郑薯5号和费乌瑞它试管苗培育、快繁及试管薯诱导培养基的筛选

用不同配方的培养基对马铃薯试管苗培育、繁殖和试管诱导进行了研究,结果表明,马铃薯茎尖分化培养基为MS+6 BA0.5+NAA0.1,分化成苗率达46％;切段快繁培养基为1／2 MS,根多苗壮;试管薯诱导培养基为MS+6 BA0.5+NAA0.2,诱导结薯株率达80％以上。     

马铃薯试管薯诱导培养基6-苄基腺嘌呤与蔗糖浓度的筛选

试管薯的诱导在马铃薯种薯繁殖体系中起重要作用。试验以早熟鲜食品种早大白为材料,研究诱导培养基中6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)浓度和蔗糖浓度对试管薯数和试管薯重的影响。结果表明:MS的液体培养基+活性炭浓度0.15%+6-BA浓度2 mg/kg+蔗糖浓度8%的效果最好,应用该诱导培养基提高马铃薯早大白的单株结薯数。     

马铃薯脱毒试管薯工厂化生产技术及应用研究

研究明确了2倍MS培养基培育健壮母株是提高试管薯的结薯率和单薯重的基础。不同激素与配比对试管薯诱导的效果有很大差异,明确了BA是诱导试管薯的重要激素之一。利用试管薯繁殖原原种较试管苗直接移栽,显著提高了单株块茎数和产量。试验结果证明,直接利用试管薯有利于工厂化生产和原原种的繁殖。     

马铃薯组培中不同因素对诱导试管薯的影响

以马铃薯米拉、威芋3号脱毒试管苗为材料进行试管薯诱导因素研究。结果表明:散射光与适当低温(17±1℃)条件对米拉试管薯形成、结薯数量与平均鲜重均有极显著的促进作用;米拉基部节段较顶芽培养的试管苗有利于试管薯的形成和膨大;培养基(MS+8%白糖)中同时添加5 mg.L-1 6-BA与250 mg.L-1 CCC能显著增加威芋3号试管薯结薯数量与鲜薯产量,而单独添加5 mg.L-1 6-BA或KT虽能显著提高试管薯的大薯率,但平均结薯数量却显著降低,而不添加任何激素的培养基,对威芋3号试管薯的诱导效果较差。     

不同培养条件对马铃薯试管薯形成的影响

对影响马铃薯试管薯形成的培养基类型、培养容器及外植体接种密度进行了研究,结果表明:液体培养基比固体培养基更有利于试管薯的诱导产生,产生的试管薯各项指标均优于固体培养基;250mL广口瓶培养产生的试管薯鲜薯重与100mL和150mL三角瓶培养容器之间的差异均达到了极显著水平;每瓶接种10～15个外植体既能获得数量较多的试管薯,且试管薯的质量也较高。     

用组培法诱导试管微型薯的研究

用各种不同培养基对马铃薯四倍体、双单倍体栽培种及有结薯习性的野生种进行了试管微型薯诱导。在其它条件不变时,用食用白糖替代蔗糖可以获得同样的诱导效果,能大大降低成本。液体培养较固体培养效果好。BAP 的诱导效果随基因型不同而异,但并不一定是必需的。香兰素补加到液体培养基中对提高诱导效果有一定作用。试验表明用 MS 加10%食用白糖或 MS 加10%白糖再补加一定浓度香兰素的液体培养基,在黑暗条件下室温于20～28℃培养是高效率生产试管微型薯较好的方法。     

马铃薯试管薯发育机理的研究──外源诱导剂对试管薯形成的影响

以“中薯３号”脱毒试管苗为材料，研究了外源诱导剂在试管薯发生、发育过程中的作用及必要性．结果表明：在含有８％食用白糖的ＭＳ培养基上，没有任何外源诱导剂参与，全黑暗培养条件下，可诱导试管薯的形成，但结薯晚、产量低，块茎小．为提高试管薯产量和质量，缩短生产周期，外源诱导剂是必要的。ＢＡ能显著促进试管薯的形成和发育．ＣＣＣ可促进块茎的发生，不利于块茎的膨大，两者同时使用，起相反的作用，不利于试管薯发生发育。     

马铃薯茎尖试管苗及微型试管薯繁育的影响因子研究

以广东省引种的荷兰马铃薯费乌瑞它(Favorita)品种为材料,研究了从茎尖脱毒分化到试管微型薯诱导过程中的一些影响因素。结果表明:MS+NAA0.10mg·L-1+6-BA1.0mg·L-1为诱导愈伤组织的合适培养基;愈伤组织分化培养时,GA3的最适浓度为0.1～0.2mg·L-1;壮苗阶段,液体基本培养基MS加矮壮素CCC1.0～1.5mg·L-1的效果较好;弱光照比连续强光照更有利于结薯,弱光处理40d后黑暗处理一周,结薯诱导培养的时间为50d左右,0.1%的活性炭对诱导结薯有重要的促进作用。     

试管薯诱导期温度对‘宁薯14号’结薯率的效果

为探明试管薯诱导期温度对试管薯结薯率的影响效果,以马铃薯品种‘宁薯14号’为试验材料,在试管薯诱导期,研究了温度(13±1)℃、(15±1)℃、(17±1)℃、(19±1)℃和(21±1)℃对‘宁薯14号’结薯率的影响。结果表明,试管薯诱导期低温处理有利于促进试管薯结薯形成、缩短试管薯结薯时间,提高试管薯结薯率和单薯重。在全黑暗条件下,‘宁薯14号’在MS固体基本培养基+白糖(100 g/L)+6-BA(0.25 mg/L)+CCC(0.5 ml/L)培养基上,诱导期温度(17±1)℃,试管薯结薯效果最好,结薯率为100.0%,大中薯率为83.78%,单薯重57.0 mg。     

‘陇薯3号’和‘陇薯7号’试管结薯关键条件优化

应用不同光照、温度、培养基等条件诱导‘陇薯3号’和‘陇薯7号’试管结薯,结果表明,自然光照室温培养、自然光照室温培养7 d转黑暗恒温培养以及黑暗恒温培养条件均能诱导2个品种结薯。自然光照室温条件下,‘陇薯7号’试管薯单瓶薯数、单瓶薯重及大薯数均极显著高于其他培养条件(P0.01)。与"固体+液体"、"固体"培养基相比,"液体+液体"培养基结薯时间早,数量多,大薯率高。     

马铃薯种质资源保存试验

通过低温保存,添加渗透调节剂及生长抑制剂和微型薯诱导的方法,对马铃薯种质资源试管苗的保存效果进行了研究。结果表明,使用低温(4℃)保存和在MS培养基基础上添加浓度为50mg·L-1的生长抑制剂比久(B)9,可以使试管苗保存时间长达8～10个月,且苗茎叶健壮,有试管薯形成,保存效果较好;MS基础上添加浓度为0.01%～0.1%渗透调节剂甘露醇也能达到较好的保存效果;通过微型薯诱导保存得到试管薯的诱导率为15%～80%,但保存后期易造成试管苗死亡。     

马铃薯试管薯的诱导和应用

试管薯与试管苗一样是马铃薯脱毒原原种薯生产的基础。研究从诱导试管薯形成的最佳接种密度、利用试管薯生产脱毒种薯和保存种质资源的优越性3个方面进行。结果表明,进行试管薯诱导时每瓶接种10个茎切段能获得较多数量和较高质量的试管薯。利用试管薯生产脱毒种薯,可以提高脱毒苗的成活率,保证了脱毒薯的产量和质量,是比较优良的生产方式。运用试管薯保存种质资源,可以减少转接次数,降低病毒病的累加机率,提高了苗源质量,是一种较为实用和保存时间长的方法。     

离体培养条件下植物生长物质对马铃薯块茎形成的影响

在全黑暗诱导结薯培养条件下,培养基（MS＋8．0％蔗糖）中添加5．0BA、5．0B9、500CCC或5．0BA＋500CCC（mg／L）对诱导马铃薯（cv．Mira）试管苗或其茎段结薯所需的时间,结薯率和结薯数量没有促进作用;它们虽能略微提高试管薯的平均鲜重,但与对照比较,此影响未达到显著水平（LSD0.05）。在16h／d光周期或8h／d光周期加暗期光间断诱导结薯培养条件下,无论培养基中蔗糖含量为2．0％或8．0％,外源添加2．0NAA、2．0ABA、5．0BA、5．0B9、500CCC或5．0BA＋500CCC（mg／L）等植物生长物质均不能诱导试管苗茎段结薯（cv．I－1085）。由此表明,离体培养条件下,外源添加上述植物生长物质不是诱导马铃薯块茎形成的必需因子。对此试验结果作了比较详细的讨论。     

GA_3、IAA和C/N对马铃薯试管匍匐茎及试管薯形成的影响

以马铃薯栽培品种中薯３号、大西洋、米拉脱毒试管苗为材料,着重研究了离体条件下,外源激素、培养基Ｃ／Ｎ对匍匐茎发生及试管薯形成的影响。结果表明：①ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ对诱导匍匐茎发生有明显的作用,处理时间和处理浓度的不同,对试管薯形成有不同的影响,以ＧＡ３０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ诱导匍匐茎发生６～９ｄ,再转入结薯培养基培养,单株结薯量最大。②不同Ｃ／Ｎ处理匍匐茎发生数量不同,Ｃ／Ｎ值与成薯指数呈三次抛物线形式变化,Ｃ／Ｎ＝１７．６６９时,成薯指数最大。     

Assessment of Possibilities of Microtuber and in vitro Plantlet Seed Multiplication in Field Conditions. Part 1: PVY,PVM and PLRV Spreading

Currently in vitro plantlets and microtubers provide the basis for pre-base production of potato seeds, from which minitubers are produced under covers – they serve later as seed material to be planted in the field. The aim of the research was to determine the possibility for multiplication of material produced in vitro directly in field conditions. The research assessed PVY, PVM and PLRV infection of potato tubers derived from plants grown directly from in vitro plantlets, microtubers, minitubers and traditional seed potatoes planted in the field at different times. Moreover, testing in laboratory conditions, the susceptibility of these plants to virus infection was determined for the case of artificial inoculation of Myzus persicae and Aphis nasturtii. It was found that the infection of tubers derived from in vitro plantlets and microtubers was greater than that of seed potatoes and minitubers. Yet it seems that the reason for their higher infection level resulted not from the plant’s sensitivity or its greater attractiveness to aphids but from a largely unknown cause. Earlier planting of microtubers and in vitro plantlets in the field in case of the more resistant cultivar and certainly later in relation to the main time of planting had an impact on limiting the PVY and PVM infection of potato tubers. Hence multiplication of microtubers and in vitro plantlets in field conditions could be very economical using cultivars which are relatively resistant to viruses. However, adopting a later than usual planting period (end of June) and applying an additional protective cover (such as non-woven agricultural fabric) in the first period of a plant’s growth, promotes multiplication of microtubers and in vitro plantlets in field conditions for cultivars with low resistance levels.     

马铃薯试管苗“藕式”快速繁殖方法研究

传统的马铃薯脱毒苗切繁方法是将带有一个叶片的单茎节切段接种于培养基中培养成苗,本研究以马铃薯品种大西洋、无花的试管苗为材料,用剪去根部和顶芽的多茎节切段,接种于含有不同激素及配比的培养基中培养。结果表明,MS培养基附加1.0mg/L BA和1.0 mg/L的NAA,可使得每个腋芽萌发并快速生根、成苗,按照此程序继续进行继代扩繁,我们称之为"藕式"快速繁殖方法。该方法大大降低了成本,提高了效率。     

马铃薯种质离体保存技术

以马铃薯‘晋薯16号’为试验材料,以节间作为外植体,进行了种质资源缓慢生长保存研究。结果表明,以MS+IAA 0.5 mg/L+KT 0.1 mg/L为基本培养基,通过调节蔗糖浓度进行马铃薯种质离体保存,在常温条件下最佳蔗糖浓度为90 g/L;以MS+蔗糖30 g/L+IAA 0.5 mg/L+KT 0.1 mg/L为基本培养基,通过调节多效唑(PP33)3浓度进行马铃薯种质离体保存,在常温条件下最佳PP333浓度为1.0 mg/L,在低温4℃条件下最佳PP333浓度为0.5 mg/L。离体保存后的试管苗转入继代培养基中进行恢复培养,其生长情况与正常继代苗无显著差异。     

橡胶树品种云研77-2茎芽诱导体系优化及移栽管理

采用正交设计方法,研究橡胶树品种云研77-2茎段快繁试验中NAA、KT、6-BA 3种激素对茎芽诱导的影响.结果表明,培养基中添加6-BA对茎芽诱导起主导性的作用.橡胶树云研77-2茎芽诱导最适培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+0～0.5 mg/L KT.诱导生根试验中,培养基为1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L IBA的生根率可达66.7%.叶片剪去1/2的自根无性系进行移栽的植株平均成活率为43.6%.     

Effect of leaves on microtubers produced from potato single-node cuttingsIn Vitro

Microtubers are used to propagate, to store, and to transport potato clones. Culturing single-node explants from potato plantletsin vitro without subtending leaves was reported to result in plantlets with lower vigor and a higher coefficient of variation. The effect on microtuber productionin vitro of leaf area and the presence or absence of leaves on potato single-node cuttings was investigated as an extension of the above study. Stock plantlets of potato cvs Atlantic, Kennebec, Russet Burbank, and Shepody were cultured under a 16-h photoperiod. Single-node cuttings were excised and grown in a high-sucrose tuberization medium in darkness. Leaf area did not affect the frequency, size, or weight of microtubers of cvs Katahdin and Russet Burbank. The absence of leaves reduced microtuber diameter for Russet Burbank; whereas Atlantic, Kennebec, and Shepody were unaffected. Mean fresh weight of microtubers was reduced when leaves were removed for all cvs except Atlantic. No effect of the removal of the leaf was observed for mean dry weights of microtubers from all cvs, although microtubers from single-node cuttings without leaves accumulated significantly more percent dry matter than those with leaves. Rapid multiplication facilities may therefore wish to consider conserving resources such as media, vessels, and growth room space by culturing explants without leaves for the production of microtubers.     

Use of jasmonate for conditioning of potato plantlets and microtubers in greenhouse production of minitubers

A two-year study was conducted to determine the effects of (1) jasmonic acid (JA) pre-treatment, (2) JA supplement in culture media, (3) cultivar (Amisk, Atlantic, Russet Burbank, Shepody, and Umatilla Russet), (4) light (0 h, 8 h), and (5) dormancy breaking treatment (Rindite, gibberellic acid) on greenhouse production of minitubers from microtubers andin vitro plantlets. The microtubers were produced under short day (8 h) light conditions and in darkness, from stock plantlets pre-treated with JA and untreated, and on tuberization media with or without JA.In vitro plantlets (the industry choice in nuclear seed potato production) of all five cultivars performed well, meeting the standard criteria for greenhouse production of minitubers. Production of minitubers from microtuber-derived plants of cvs Amisk, Russet Burbank, and Umatilla Russet was similar to that of plantlet-derived plants with regard to number of minitubers. Yields (weight), however, were lower than those from plantlets. Microtuber responses to JA varied with cultivar. Amisk produced the highest number of minitubers per plot from microtubers derived from JA pre-treated plantlets. Jasmonic acid-pretreated microtubers also gave significantly more minitubers in Russet Burbank and Umatilla Russet than the microtubers from other treatments. Shepody did not benefit from JA treatments and JA pre-treated Atlantic microtubers performed poorly, producing significantly lower yields of minitubers than other cultivars. Independently of cultivar, microtubers produced under 8-h photoperiod gave significantly higher yields of minitubers than microtubers produced in the dark. Dormancy release was the key factor influencing microtuber performance. Rindite proved to be a much more effective dormancy breaking treatment than gibberellin. JA conditioning of stock plants prior to tuberization is being proposed as a treatment in production of microtubers for greenhouse production of minitubers.