Angular momentum conservation in dipolar energy transfer

Conservation of angular momentum is a familiar tenet in science but has seldom been invoked to understand (or predict) chemical processes. We have developed a general formalism based on Wigner's original ideas concerning angular momentum conservation to interpret the photo-induced reactivity of two molecular donor-acceptor assemblies with physical properties synthetically tailored to facilitate intramolecular energy transfer. Steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic data establishing excited-state energy transfer from a rhenium(I)-based charge-transfer state to a chromium(III) acceptor can be fully accounted for by F?rster theory, whereas the corresponding cobalt(III) adduct does not undergo an analogous reaction despite having a larger cross-section for dipolar coupling. Because this pronounced difference in reactivity is easily explained within the context of the angular momentum conservation model, this relatively simple construct may provide a means for systematizing a broad range of chemical reactions.     

GF(2n)上椭圆曲线点的快速算法

将域GF(3^n)上的椭圆曲线点的一个快速计算方法移植到域GF(2^n)上。当计算2P Q时(其中P，Q为椭圆曲线上的点)，利用这种方法节约的不仅仅是域的乘法，还有域的除法，从而大大加快了计算速度。     

Purification and Trypsin Inhibitor Activity of a Sporamin B from Sweet Potato （Ipomoea batatas Lam. 55-2）

Sporamin is a soluble protein in sweet potato, and falls into two distinct homology groups, subfamilies A and B. In this research, a sporamin B was purified and its amino acid sequences, trypsin inhibitor activity （Ti activity） were analyzed. This sporamin B was isolated from sweet potato tubers [Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam cv. 55-2] through extraction of the water-soluble fraction, dialysis, ultrafiltration and ion-exchange chromatography. Homology determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that mainly one bond appeared in gel after being reduced by SDS （sodium dodecyl sulfate）, or by SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol, or in native situation. By comparing the data of the polypeptide mass Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight （MALDI-TOF） mass spectrometry with those of the mass of the theoretical amino acid sequences from NCBI protein database, it was revealed that it was Q40091｜Q40091_IPOBA, sweet potato sporamin B - Ipomoea Batatas （sweet potato） （Batate）. The sequence coverage was 70.6%. N-terminal sequence was SETPV （Ser-Glu-Thr-Pro-Val）. There is a linear relationship between trypsin inhibitor activity （Ti activity） and amounts of this sporamin B （3-18 μg mL-1）. The equation of linear regression was y = 2.5809x ＋ 17.049 （r2 = 0.9966）. There was a curvilinear relationship between Ti activity and amounts of this sporamin B （21-150 μg mL-1）. The equation of curvilinear regression is y = 14.417ln（x） ＋ 23.26 （r2 = 0.9924）. The concentration of sporamin B with Ti activity after heating at 40°C may induce part denature of this sporamin B, and there was no statistic difference after heating at 40, 50, 60°C for 20 min. Heat treatment at more than 90°C leads to a dramatic decrease of trypsin inhibitor efficiency. The results suggested that Q40091｜Q40091_IPOBA was the major sporamin B in sweet potato tubers [Ipomoea Batatas （L.） Lam cv. 55-2], which had strong Ti activity, and was stable to both thermal and DTT （DL-dithiothreitol） relatively.     

Superconductivity-induced transfer of in-plane spectral weight in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta

Optical data are reported on a spectral weight transfer over a broad frequency range of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta, when this material became superconducting. Using spectroscopic ellipsometry, we observed the removal of a small amount of spectral weight in a broad frequency band from 10(4) cm(-1) to at least 2 x 10(4) cm(-1), due to the onset of superconductivity. We observed a blue shift of the ab-plane plasma frequency when the material became superconducting, indicating that the spectral weight was transferred to the infrared range. Our observations are in agreement with models in which superconductivity is accompanied by an increased charge carrier spectral weight. The measured spectral weight transfer is large enough to account for the condensation energy in these compounds.     

Tunable resistance of a carbon nanotube-graphite interface

The transfer of electrons from one material to another is usually described in terms of energy conservation, with no attention being paid to momentum conservation. Here we present results on the junction resistance between a carbon nanotube and a graphite substrate and show that details of momentum conservation also can change the contact resistance. By changing the angular alignment of the atomic lattices, we found that contact resistance varied by more than an order of magnitude in a controlled and reproducible fashion, indicating that momentum conservation, in addition to energy conservation, can dictate the junction resistance in graphene systems such as carbon nanotube junctions and devices.     

Replication of viral RNA: RNA synthetase from Escherichia coli infected with phage MS2 or Qb

An RNA synthetase is formed in Escherichia coli after infection with bacteriophages containing RNA. Specific annealing techniques revealed that, from the very outset of the reaction in vitro, the partially purified enzyme-template complex synthesizes parental-type plus strands, namely, MS2-RNA when isolated from cells infected with MS2 phage and Q(beta)-RNA in the case of cells infected with Q(beta) phage. This is in contrast to the situation found with Q(beta) replicase primed with Q(beta)-RNA, where the initial product is the complementary strand.     

早熟苦瓜新品种“赣优1号”、“赣优2号”的选育

赣优1号、赣优2号是分别以强雌系Q11-2、Q9-4为母本配制成的早熟杂交苦瓜新品种。赣优1号商品果绿白色,棒形,果长35cm,横径6cm,肉厚1.0cm,单果重400g,特早熟,春季栽培从定植至初收40d,每公顷产量37500kg。赣优2号商品果绿色,棒形,果长30cm,横径7cm,肉厚1.2cm,单果重500g,早熟,春、秋季均可栽培,春植从定植至初收45d,秋植从播种至初收45d,每公顷产量45000kg。     

A new look at proton transfer dynamics along the hydrogen bonds in amides and peptides

Vibrational spectroscopy with inelastic neutron scattering can provide spectra that are more detailed and easier to interpret than optical spectra. The spectral intensity depends on energy transfer and kinetic momentum transfer, allowing determination of the potential function. Experiments reveal that the proton involved in intermolecular hydrogen bonding in N-methylacetamide and polyglycine I vibrates almost independently. An ionic representation (N(delta-)...H(+)...O(delta-)) of the hydrogen bond is more realistic than the normally accepted covalent model (NH...O). For polyglycine I, the proton experiences a local, symmetric double-minimum potential arising from dynamic exchange between the amide-like (CONH) and imidol-like (HOCN) forms of the peptide unit.     

不同经营措施对毛竹林土壤呼吸温度敏感性的影响

【目的】森林经营与管理降低土壤呼吸是实现CO2减排的重要手段。全球气候变暖背景下,确定不同经营措施对毛竹林土壤呼吸温度敏感性的影响有助于揭示毛竹林地下生态过程对气候变化的响应和适应,并有助于了解毛竹林土壤呼吸对气候变化的正负反馈。【方法】以无经营毛竹纯林为对照(Ⅰ),以垦复(Ⅱ)、施用除草剂(Ⅲ)、劈草(Ⅳ)毛竹纯林为研究对象,采用壕沟法和凋落物移除法区分了各组分呼吸,利用LI-8100测定了土壤呼吸速率及5cm土壤温度,并分析了土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q10)。【结果】①土壤呼吸及组分呼吸与5cm处土壤温度呈指数相关;②土壤总呼吸Q10冬季>夏季>春季>秋季。垦复、施用除草剂、劈草均降低了土壤总呼吸温度敏感性;③根呼吸Q10夏季>冬季>春季>秋季。垦复、施用除草剂、劈草均降低了根呼吸温度敏感性;④凋落物呼吸Q10夏季>冬季>秋季>春季。垦复、施用除草剂、劈草均降低了凋落物呼吸温度敏感性;⑤矿质呼吸Q10春季>冬季>夏季>秋季。垦复增加了矿质呼吸温度敏感性,施用除草剂、劈草降低了矿质呼吸温度敏感性。【结论】相对降低土壤表面CO2通量和土壤呼吸适应未来全球气候变化而言,施用除草剂是本研究区毛竹林经营较为合理的方式。     

Excitation Gap in the Normal State of Underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta

Angle-resolved photoemission experiments reveal evidence of an energy gap in the normal state excitation spectrum of the cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. This gap exists only in underdoped samples and closes around the doping level at which the superconducting transition temperature Tc is a maximum. The momentum dependence and magnitude of the gap closely resemble those of the dx2-y2 gap observed in the superconducting state. This observation is consistent with results from several other experimental techniques, which also indicate the presence of a gap in the normal state. Some possible theoretical explanations for this effect are reviewed.     

Bottom-up determination of air-sea momentum exchange under a major tropical cyclone

As a result of increasing frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones, an accurate forecasting of cyclone evolution and ocean response is becoming even more important to reduce threats to lives and property in coastal regions. To improve predictions, accurate evaluation of the air-sea momentum exchange is required. Using current observations recorded during a major tropical cyclone, we have estimated this momentum transfer from the ocean side of the air-sea interface, and we discuss it in terms of the drag coefficient. For winds between 20 and 48 meters per second, this coefficient initially increases and peaks at winds of about 32 meters per second before decreasing.     

影响两系杂交稻结实期茎鞘贮藏碳水化合物转运的生理因素研究

选用三种类型两系杂交稻组合,研究灌浆结实期茎、鞘贮藏碳水化合物转运活性及其影响因素。结果表明：茎、鞘高含量可溶性糖是转运活跃的特征;淀粉酶活性高有利淀粉降解转运;分枝酶（ Ｑ 酶） 可能影响淀粉的降解和转运效率;蔗糖合成酶（ Ｓ Ｓ） 、蔗糖磷酸合成酶（ Ｓ Ｐ Ｓ） 对蔗糖含量和转运有影响。     

引种美国红橡的纤维形态、微纤丝角及结晶度

  目的   为引种栎木的科学利用提供理论依据。  方法   以14年生美国红橡纳塔栎Quercus nuttallii、水栎Quercus nigra、舒玛栎Quercus shumardii为对象,采用富兰克林解离法及X-射线衍射法（XRD）研究其纤维形态、微纤丝角及结晶度,并对数据进行方差分析及回归分析。  结果   3种美国红橡纤维长度分别为1 172.14、1 178.68和1 162.45 μm,纤维宽度分别为15.86、16.56和16.91 μm,种间差异均不显著（P>0.05）;双壁厚度分别为10.23、11.19和10.96 μm,壁腔比分别为1.85、2.10和1.91,种间差异均显著（P < 0.05）;3种美国红橡的微纤丝角分别为33.79°、30.48°和34.10°,结晶度分别为51.35%、53.30%和52.97%,种间均具有极显著差异（P < 0.01）。3种美国红橡纤维长度、宽度、双壁厚、壁腔比以及结晶度均随生长轮的增加呈增长趋势,微纤丝角随生长轮的增加呈下降趋势,并且年轮间存在着一定的波动。  结论   14年生纳塔栎、水栎和舒玛栎纤维尺寸、微纤丝角、结晶度径向变化尚未稳定,仍处于幼龄期。纤维长度、宽度、双壁厚及微纤丝角与生长轮有较好的拟合关系。     

CO2浓度升高与补充灌溉对中国半干旱地区春小麦田间生态系统边缘效应的影响研究

试验研究表明,在春小麦全生育期进行补充灌溉和升高CO2浓度能够有效提高田间生态系统边缘效应。与没有CO2浓度升高比较,当CO2浓度升高40~160μmol/mol时,春小麦田间生态系统边缘效应的面积增加1.8~3.6 m2。在春小麦全生育期补充灌溉60 mm与补充灌溉30 mm比较,田间生态系统边缘效应有显著变化。特别是将CO2浓度升高与补充灌溉进行组合,较没有CO2浓度升高与补充灌溉比较,春小麦田间生态系统边缘效应面积提高了300%~500%。同时研究还表明,在春小麦全生育期CO2浓度升高与补充灌溉可以显著提高春小麦田间生态系统边缘效应系数。CO2浓度升高与补充灌溉进行组合较没有CO2浓度升高与补充灌溉比较,边缘效应系数提高4.0~6.7。因此,CO2浓度升高与补充灌溉组合对提高春小麦边缘效应有显著作用。     

Wet electrons at the H2O/TiO2(110) surface

At interfaces of metal oxide and water, partially hydrated or "wet-electron" states represent the lowest energy pathway for electron transfer. We studied the photoinduced electron transfer at the H2O/TiO2(110) interface by means of time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy and electronic structure theory. At approximately 1-monolayer coverage of water on partially hydroxylated TiO2 surfaces, we found an unoccupied electronic state 2.4 electron volts above the Fermi level. Density functional theory shows this to be a wet-electron state analogous to that reported in water clusters and which is distinct from hydrated electrons observed on water-covered metal surfaces. The decay of electrons from the wet-electron state to the conduction band of TiO2 occurs in 相似文献   

大麦条锈菌菌株 Q1、 Q2致病性初步分析

选用已获得的2个大麦条锈菌菌株 Q1、 Q2,分别在小麦已知基因系、部分小麦和大麦生产品种上进行了苗期致病性测定.结果表明,大麦条锈病菌株 Q1、 Q2为小麦专化型, Q1较 Q2具有更强的致病性和更宽的毒性范围.Q1、 Q2分别对46个小麦生产品种及抗源品种中的32个和29个有致病作用,仅对极少数大麦品种有致病作用,致病特点与小麦条锈菌新菌系贵22-9完全一致     

延边农地流转影响因素及农户意愿的调查研究——以图们市Y镇的M村和Q村为例

以延边朝鲜族自治州图们市Y镇的M村和Q村为调查对象,以农地转出农户和转入农户、自作农户等3种立场不同农户的访问调查资料为基础,分析他们的农地流转现状,进而比较3种立场不同农户对农地流转的意识和意愿。     

Nodal quasiparticles and antinodal charge ordering in Ca2-xNaxCuO2Cl2

Understanding the role of competing states in the cuprates is essential for developing a theory for high-temperature superconductivity. We report angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments which probe the 4a0 x 4a0 charge-ordered state discovered by scanning tunneling microscopy in the lightly doped cuprate superconductor Ca2-xNaxCuO2Cl2. Our measurements reveal a marked dichotomy between the real- and momentum-space probes, for which charge ordering is emphasized in the tunneling measurements and photoemission is most sensitive to excitations near the node of the d-wave superconducting gap. These results emphasize the importance of momentum anisotropy in determining the complex electronic properties of the cuprates and places strong constraints on theoretical models of the charge-ordered state.     

太行山南麓栓皮栎林生物量和材积关系的探讨

[目的]为太行山地区以重量为计测单位的森林测计提供基础,方便该地区森林资源的清查。[方法]根据太行山南麓栓皮栎林的样方调查数据和生物量实测资料,通过回归分析,考察栓皮栎各器官生物量(W)与胸径(D)和树高(H)之间的关系。并探讨栓皮栎材积与生物量间的关系,建立用材积推算栓皮栎各组分生物量的回归模型。[结果]栓皮栎各器官生物量(W)与胸径(D)和树高(H)之间存在显著的线性相关关系,即:Ws=0.932 6D0.590 9(r=0.879 6);Wb=0.099 58D0.048 9(r=0.970 2);Wl=0.011 3(D2H)0.718 2(r=0.982 1);Wr=0.538 1(D2H)0.299 6(r=0.945 6)。栓皮栎可通过以下方程来进行材积和生物量间的换算:Ws=-62.280 2+30.640 9V(r=0.912 8);Wb=-35.678 3+15.41V(r=0.966 8);Wl=0.097 4e15.909 4V(r=0.928 7);Wr=9.531e2.087 6V(r=0.970 1)。[结论]此回归模型的建立方便了该地区森林资源的清查,有着使用简便、省时省力、实用性强、高精度等特点。     

不同质地土壤钾肥分布规律研究

研究表明，不同质地的土壤，施钾后钾的分布规律不一样，土壤保持钾的能力，在低施钾时〔＜６００ｍｇ／ｋｇ（以每公斤土含Ｋ２Ｏ量表示，下同）〕，容量因素（△Ｑ）是：△Ｑ壤＞△Ｑ粘＞△Ｑ砂，中量施钾时（６００～８００ｍｇ／ｋｇ），△Ｑ壤＝△Ｑ粘＞△Ｑ砂，在高施钾时（＞８００ｍｇ／ｋｇ），△Ｑ粘＞△Ｑ壤＞△Ｑ砂。钾缓冲因素变化规律与容量因素一致。施钾在土壤液相和固相的分布规律符合Ｙ＝Ｃ－ａｂｘ方程。建议一次施钾量的最佳点应是△Ｂ≈２．０，砂、壤、粘分别为１５０、３９０和３６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ