禽源沙门菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

2013年对江苏、安徽、山东、浙江等地的禽场进行了沙门菌分离、鉴定和耐药性分析。从506份样品中分离获得119株沙门菌,鸡、鸭和鹅的沙门菌分离率分别为28.35%(114/402)、5.40%(4/74)和33.33%(1/30)。鸡源菌株均属于D群,鹅源菌株属于C1群,鸭源菌株分属于C1和E1群。择70株进行了21种抗菌药敏感性试验,结果显示,所有分离株均表现出不同程度的耐药性,分离株对萘啶酸耐药最为普遍,耐药率高达90.00%,其次为四环素(72.86%)、强力霉素(69.57%)、链霉素(62.86%)、复方新诺明(58.57%)和大观霉素(52.86%)。87.14%的分离株耐3种以上抗菌药,其中有1株可耐9种药物。耐6种抗菌药的菌株数量最多,约占37.14%,最常见的多重耐药谱为强力霉素/萘啶酸/链霉素/大观霉素/四环素/复方新诺明。     

华中地区鸡源沙门菌分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了探明华中地区种鸡场沙门菌(Salmonella)的优势血清型和耐药情况,本研究从湖北、河南、湖南等省市22个规模化鸡场采集病鸡、死胚及弱雏组织样品3 724份,通过分离培养、生化试验、PCR鉴定及血清型试验确定分离菌种属及其血清型,并采用Kirby-Bauer法对分离菌株进行了耐药性分析。结果显示,本试验从3 724份病料中共分离鉴定出124株沙门菌,其中79株为D群肠炎沙门菌(63.71%,79/124),34株为D群鸡白痢沙门菌(27.42%,34/124),8株为B群鼠伤寒沙门菌(6.45%,8/124),有3株沙门菌未能确定血清型。O抗原鉴定79株肠炎沙门菌和34株鸡白痢沙门菌为O9,8株鼠伤寒沙门菌为O4。H抗原鉴定79株肠炎沙门菌为Hg,m,8株鼠伤寒沙门菌为Hi。药敏试验结果显示,124株分离菌株对萘啶酸、氨苄青霉素、四环素和多西环素耐药率分别为95.97%(119/124)、91.94%(114/124)、57.26%(71/124)和70.16%(87/124);对复方新诺明和红霉素耐药率分别为25.81%(32/124)和12.10%(15/124);对氯霉素、庆大霉素、头孢噻肟和卡那霉素耐药率分别为6.45%(8/124)、1.61%(2/124)、1.61%(2/124)和0.81%(1/124);对左氧氟沙星、阿米卡星和多黏菌素B完全敏感。99.19%(123/124)的分离株至少对一种药物耐药,87.10%(108/124)的分离株表现多重耐药。本研究为华中地区养鸡场沙门菌的诊断及防控提供了数据支撑。     

鸡源沙门菌的分离鉴定与耐药性分析

为了解某鸡场沙门菌临床分离株血清型分布与药物敏感性,以常规方法从病死雏鸡分离出多株细菌,经形态学观察、生化试验、PCR检测和血清型定型,最终鉴定出10株沙门菌,其中2株为肠炎沙门菌,8株为鸡白痢沙门菌。采用Kindy-Bauer(KB)法检测分离菌株对25种抗菌药物的敏感性表明,菌株均为多重耐药菌株,对阿奇霉素等12种药物的耐药率达到70%以上,而对复达欣等13种药物的敏感率均高于70%。结果表明,沙门菌早期感染仍是造成雏鸡高死亡率的重要病因之一,长期以来抗菌药物在养鸡业上的不合理使用已对沙门菌的耐药谱产生了明显影响,给沙门菌的临床防控带来了新的挑战。     

河南鸡源沙门菌的分离鉴定及其耐药性分析

对来自河南郑州、许昌、周口等20个地市101个鸡场的161份疑似沙门菌感染的病料进行病原菌分离鉴定和耐药性试验。通过细菌分离培养、形态染色、生化试验、血清学试验、致病性试验,结果分离鉴定出33株沙门菌,且均具有明显的致病性。药敏试验发现,33株分离株除对头孢曲松较为敏感(51.5%)外,对其他13种药物均呈不同程度耐药性,对复方新诺明的耐药率最高,为81.8%(27/33),其次为喹诺酮类药物,且表现为交叉耐药现象。对环丙沙星产生耐药性的菌株占分离株总数的75.7%(25/33),对诺氟沙星耐药的菌株占69.7%(23/33),对氧氟沙星耐药的菌株占63.6%(21/33)。结果表明:不同地区的分离菌株对各种药物的耐药性不同,同一地区的分离菌株对各种药物的耐药性也存在显著差异。     

鸡源山夫登堡沙门菌分离鉴定及耐药性和毒力基因检测

【目的】确定广东某肉鸡养殖场疑似沙门菌感染病例的病原及其药物敏感性,为制定有效的防控和净化措施及合理的用药方案提供科学依据。【方法】本研究对广东省某规模化鸡场若干份病鸡的肝脏和肠道样品进行沙门菌的分离培养、革兰染色、生化试验、invA特异性基因PCR鉴定、16S rRNA鉴定、血清学分型,采用K-B纸片法检测菌株对20种抗菌药物的敏感性,并通过PCR方法检测菌株的耐药基因和毒力基因。【结果】细菌分离培养可见无色透明、呈细小的露珠样菌落或光滑圆整、透明湿润、中心为黑色的菌落,疑似菌落革兰染色呈粉红色、散在分布、两端稍圆的短杆菌,无荚膜,无芽孢;分离菌生化试验呈产气、底层产酸、产硫化氢呈黑色且斜面产碱变红现象;对疑似菌落DNA进行PCR扩增,invA特异性基因扩增出大小约为285 bp的条带,16S rRNA基因扩增出大小约为1 500 bp的条带,本研究共分离鉴定出8株山夫登堡沙门菌。药物敏感性试验结果显示,8株菌对头孢他啶、庆大霉素、阿米卡星、卡那霉素、米诺环素、强力霉素、多黏菌素B均无耐药性,但对青霉素、头孢氨苄、万古霉素、红霉素、林可霉素、氨苄西林、哌拉西林、头孢唑林、头孢呋辛钠、...     

15株禽源沙门菌的分离鉴定与耐药性试验

本试验旨在对沙门菌临床分离株进行鉴定及其耐药性进行研究。通过收集2012年2月-7月间具有典型沙门菌病病变特征的病例,无菌采集病死禽的肝脏、心、卵巢等脏器接种血清营养琼脂培养基,以麦康凯琼脂培养基纯化分离菌,并检测其生化特点,16S rDNA基因测序法快速鉴定分离菌株,然后进一步鉴定血清型;同时用15种抗菌药物进行药敏试验。结果显示,有15株细菌在麦康凯琼脂培养基上为无色、透明的菌落,能利用葡萄糖、甘露醇,不发酵乳糖、蔗糖,符合沙门菌的生化特性。同时,15株沙门菌的16S rDNA序列分析结果显示,分离株的同源性达到97%以上。15株沙门菌的血清学试验结果显示,有7株鼠伤寒沙门菌、5株伤寒沙门菌、2株肠炎沙门菌、1株鸡白痢沙门菌。药敏试验结果显示,分离细菌对链霉素、萘啶酸、强力霉素和美洛西林耐药率高。     

鸡源沙门菌的鉴定及耐药性检测

沙门菌(Salmonella)是一类条件性细胞内寄生肠杆菌,多数能引起宿主胃肠炎或败血症,也是食物中毒主要病原菌.由于其血清型复杂,在畜牧生产上,常使用抗菌药物防治该病发生.随着药物的广泛使用,耐药性问题日趋严重.据有关耐药性监测数据表明,整个沙门菌属的多重耐药率从上世纪90年代20％～30％增加到本世纪初70％,耐药菌的大量出现,已成为全球关注的公共卫生问题[1].本试验采集我国不同地区病鸡样本,分离鉴定出210株沙门菌,对21种抗菌药物进行了敏感性检测,为我国动物源微生物耐药性监测体系的建立提供数据.     

河南省部分地区鸡源沙门菌分离鉴定与耐药性分析

本研究从河南省部分地区规模化鸡场无菌收集疑似鸡源沙门菌病料154份,通过细菌分离、生化试验和PCR鉴定,共分离鉴定出48株鸡源沙门菌,检出率为31.16%,对其血清型分型和药敏检测。结果显示,分离菌株分属5种血清型,鸡白痢沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌为优势血清型;分离菌对氨苄西林耐药率最高,为95.83%,对头孢曲松、头孢喹肟、庆大霉素、多西环素、阿米卡星、阿奇霉素和新霉素耐药率相对较低,介于2.08%～8.33%。最多耐受8种抗菌药物,多重耐药率为77.08%。本研究结果对河南省部分地区鸡源沙门菌的防控提供参考。     

河北省保定地区雏鸡鸡白痢沙门菌的分离鉴定及耐药性检测

为了有效防控雏鸡白痢沙门菌病,试验自保定某蛋种鸡场疑似为鸡沙门菌病雏鸡采取肝脏病料进行细菌的分离培养、生化鉴定、鸡白痢沙门菌多价血清学鉴定及沙门菌inv A基因PCR鉴定,并对分离菌进行致病性检测及对7种抗菌药物的耐药性检测。结果表明,10株分离菌的形态特征、生化特性、血清学鉴定结果符合鸡白痢沙门菌的特征,说明从病死雏鸡组织中分离出的细菌为鸡白痢沙门菌。沙门菌inv A基因PCR扩增出373 bp目的片段,进一步证实分离菌为鸡沙门菌。用分离菌株接种雏鸡,其死亡率高达90%,表明该菌株有很高的致病性。10株分离菌株对阿莫西林和青霉素耐药率达100%,对阿齐霉素的耐药率达90%,而对阿米卡星、头孢唑林和庆大霉素耐药性较弱、对氧氟沙星较为敏感。3耐菌株多重耐药比例为42.86%,4耐菌株多重耐药比例为57.14%,5耐菌株多重耐药比例为71.43%,说明雏鸡沙门菌分离株对所试抗菌药物均表现出不同程度的耐药性,且表现出多重耐药现象。本试验为鸡白痢沙门菌病的防治提供参考。     

赛鸽源鸡杆菌复合群-3的分离鉴定与药敏试验

为分离鉴定引起辽宁省某赛鸽养殖场赛鸽患病及死亡的病原菌及其特性,本实验从采集的病死赛鸽肝脏、肺脏、脾脏、心脏等病料样品中分离到1株优势菌株,并对其进行常规形态学观察、生化鉴定、16S r DNA基因序列测定、动物致病性试验及药敏试验。结果显示,该菌属于鸡杆菌复合群-3,命名为HLD-1;动物致病性试验结果显示HLD-1对种鸽有一定的致病性。药敏试验结果显示,HLD-1对氨苄西林、头孢曲松敏感。本研究首次从辽宁省赛鸽分离得到鸡杆菌复合群-3,为进一步研究赛鸽源鸡杆菌复合群-3的致病机制奠定基础。     

鲜牛奶中细菌的分离纯化及其药物敏感性分析

为了解鲜牛奶中细菌的分布情况及其对抗生素的敏感状况,实验对30份采自河北张家口地区某养殖场的新鲜无菌牛奶进行细菌分离鉴定,并分别用青霉素(16μg/ml)、氯霉素(32μg/ml)、克林霉素(4μg/ml)、红霉素(8μg/ml)、四环素(16μg/ml)、庆大霉素(16μg/ml)、环丙沙星(4μg/ml)、头孢噻吩(32μg/m)l进行药敏实验。结果显示30份牛奶样品中共分离得到111株菌,分别为葡萄球菌31株、沙雷氏菌14株、假单胞菌12株、芽孢杆菌11株、肠杆菌5株、不动杆菌4株、奇异变形杆菌3株、微球菌3株、巨球菌3株、肠球菌4株、其它菌21株。其中耐青霉素16μg/ml的为50株,耐氯霉素32μg/ml的为23株,耐克林霉素4μg/ml的为46株,耐红霉素8μg/ml的为37株,耐四环素16μg/ml的为38株,耐庆大霉素16μg/ml的是7株,耐环丙沙星4μg/ml的为8株,耐头孢噻吩32μg/ml的为40株。通过实验可知,细菌类型主要有葡萄球菌、沙雷氏菌、假单胞菌等;8种抗生素中,庆大霉素、环丙沙星、氯霉素的抑菌效果较好,而青霉素、克林霉素、红霉素、四环素、头孢噻吩的抑菌效果相对较差。     

Pathotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli isolates from neonatal calves

Neonatal calf mortality is a major concern to livestock sector worldwide. Neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD), an acute severe condition causes morbidity and mortality in calves. Amongst various pathogens involved in NCD, E. coli is considered as one of the major causes. The study was targeted to characterize E. coli isolates from neonatal calves for diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) types (pathotyping), antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiling and to correlate with epidemiological parameters. From neonates, a total of 113 faecal samples were collected, out of that 308, lactose fermenting colonies were confirmed as E. coli. Pathotypable isolates (12.3%) were represented by STEC (6.1%), EPEC (2.9%), ETEC (1.9%), EAEC (0.9%) and EHEC (0.3%). Occurrence of STEC was more in non-diarrhoeic calves, whereas ETEC was observed more in diarrhoeic calves. EPEC occurrence was observed in both diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic calves. Fishers extract test showed no significant association for occurrence of DEC types to type of dairies, health status, species, breed, age and sex of neonatal calves. Two hundred and eighty isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The isolates showed maximum resistance towards ampicillin (55.4%) followed by tetracycline (54.3%), while minimum resistance was observed towards meropenem (2.5%). Multidrug resistant E. coli isolates were found to be 139 (49.6%), and Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers were 120 (42.9%). DEC pathotypes like STEC, ETEC, EHEC and EAEC that are also multidrug resistant present in neonatal calves have zoonotic potential and hence are of public health significance.

     

鸡大肠杆菌地方菌株的分离鉴定与药敏试验

分离了 16株鸡致病性大肠杆菌 ,对它们进行了生化鉴定和药敏试验 ,并与标准株O1 、O2 、O78相对照。结果发现鸡的大肠杆菌对临床上常用的喹诺酮类药物产生了明显的耐药性 ,这与这几年在兽医临床上长期大剂量应用喹诺酮类药物有关。     

鸡产气荚膜梭菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

对哈尔滨市3个鸡场送检疑似鸡坏死性肠炎病例进行了病理剖检和细菌分离,从菌落、菌体的形态、生化特性、PCR鉴定、病理组织学检查和细菌致病性等方面对病原菌进行了鉴定。结果表明,病原菌为厌氧的革兰阳性短杆菌,在含卵黄的TSC培养基上形成周围带白浊环的黑色圆菌落,能发酵葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、乳糖和紫牛乳;PCR鉴定及致病性试验表明分离的细菌为产气荚膜梭菌,且有致病性。药敏试验显示,分离菌株对青霉素等5种药物高度敏感;对新霉素等4种药物耐药。     

Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis group strains recovered from broiler faeces

1. The objective was to evaluate the occurrence of cultivable components of the Bacteroides fragilis group in faeces of broiler chickens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.

2. Faecal samples of 36?×?45-d-old Cobb broilers of both sexes from 15 different flocks on one farm were diluted 10-fold and plated on to Bacteroides-bile-esculin agar for colony count and isolation. Identification was by molecular methods and antimicrobial susceptibility in the agar dilution assay.

3. A total of 236 isolates was recovered from a mean population of 3·32?×?10⁷ colony-forming units/g of faeces. B. fragilis was shown to be the predominant Bacteroides species (45·3%), followed by B. distasonis (35·6%), B. vulgatus (8·9%), B. ovatus (2·5%) and B. stercoris (1·3%).

4. Among 204 bacterial isolates tested, high resistance to ampicillin (98·5%), norfloxacin (95·1%) and tetracycline (88·2%) were observed. High (89·7%) multi-drug resistance was observed to 3–7 of the tested drugs.

5. Components of the B. fragilis group were sub-dominant in broiler faecal microbiota, with a different species pattern compared with human and high antimicrobial multi-drug resistance.     

源于奶牛蹄部感染的牛源污蝇解壳杆菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

为确定导致江苏某奶牛场蹄部感染的病原,采集发病奶牛蹄部感染病灶的病料进行细菌分离培养,使用MAL-DI Biotyper微生物快速鉴定系统进行细菌鉴定,并对分离菌株进行药物敏感性试验.结果显示,病灶中的分离株为污蝇解壳杆菌(Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica),血平板上呈β型溶血.药敏试验...     

雏番鸭沙门氏菌的分离与鉴定

2014年10月,福建某番鸭场因患疑似鸭沙门氏菌病导致雏番鸭大量死亡,为确诊雏番鸭死亡原因,对送诊的死亡雏番鸭进行细菌分离、生化鉴定和针对沙门氏菌fimW基因作PCR鉴定,并对分离菌进行药敏试验以及动物回归试验,试验结果表明：引起雏番鸭死亡的原因是鸭沙门氏菌病。     

Isolation of Mycoplasmas from nasal swabs of calves affected with respiratory diseases and antimicrobial susceptibility of their isolates

Nasal swabs of 293 calves were examined for Mycoplasma. The samples were collected from calves affected with respiratory diseases on 71 farms in various parts of Japan between 1996 and 1997. Mycoplasma bovirhinis was isolated from 47 of 293 calves (16.0%). Mycoplasma alkalescens, M. bovis, M. arginini, M. bovigenitalium and Acholeplasma spp. were isolated from 19 (6.5%), seven (2.4%), four (1.4%), four (1.4%) and 18 (6.1%) calves, respectively. Pasteurella multocida and P. haemolytica were isolated from 60% of Mycoplasma-positive calves. However, other bacteria were not isolated from calves. To evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of their isolates, 68 M. bovirhinis, 21 M. alkalescens and 10 M. bovis strains were examined for 12 antimicrobial agents. All isolates showed higher susceptibility to tiamulin than to the other drugs used in the study. However, erythromycin had no effect on any of the Mycoplasma strains studied. The field isolates were less susceptible than the type strains to some drugs, such as spiramycin, oxytetracycline and tylosin.