日喀则市马铃薯新品种引种比较试验

针对西藏马铃薯品种单一、退化严重的现状,以‘艾玛土豆’为对照,在西藏日喀则市对引进的13个马铃薯新品种(系)以及1份日喀则市农业科学研究所自主选育的品系进行品种比较试验。结果表明,各品种性状表现丰富,‘200905’、‘中薯18号’较当地对照增产明显,薯块经济性状较优,适宜在日喀则市推广种植,彩色马铃薯‘D613’产量高于‘黑美人’和‘黑金刚’。     

5个淮山新品种在海南幼龄橡胶林下的间作表现

为解决海南热区淮山种性退化、品种单一、不能周年上市等问题,引进‘桂淮2号’、‘桂淮5号’、‘桂淮6号’、‘桂淮7号’和‘黑美人’共5个品种,以海南当地品种‘云选1号’作为对照,采用橡胶/淮山间作模式进行试种试验,利用双因素裂区试验法,观察各品种植物学性状,收获后测定块茎产量与商品率。结果表明：5个品种植物学性状与广西没有差异;与当地品种‘云选1号’相比,‘黑美人’产量最高（54.6 t/hm ²）,其次是‘桂淮7号’,‘桂淮5号’最低;‘黑美人’生长周期最短,成熟最早;‘桂淮2号’生长周期最长,成熟最晚。‘桂淮2号’可作为晚熟品种进行推广种植;‘桂淮5号’和‘桂淮6号’可作为中晚熟品种进行推广种植;‘黑美人’、‘桂淮7号’可作为早熟品种推广。     

马铃薯杂种后代无性系性状的评价

西藏马铃薯种质资源丰富,但主栽品种较少,专用品种匮乏。利用西藏当地马铃薯品种做亲本配置组合,进行马铃薯杂种后代无性系性状评价,为选育适合西藏当地生态环境的马铃薯专用品种提供参考。被测无性系17个,以当地品种‘艾玛土豆’和油炸品种‘大西洋’为对照,进行植株性状、产量性状、品质性状及炸条级别的评价。试验结果表明,‘XZ07-1’产量与商品薯重均达最高,适合鲜薯食用;‘XZ25-1’淀粉含量最高18.59%,薯肉为白色,适合淀粉加工;‘XZ14-1’产量与商品薯率高,还原糖含量低于对照‘大西洋’,炸条级别为1级,适合油炸或全粉加工。另有9个无性系部分性状表现较好,可进一步评价,并对其优良特性在育种中加以利用。因此,利用西藏当地马铃薯品种资源可选育适合西藏当地生态环境的马铃薯专用新品种。     

半干旱区马铃薯品种性状比较试验

为筛选出适合甘肃中部半干旱区种植的高产抗逆性强的马铃薯品种,通过田间试验,对新引进的6个马铃薯品种在甘肃会宁半干旱区进行品种比较试验。结果表明,脱毒薯‘青薯168’、‘庄薯3号’和‘黑蛋’产量较当地大面积种植常规品种‘青薯168’(CK)增产32.19%以上,产量差异极显著,且综合农艺性状好,可做为甘肃中部半干旱地区大面积推广品种。     

雾培马铃薯不同品种生长及微型薯产量比较

雾培法生产马铃薯脱毒微型薯是一项新型的无土栽培技术。甘肃省马铃薯微型薯雾培法生产中存在品种数量较少、多样性程度较低的问题,阻碍当地马铃薯产业化发展。为筛选出适宜雾培法生产微型薯的马铃薯新品种,促进甘肃省马铃薯产业的发展,选用4个马铃薯品种,以当地雾培主栽品种‘庄薯3号’为对照,采用马铃薯微型薯雾培法进行品种比较试验,对不同马铃薯品种的形态指标、生理指标及微型薯产量进行比较研究。结果表明,不同品种在株高、茎粗、根长、叶面积、叶绿素SPAD值、匍匐茎数量和微型薯产量方面存在差异。从单株结薯数来看,‘庄薯3号’(CK)微型薯产量最高,‘庄薯4号’和‘天薯11号’次之,‘陇薯10号’和‘冀张薯8号’产量最低。通过比较研究,‘庄薯4号’和‘天薯11号’品种生长性状好、微型薯产量高,适合雾培繁育微型薯。     

陕北地区马铃薯品种比较试验

陕北地区马铃薯品种结构单一、退化严重、病虫害滋生,严重制约着当地马铃薯产业的快速发展,急需筛选出适宜当地气候与栽培模式的高产、优质、抗病新品种。2015～2016年,在陕北榆林、延安开展了5个品种7点次的品种比较试验,以当地主栽品种‘克新1号’为对照,对各参试品种的生育期、形态特征、块茎性状、经济性状及产量方面进行分析比较。结果表明,2015和2016年,7个试验点平均产量均与对照品种‘克新1号’达到极显著差异的品种为‘青薯9号’、‘陇薯7号’、‘陇薯13号’,2年分别较对照品种‘克新1号’增产43.19%、21.65%、28.45%和49.51%、21.88%、11.40%;经济性状方面,‘陇薯7号’、‘青薯9号’和‘陇薯13号’商品薯率分别为76.28%、75.11%和74.98%,略低于对照品种(78.53%),干物质含量分别为20.68%,20.05%和19.41%,高于对照品种(14.90%)。因此,这3个品种适宜在陕北地区大面积推广种植。     

昌黎县两膜种植马铃薯品种比较试验

为了促进河北省二季作区优势产区秦皇岛市昌黎县马铃薯两膜种植高效发展,于2020和2021年在昌黎县进行了两膜种植下马铃薯品种比较试验。以当地主栽品种‘中薯5号’为对照,对9个马铃薯品种的物候期、块茎性状、主要生物学性状以及经济性状进行综合评价。结果表明,‘希森6号’为适宜昌黎县两膜覆盖种植的马铃薯品种,其生育期符合当地栽培周期,薯块性状、生长情况及产量等综合性状表现较好,较抗早疫病和疮痂病,产量优于对照品种‘中薯5号’,两年产量分别为57 456和56 952 kg/hm~2,增产率分别为30.66%和15.47%。该品种可作为适宜两膜种植品种在昌黎县进行推广示范。     

半干旱区马铃薯品种抗病性和产量田间试验

为加快抗病性新品种更新换代步伐,通过对引进的5个马铃薯品种及当地对照品种‘新大坪’进行生物学特性、适应性、抗病性和丰产性等综合农艺性状的比较试验,筛选适宜安定区种植的马铃薯抗病新品种。结果表明,‘青薯9号’对马铃薯早疫病及晚疫病的抗病性均表现最好,田间长势表现好,且产量最高(31 432 kg/hm2),适宜在半干旱区大面积推广种植。     

张掖市淀粉加工型马铃薯品种比较试验

通过对8个马铃薯品种进行生物学特性、适应性、丰产性和商品性的比较试验,以期筛选出适宜于张掖市种植的优质淀粉加工型马铃薯品种。结果表明：8个参试品种的生育期在104-141 d,均在当地无霜期之内,能够正常收获。‘青薯9号’和‘青薯2号’产量表现较好,块茎产量分别较‘大西洋’（CK）增产57.2%和38.8%;淀粉产量分别较对照增加2091 kg/hm2和1615 kg/hm2。经试验初步筛选出‘青薯9号’和‘青薯2号’可作为该地区淀粉加工型马铃薯品种推广。     

张掖市淀粉加工型马铃薯品种比较试验

通过对8个马铃薯品种进行生物学特性、适应性、丰产性和商品性的比较试验,以期筛选出适宜于张掖市种植的优质淀粉加工型马铃薯品种。结果表明:8个参试品种的生育期在104~141 d,均在当地无霜期之内,能够正常收获。‘青薯9号’和‘青薯2号’产量表现较好,块茎产量分别较‘大西洋’(CK)增产57.2%和38.8%;淀粉产量分别较对照增加2 091 kg/hm2和1 615 kg/hm2。经试验初步筛选出‘青薯9号’和‘青薯2号’可作为该地区淀粉加工型马铃薯品种推广。     

黑色马铃薯高产栽培技术研究

试验以黑色马铃薯品种黑美人为材料,研究了不同密度、覆盖方式、基肥及追肥条件下黑色马铃薯高产栽培技术。结果表明:黑美人品种的种植密度每667 m2控制在3 500株左右比较适宜;采用地膜覆盖可使齐苗期和成熟期相对提早,比对照分别提早7 d和8 d,鲜薯产量每667 m2比覆土露天栽培增产143.8 kg,增幅9.5%;基肥每667 m2施用人畜粪肥3 000 kg+草木灰100 kg,追施钾肥以现蕾初期追加增产效果最佳。     

不同茶树品种制作美人茶的品质评价

茶树品种对美人茶品质形成具有重要的影响。市场上,制作美人茶的常见品种有青心大冇、金萱、毛蟹、铁观音、金观音、黄观音、金牡丹、梅占等。为凝练福建省美人茶品质特征、调查美人茶的品种适制性,以从福建省主产区大田采集来的20份美人茶样品（8个品种）为供试材料,进行美人茶感官品质分析、主要生化成分测定和香气成分检测。结果表明：青心大冇（94.10分）、金萱（93.96分）、金观音（93.90分）、金牡丹（93.63分）感官审评的分值较高,其滋味甜醇、醇厚或醇爽,香气呈蜜香或花蜜香。生化成分测定显示,青心大冇可溶性糖（2.48%）、游离氨基酸（0.33 mg/g）、茶黄素（0.12%）、茶红素（0.72%）、茶褐素（1.24%）含量相对较高,均排在前三位。在感官审评结果的基础上,从以上样品中筛选出品质较好、不同品种加工的7个美人茶样品进行香气成分的测定,共测得31种香气成分,包括醛类化合物3种,醇类化合物7种,酮类化合物2种,酯类化合物5种,萜烯类化合物7种,烷烃类化合物3种,其他化合物4种,这些香气成分共同组成美人茶独特的香气特征。其中,青心大冇美人茶所检测到的香气成分最多（25种）,且香气成分总含量（430.43 ng/g）最高,与其他品种的美人茶相比,1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-1,3-环己二烯（4.21 ng/g）、柠檬醛（7.01 ng/g）、苯甲醛（18.24 ng/g）、3,7-二甲基-1,5,7-辛三烯-3-醇（150.23 ng/g）、β-罗勒烯（5.47 ng/g）含量最高,芳樟醇（30.60 ng/g）、水杨酸甲酯（15.02 ng/g）、香叶醇（66.69 ng/g）、苯乙醇（8.52 ng/g）含量均排在前三位。综合感官审评结果、生化成分分析和香气成分分析,青心大冇品种制作的美人茶品质最佳。该结果对生产实践中美人茶适制品种的选择具有指导意义。     

Hosts of potato spindle tuber virus in suborder Solanineae

Additional hosts for potato spindle tuber virus (PSTV) found in the suborder Solanineae are:Nolana sp. (Nolanaceae);Antirrhinum sp.,Diascia barberae, Nemesia sp., N. foetens, Penstemon sp. (Scrophulariacceae); andBrowallia speciosa (B. major) andSolanum melongena in the Solanaceae. PSTV produced no local lesions upon inoculation of these hosts. Inoculated plants ofS. melongena (eggplant, ‘Black Beauty’) were dwarfed and epinastic. These rarely used genera in the Solanineae can be readily infected with the virus; leaf and floral parts are profuse and the tissues, upon grinding, leave very little residue.     

Effect of inoculum dose and preparation,strain variation,and plant growth conditions on the eggplant assay for bacterial ring rot

Quantitative differences among strains ofCorynebacterium sepedonicum (Spieck. and Kotth.) Skapt. and Burkh. (=Clavibacter michiganense subsp.sepedonicum) were distinguished in eggplant (Solanum melongena L. ‘Black Beauty’) bioassays with a simple leaf axil inoculation technique. Latent period of infection (time from inoculation to first appearance of symptoms) varied inversely with inoculum dose. Latent period of infection varied significantly among strains ofC. sepedonicum. Symptoms developed more rapidly in plants grown under controlled conditions in a growth chamber than those grown in a greenhouse. Plants treated with inoculum prepared from broth cultures exhibited symptoms more rapidly than those treated with inoculum grown on agar.     

Verticillium albo-atrum carried by certified seed potatoes into Washington and control by chemicals

Fifty-one percent of 110 lots of certified seed potatoes from 10 states and Canada sampled in 1968 and 30% of 134 lots from nine states and Canada sampled in 1969 were infected withVerticillium albo-atrum. Fortyone percent of the 1968 lots and 13% of the 1969 lots carried soil infested with the fungus on tuber surfaces. The dark mycelial type ofV. albo-atrum was found infecting tubers more often than the microsclerotial type, however, high propapgule populations of the microsclerotial type were present on tuber surfaces in the soil of infested lots. Over 24% of the isolates ofV. albo-atrum infecting and infesting tubers from lots of seed potatoes were pathogenic to eggplant var. Black Beauty. Captan^®, household bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite), Polyram^®, Orthocide^®, and Semesan Bel^®, were effective in preventing germination of the fungus in small amounts of soil such as might be carried by infested tubers. Liquid treatments were more effective than dusts.     

Alaska red: A general purpose,productive, red-skinned potato

‘Alaska Red’ is the first red-skinned potato bred and selected in Alaska as a clone suitable for the fresh potato market. Its parents are Alaska Clone 11-57-1-59 and ‘Red Beauty’. It is a high yielding, medium specific gravity potato with uniform skin and eye basin color, shallow eyes, uniform oval-to-flattened shape and is very attractive. The flesh is snowy white and remains white after boiling. Alaska Red keeps well in storage at 38°F (3.3°C). Scab of the tubers is the only disease that has been observed. In this subarctic region, flowers abort in the early bud stage. Red-skinned potato varieties available to Alaskan growers for the past quarter century have been unsatisfactory due to one or more of the following characteristics: low dry matter content, poor yield, uneven skin pigmentation and internal or external tuber cracking. Although consumers buy far less red than white-skinned potatoes, the demand brings Florida “reds” to Alaska as well as “reds” from other regions so that there is a year round outlet. Imported “reds” never approach the high quality of Alaskan grown “reds”. During the screening of seedlings, ‘Red Beauty’ was selected as a parental line because of its excellent conformation, skin color and eye arrangement. Low yield and shatter cracking made it unsuitable for commercial production. Alaska Red is a selection from seedlings of the cross Ak. 11-57-1-59 and Red Beauty made in 1965 and is the first red-skinned potato released from Alaska’s potato breeding. It was first evaluated by potato growers in 1972 and released in 1976 by the Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Box AE, Palmer, Alaska 99645.     

不同能氮水平的日粮对生长期海南黑山羊采食量和营养物质消化代谢的影响

选用12只海南黑山羊断奶羔羊(约4月龄)分成4组,采用4×4拉丁方设计。按照Keral(1982)适宜于发展中国家的山羊饲养标准为参考设计了高能高氮、低能高氮、高能低氮、低能低氮4种能氮比的日粮,探讨不同能氮水平的日粮对生长期海南黑山羊采食量和营养物质消化代谢的影响。结果表明,不同能氮水平日粮对生长期海南黑山羊营养物质的采食量和消化率都有显著的影响,有的甚至达到极显著水平。     

Nonpathogenic bacteria associated with potato stems cross-react withCorynebacterium sepedonicum antisera in immunofluorescence

Forty-three and 16% of stem smears from ostensibly healthy potato plants tested in 1980 and 1981, respectively, by immunofluorescence usingCorynebacterium sepedonicum antisera, had fluorescing bacterial cells. Eight different bacteria that cross-reacted withC. sepedonicum antisera in immunofluorescence were isolated from stems. Four of these bacteria were Gram negative, three were Gram positive, and one was Gram variable. All bacteria differed fromC. sepedonicum in morphological and biochemical characteristics except the Gram variable bacteria which were morphologically similar toC. sepedonicum at some growth stages. None of the cross-reacting bacteria was pathogenic on eggplant (Solanum melongena L. cv. Black Beauty). Three of the bacteria also formed precipitin bands in double diffusion withC. sepedonicum antiserum. Adsorption of antiserum with any one of the cross-reacting bacteria did not prevent immunofluorescence staining of all the isolated strains. Due to the cross-reactions, reliability of immunofluorescence for detection of latent bacterial ring rot infection was limited     

吉林省第七届优质水稻品种鉴评报告

吉林省第七届优质水稻品种鉴评会共计评选出优质水稻品种5个,在外观品质、食味品质两方面均表现优良。其中1个品种在综合评分高于对照品种"秋田小町"。本次鉴评会以吉林省地方标准《优质食用稻米品种鉴评方法》为鉴评依据,能够更加科学的评价吉林省优质稻米品种(系)的品质水平,并为吉林省优质水稻品种评选提供理论依据。     

甜菜多倍体新品种协作二号的选育

协作二号是采用生理育种方法,通过系统的生理选择、组合、鉴定、品比、区试和生产示范育成的丰产、高糖、品质好、抗逆性强、适应性较广的多倍体新品种。该品种在块根产量、含糖率以及光合性能、物质代谢、呼吸代谢方面都具有明显的超亲优势,是一个特殊配合力强的杂交组合;在过氧化物酶同功酶含量和蔗糖合成酶活性上具有平均优势。其生产性能优于当地推广种,具有较强的超标优势。并在一定范围内解决了根重与含糖率的负相关矛盾,为甜菜生理育种开辟了新途径。