂种胚离体培养,试管内染色体加倍,对获得的种间杂种进行回交较育,南繁北育,异地鉴定选育而成棉花新品种“石远321”。1993~1994年国家黄河流域棉花品种区域试验,亩产子棉、皮棉、霜前皮棉均居八个参试品种第一位,其中霜前皮棉产量885 kg/hm2,比对照增产19.7%,是1982~2000年19年间国家黄河流域棉花品种区域试验中霜前皮棉增产幅度最大的一个品种。     

远缘杂交棉花品种石远321的选育研究

用海岛棉(G.barbadense)、野生瑟伯氏棉(G.thurberi)、陆地棉(G.hirsutum)进行杂交,通过对杂交铃喷(滴)GA3(50 mg/kg)、NAA(40mg/kg)、杂种胚离体培养,试管内染色体加倍,克服了杂交后代的不亲和性及杂种不育性,杂种后代各种性状长期疯狂分离性,对获得的种间杂种进行回交转育,南繁北育,异地鉴定,经20个世代选育成棉花新品种“石远321”。它是3个棉种远缘杂交育成的第1个三元(HBT)杂交新品种,在国内、国际文献中未见有育成同类品种的报道。1993~1994年国家黄河流域棉花品种区域试验中,“石远321”霜前皮棉885 kg/hm2,比对照“中棉所12号”增产19.7%,是1982~2000年19年间家黄河流域棉花品种区域试验中霜前皮棉增产幅度最大的一个品种。该品种2001年获国家科技进步二等奖。     

Evolution of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Application Rates in Cotton Fields and Its Influences on Cotton Yield in the Yangtze River Valley

[Objective] The historical evolution pattern of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P)and potassium(K) fertilizer application rate and its effects on lint cotton yield were explored to provide the theoretical basis for reasonable fertilizer management strategy in the cotton planting region of the Yangtze River Valley. [Method] GGE biplot analysis method was adopted to analyze the correlation among N, P and K fertilizer application rate and lint cotton yield with the dataset of national cotton regional trials of the Yangtze River Valley during 1991-2013. The linear and nonlinear regression analysis method was used to reveal the evolution of the fertilizer applying patterns,and analyze the effects of N, P, K application rates on cotton lint yield. [Result] The application rates of N, P and K fertilizer presented highly significant positive correlation with lint cotton yield, among which the potassium fertilizer was the strongest relative factor with lint cotton yield, followed by phosphorus fertilizer, while nitrogen fertilizer was the weakest factor. The application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was related with the test year in the pattern of a quadratic function, while phosphate and potassium had progressive increase linear relation with the test year in the cotton planting region of the Yangtze River Valley. Meanwhile, cotton lint yield was in response to nitrogen fertilizer content increase with a quadratic parabola function, and increased with the applying phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer content with linearly increasing function. [Conclusion] The increasing application amount of N, P and K fertilizer was generally beneficial to cotton yield improvements, however, exorbitant applying nitrogen fertilizer was unfavorable for cotton production, and a reasonable mixture formula of N, P and K fertilizer was better in terms of cotton yield-increasing effect.     

Evolution of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Application Rates in Cotton Fields and Its Influences on Cotton Yield in the Yangtze River Valley

[Objective] The historical evolution pattern of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P)and potassium(K) fertilizer application rate and its effects on lint cotton yield were explored to provide the theoretical basis for reasonable fertilizer management strategy in the cotton planting region of the Yangtze River Valley. [Method] GGE biplot analysis method was adopted to analyze the correlation among N, P and K fertilizer application rate and lint cotton yield with the dataset of national cotton regional trials of the Yangtze River Valley during 1991-2013. The linear and nonlinear regression analysis method was used to reveal the evolution of the fertilizer applying patterns,and analyze the effects of N, P, K application rates on cotton lint yield. [Result] The application rates of N, P and K fertilizer presented highly significant positive correlation with lint cotton yield, among which the potassium fertilizer was the strongest relative factor with lint cotton yield, followed by phosphorus fertilizer, while nitrogen fertilizer was the weakest factor. The application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was related with the test year in the pattern of a quadratic function, while phosphate and potassium had progressive increase linear relation with the test year in the cotton planting region of the Yangtze River Valley. Meanwhile, cotton lint yield was in response to nitrogen fertilizer content increase with a quadratic parabola function, and increased with the applying phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer content with linearly increasing function. [Conclusion] The increasing application amount of N, P and K fertilizer was generally beneficial to cotton yield improvements, however, exorbitant applying nitrogen fertilizer was unfavorable for cotton production, and a reasonable mixture formula of N, P and K fertilizer was better in terms of cotton yield-increasing effect.     

Development and Validation of National Cotton Cultivar Registration Index Model in Yangtze River Valley

[Objective] Based on the cotton variety high yielding potential, fiber quality traits, disease resistance, and early maturity characters, a cultivar registration index model was developed to simplify the tedious calculation process in national cotton registration procedure, and thus to enhance the practical application of cultivar regis- tration index in cotton breeding ancl cotton recommending. [Method] By means of correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and path analysis methods, the cor- relation of cotton main properties and their effects on cultivar registration index were explored using the dataset of national cotton regional trials in Yangtze River Valley during 1996-2013. The cultivar registration index model was constructed with step- wise regression statistical technique to ascertain the quantitative relationship of main characters with cultivar registration index, and the regional cotton trial dataset in 2013 was used to validate the model. [Result] Several characters with larger deter- minants to cultivar registration index were screened out,ie. lint yield increase ratio, pro-frost yield ratio, verticillium wilt index, fiber strength, fusarium wilt index and mi- cronaire value. The cultivar registration index model defined the functional relation- ship of cultivar registration index with the selected main characters, among which lint yield increase ratio, fiber strength and micronaire value contributed most to culti- var registration index. The model validation with regional cotton trials in 2013 indi- cated the root mean square error, RMSE was only 2.77, and the variation coeffi- cient was 6.77%, which confirmed the model prediction effect was quite perfect. [Conclusion] The developed cultivar registration index model was reliable enough to simulate the complicated scoring system in cultivar registration procedure, also sim- plified cotton registration process, and enhanced the practicability of the cultivar reg- istration index.     

棉花高产育种中植株形态性状及产量性状选育模式参数的研究

以2006年和2007年参加河南省春播棉品种区域试验的15个棉花品种为试材,对其植株性状(株高、果枝始节和果枝台数)、产量因素性状(单株铃数、单位面积总铃数、铃重、籽指、衣分、皮棉产量)和纤维品质性状(上半部长度、整齐度、麦克隆值、比强度、伸长率、反射率、黄度、纺纱均匀性指数)的17个数量性状为研究对象,各棉花品种的指标数据均取其2 a参试结果的平均值,在主成分分析和通径分析的基础上,利用多元多项式回归及模拟仿真因素取值的频率分析棉花高产育种的数量性状选育模式参数。结果表明:皮棉产量≥1500 kg/hm2的棉花选育模式参数为株高97.67～99.60 cm、果枝始节6.48～6.89节、果枝台数13.68～13.97台、株铃19.08～19.27个、铃重6.14～6.18 g、衣分39.23%～39.51%,产量期望可达到2 196 kg/hm2。     

杂交棉花新品种苏棉29的选育（英文）

阐述了新品种苏棉29的选育过程及基本性状。该品种在江苏省区域试验中两年平均籽棉产量和皮棉产量分别达到4 185和1 737 kg/hm2,分别较对照品种泗杂3号增产10.6%和8.5%;生产试验中平均籽棉产量达到4 176 kg/hm2,皮棉产量1 745 kg/hm2。该品种纤维品质各项指标均达Ⅲ级以上标准,并具有高抗棉铃虫,兼抗枯黄萎病等特点,具有较好的推广应用前景。同时,该高产转基因棉花新品种苏棉29已于2013年通过江苏省农作物品种审定。     

杂交棉花新品种苏棉29的选育

阐述了新品种苏棉29的选育过程及基本性状。该品种在江苏省区域试验中2年平均籽棉产量和皮棉产量分别达到4185和1737kg,／hm2,分别较对照品种泗杂3号增产10．6％和8．5％;生产试验中平均籽棉产量达到4176kg／hm2,皮棉产量达1745kg／hm2。该品种纤维品质各项指标均达Ⅲ级以上标准,并具有高抗棉铃虫,兼抗枯黄萎病等特点,具有较好的推广应用前景。同时,该高产转基因棉花新品种苏棉29已于2013年通过江苏省农作物品种审定。     

Genetic Effect on Yield and Fiber Quality Traits of 16 Chromosome Substitution Lines in Upland Cotton

Evaluation of the genetic effect on yield and fiber quality can provide useful information on cotton breeding. Sixteen CSB lines and TM-1 introduced from USDA/ARS were used as male and top-crossed with three elite cultivars and the 51 F1 hybrids, 16 CSB lines, TM-1, and 3 elite cultivars were planted at the Cotton Research Institute of CAAS, Anyang, Henan Province and Xiajin, Shandong Province, China. The yield traits and fiber quality data were obtained and additive and dominance effect on each trait were measured by AD model. Boll weight takes the largest additive proration, whereas boll number takes the least additive proration. The largest and the least dominant proration for lint yield and boll weight were measured, respectively. Fiber length has the additive and dominance effect, and dominance effect was slightly more than additive effect. Larger additive and no dominance effect on uniformity, micronaire, and fiber strength were measured. Significantly, positive additive effect on boll weight of CSB06 and CSB12Sh was observed. CSB14Sh and CSB01 have significantly positive additive effect on 4 and 3 traits of fiber quality, respectively. CSB01 has the greatest dominant effect on lint yield among CSB lines. The dominant effect on fiber length of CSB lines showed positive. It is beneficial to use CSB06 and CSB12Sh as parents to improve boll size, to use CSB14Sh and CSB01 as parents to improve fiber quality. As for hybrid cotton breeding, it is reasonable using CSB01 to improve lint yield traits, and using CSB01, CSB11Sh, and CSB06 to improve fiber length.     

高品质陆地棉农艺性状与皮棉产量的关系分析

1材料与方法 1．1材料 供试24份高品质陆地棉品系分别为A001、A016、A018、A106、A107、A111、A112、A113、A201B、A203B、A210、A301、A402B、A405B、A407、A408、A413、A705,A708、A709、A9—1、P2、P4。     

转iaaM高衣分棉花种质IF1-1杂种优势分析及育种应用

转iaa M(色氨酸单加氧酶基因)高衣分棉花种质已经培育出来,但应用于育种研究较少。我们利用转iaa M高衣分棉花种质IF1-1做父本、16个陆地棉品种(系)做母本,分别配制杂交组合,检测了亲本及其F1和F2群体的iaa M遗传;田间调查了材料的抗病性及农艺性状,室内考查了产量构成因子,同时进行了产量统计分析;通过系统选育结合分子辅助选择对杂交后代进行定向培育,获得了新的高衣分种质,实现了该种质的育种应用。结果表明:(1)FBP7-iaa M是1对显性基因;(2)与高衣分亲本IF1-1相比,F1和F2代衣分不具备超中与超亲优势,但与16个母本品种(系)相比,却能明显提高现有品种(系)的衣分率;(3)F1代产量尤其是皮棉产量具备较明显的超亲优势,皮棉产量优势值为13.4%,这就意味着可以选择生产上产量较高的品种与IF1-1配制杂交组合,选择高优势杂交种直接利用;(4)F1和F2代抗病性明显好于IF1-1,但与母本相比较差,所以,在杂交后代的选择中应注意观察枯萎病和黄萎病的发病情况,选择抗病性好的后代;(5)子棉产量的提高主要是通过铃重和单株铃数的增加来实现,皮棉产量的增加则是通过子棉产量与衣分的共同提高来完成;(6)杂交后代具备选择出高衣分新品系的潜力。本研究实现了将国家科技重大专项获得的第2代转基因棉花种质应用于棉花育种,对提升我国生物育种水平具有重大意义。     

特早熟高衣分棉花育种材料创新

[目的]为高衣分棉花品种的选育提供新的育种材料。[方法]采用自然变异、连续选择的系选法,在天然杂交育种圃中选育出稳定的高衣分棉花品种。[结果]株行2008—3的籽棉产量为1705．5kg／hm2,皮棉产量为870．0kg／hm2,分别比对照增产13．8％和34．9％,衣分高达51．1％。株行2008-6的籽棉产量为2595．0kg／hm2,皮棉产量为1305．0kg／hm2,分别比对照增产73．1％和102．3％,衣分为50．3％。株行2008—8的籽棉产量为2356．5kg／hm2,皮棉产量为1140．0kg／hm2,分别比对照增产57．3％和76．7％。衣分为48．4％。株行2008—10的籽棉产量为2458．5kg／hm2,皮棉产量为1215．0kg／hm2,分别比对照增产64．O％和88．4％,衣分为49．4％。品系49-26的籽棉产量为1350．0kg／hm2,皮棉产量为675．0kg／hm2,分别比对照增产25．9％和50．0％,衣分为50．0％。品系47-7的籽棉产量为1285．5kg/hm2,皮棉产量为637．5kg／hm2,分别比对照增产19．8％和41．7％,衣分为49．6％。[结论]该研究为高衣分、高品质棉花新品种（系）的选育奠定了良好的种质资源基础。     

安徽麦区软质小麦面粉溶剂保持力的基因型与环境互作

为了深入了解安徽麦区软质小麦溶剂保持力（SRC）性状的基因型效应与不同种植区域环境效应的互作关系及稳定性,利用GGE双标图对种植于7个生态试点的12个大田推广软质小麦品种的蔗糖SRC、乳酸SRC、碳酸钠SRC和水SRC 4个性状进行了综合评价。GGE结果表明,供试材料的4个SRC性状的GGE变异值均大于50%,环境-基因型互作效应复杂。能较好区分蔗糖SRC和乳酸SRC的试点是濉溪,能较好区分碳酸钠SRC且具有强代表性的生态点是新马桥,能区分水SRC的生态点是阜阳。生态适应性和稳定性分析表明：蔗糖SRC值表现较稳定的品种包括华成863、龙科1109、荃麦725和涡麦99;乳酸SRC值稳定的品种有徽研912和瑞华麦516,碳酸钠SRC值稳定的品种包括徽研912和瑞华麦516,水SRC值表现较稳定的品种是华成863。     

Stability analysis of different cotton genotypes under normal and water-deficit conditions

Cotton plant observes significant reduction in seed cotton yield when subjected to water stress. To find out genotypes having better drought tolerance, seven genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum L. were tested under two moisture levels, i.e., normal and water deficit stress conditions at five locations of Punjab, Pakistan(Faisalabad, Sahiwal, Vehari, Rahim Yar Khan, and Bahawalpur) in 2013 and 2014. Genotype×environment interaction(GEI) was studied using the genotype main effects and genotype by environment interaction(GGE) biplot and additive main effect and multiplicative interaction analysis. The genotypes G3(7001/11) and G6(FH-942) were stable under normal condition, while under drought condition, the stable genotype was G5(FH-326) when analysed using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) biplot scheme. While GGE biplot analysis on the basis of best performance revealed that under normal condition the genotypes, G1(L-13/10) and G2(FH-2056/10), carrying the common position in biplot. Whereas, under water deficit stress condition, G5 was the best adaptive genotype at all five locations. In the same way, ranking of genotypes showed that the G5 was the ideal genotype under both conditions. So, it is concluded that the genotype G5(FH-326) was found best for water deficit stress condition and can be cultivated under water scarce areas of Punjab.     

抗虫杂交棉农艺性状相关性分析

采用多种相关分析方法 ,研究了 66个抗虫杂交棉F1 代产量、产量构成因素以及纤维品质等主要农艺性状的相关性。结果表明 :抗虫杂交棉产量构成因素中 ,衣分和单株结铃数对籽棉、皮棉产量的作用最大 ,而单铃重对产量的影响较小。产量与纤维比强度和麦克隆值均呈正相关 ,抗虫杂交棉仍然存在纤维长度、强度与细度不协调的问题。进一步分析了产量和纤维品质性状与生育性状的相关性 ,并提出相应的抗虫杂交棉选育和栽培技术     

河北省杂交棉产量构成因素研究

为了更高效地进行杂交棉品种选育,利用2006~2015年近10 a的河北省棉花区域试验资料,采用相关分析和多元逐步回归分析的统计方法,对影响杂交棉产量的构成因素进行了分析。相关分析结果表明:4个产量构成因素中,皮棉产量与单铃重呈极显著的正相关,与衣分和单株铃数呈不显著的正相关,与子指呈不显著相关;多元线性回归、偏相关分析和通径分析结果表明,4个产量构成因素均对皮棉产量有一定意义,对皮棉产量的贡献度顺序为单铃重衣分单株铃数子指。因此,在杂交棉品种选育时,应尽力提高杂交棉的单铃重,同时重视协调与衣分和单株铃数的相互关系,从而大大提高棉花的皮棉产量。