6种杀菌剂对马铃薯枯萎病菌的室内毒力测定

选择75%百菌清可湿性粉剂(WP)、36%甲霜灵锰锌悬浮剂(SC)、70%恶霉灵可湿性粉剂(WP)、50%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂(WP)、6%春雷霉素可湿性粉剂(WP)、22.5%抑霉唑乳油(EC)6种杀菌剂对3种马铃薯枯萎病病原菌进行室内毒力测定。结果表明:6种药剂对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制效果差异很大,50%甲基硫菌灵(WP)和22.5%抑霉唑(EC)对3种病原菌的抑菌效果均很好,EC50分别为1.69、5.59、5.03μg/mL和3.60、5.17、1.58μg/mL。     

6种杀菌剂对马铃薯坏疽病病菌的毒力测定

为筛选可有效防治马铃薯坏疽病的杀菌剂,采用生长速率法测定了13种杀菌剂对马铃薯坏疽病病菌的抑菌作用,并对入选杀菌剂对坏疽病病菌的毒力进行了测定。结果表明,13种供试杀菌剂中有6种能有效抑制坏疽病病菌,但这6种杀菌剂毒力差异较大。EC50值由小到大依次为10%苯醚甲环唑ME3%甲霜·噁霉灵(秀苗)AS40%溴菌腈·多菌灵·福美双(炭息)WP62.5 g/L精甲·咯菌腈(亮盾)FS68%精甲霜·锰锌(金雷)WP80%代森锰锌(大生M-45)WP,其中10%苯醚甲环唑ME、3%甲霜·噁霉灵(秀苗)AS、40%溴菌腈·多菌灵·福美双(炭息)WP的EC50值均小于1μg/m L,说明病原菌对这3种杀菌剂更为敏感。该试验为田间防治马铃薯坏疽病提供了科学依据。     

5种杀菌剂对马铃薯黑痣病的病菌毒力及田间防效

马铃薯黑痣病(Rhizoctonia solani)是一种土传病害,危害呈逐年加重趋势。本研究进行了5种杀菌剂对病菌的毒力测定和病害田间防效试验。结果表明:抑霉唑、嘧菌酯抑菌作用较好,EC50分别为4.46μg·mL-1、8.32μg·mL-1,相关系数r均大于0.91。5种药剂在田间防病中,噻氟菌胺沟施浓度过高对马铃薯出苗产生药害,相对出苗率为92.3%,与对照有显著性差异;嘧菌酯、噻氟菌胺、百菌清、抑霉唑沟施和拌种对地中茎防病效果均在83%以上;抑霉唑(沟施)、嘧菌酯(沟施和拌种)、百菌清(沟施)对预防因病造成植株死亡效果较好,防效分别为71.6%、69.3%、67.4%、67.3%;嘧菌酯预防薯块带菌效果最好,沟施和拌种防病效果分别为90.7%、86%。     

马铃薯黑痣病菌菌丝融合群的鉴定

从马铃薯种植区的部分县市分离纯化得到44个马铃著黑痣病病原菌立枯丝核菌（RhizoctoniasolaniKUhn）菌株,经核相测定均为多核菌株。通过与标准菌株AG-1-IA、AG_1-IB、AG_2—1、AG_2-ⅢB和AG．3的菌丝融合试验,最终将44个菌株分为3个菌丝融合群,即AG-3、AG--1-IB和非融合类...     

6种杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病菌的室内毒力测定

试验采用生长速率法测定了双炔酰菌胺、恶酮.霜脲氰、氟菌.霜霉威、烯酰.松脂酮、丙森锌.霜脲氰、代森锰锌6种杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病菌的毒力。结果表明,供试6种杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病菌丝生长都有良好的抑制效果。双炔酰菌胺的毒力最强,其EC50值为0.029μg/mL,恶酮.霜脲氰、丙森锌.霜脲氰、烯酰.松脂酮、氟菌.霜霉威毒力依次减弱,而代森锰锌毒力最差,其EC50值为5.502μg/mL。根据室内毒力测定结果及药剂特性,供试的6种杀菌剂在田间防治上可视病害的发生情况交替或混合应用,做到科学合理搭配,以避免或延缓抗药性的产生。     

9种生物农药对人参立枯病菌的室内毒力测定

为筛选出防治人参立枯病的有效药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了9种生物农药对人参立枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)的室内抑菌效果。结果表明:50亿CFU/g多粘类芽孢杆菌WP对人参立枯病菌的室内抑菌效果最好,其EC50为5.12E-09 mg/L;另外,300亿/g内生芽孢杆菌WP、10亿活芽孢/g枯草芽孢杆菌WP、1000亿芽孢/g枯草芽孢杆菌WP和10%多抗霉素WP 4种生物农药对人参立枯病菌也表现出了较好的室内抑菌效果,EC50分别为0.0001、0.0017、0.0177和0.0260 mg/L。该研究筛选出了能有效抑制人参立枯病菌菌丝生长的生物农药,对人参立枯病的科学防治具有指导意义。     

不同杀菌剂对红麻炭疽病菌的室内毒力测定

利用生长速率法对采自福建漳州的红麻炭疽病菌进行了不同杀菌剂的室内毒力测定.结果表明,在供试的9种药剂中,50%咪鲜胺锰盐WP的抑制效果最好,其EC50和EC90分别为0.0443μg/ml和0.8077μg/ml:25%吡唑醚菌酯EC和10%的苯醚甲环唑WG也表现了良好的抑制效果,其EC50分别为0.1410μg/ml和0.4098μg/ml,EC90分别为954.8009μg/ml和207.7769μg/ml.     

6种杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病菌的室内毒力测定

采用菌落直径法测定了金雷多米尔、杀毒矾、克露、克霜氰、大生M-45和进富6种杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病菌的毒力。结果表明供试的6种杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病菌丝生长都有较好的抑制作用,克露对晚疫病菌毒力最强,其EC50值为0.16μg·mL-1,毒力最差的是大生,其EC50值为2.89μg·mL-1,其余4种药剂按毒力大小依次为克霜氰、金雷多米尔、进富和杀毒矾,其EC50值分别为0.24μg.mL-1、0.28μg·mL-1、0.43μg·mL-1和1.17μg·mL-1。根据室内毒力测定结果及药剂特性,供试的6种杀菌剂在生产上可视病害的发生情况交替使用,以避免或延缓抗药性的产生。     

几种杀菌剂对西瓜枯萎病的室内毒力测定

采用生长速率法测定几种杀菌剂对西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtendahlex Fries f.sp.niveum(E.F.Smith)Snyder et Hansen)的室内毒力。结果表明：多粘类芽孢杆菌和甲基托布津的抑制效果最好,噁霉灵次之,咯菌腈最差;其中多粘类芽孢杆菌与甲基托布津的抑制效果相当,当多粘类芽孢杆菌浓度为25 000 mg/L时,抑制效果达为82.77%;其EC50值为506.176 4 mg/L。多粘类芽孢杆菌可作为大田防治西瓜枯萎病的防治药剂首选。     

采用五种杀菌剂测定花生褐斑病菌的室内毒力和田间药效

为了筛选对花生褐斑病田间防治效果好的杀菌剂,结合室内毒力测定（菌丝生长速率法和载玻片萌发法）和田间小区药效试验对四种杀菌剂与常规使用的杀菌剂多菌灵进行了比较。结果表明,室内毒力测定中,多菌灵对菌丝的抑制效果最强,抑菌率为91.4%;其余四种供试杀菌剂中以咪酰胺效果最好,抑菌率达85.6%;王铜效果最差;多菌灵对分生孢子的抑制率为60.9%,其余四种杀菌剂效果差异不显著。田间药效试验结果显示,咪酰胺2 000mg/kg对花生褐斑病的田间防治效果达60.62%,远远高于对照药剂多菌灵（15.53%）以及其它三种供试杀菌剂。此外咪酰胺挽回32.28%的产量损失,也远远高于其它几种药剂。通过室内毒力试验和田间药效试验表明,田间杀菌剂防治花生褐斑病时,咪酰胺比对照药剂多菌灵具有更好的防治效果,适用于花生褐斑病重病地区。     

大豆品种对立枯丝核菌的抗性研究!

运用种子腐烂率测试法对208份大豆材料进行测试,研究了根腐病原菌中立枯丝核菌对大豆的致病性,并对抗大豆立枯丝核菌抗源材料进行筛选。结果表明:立枯丝核菌是大豆根腐病病原菌中致病性较强的一种,大部分品种对立枯丝核菌高度感病,高感品种(系)153个,占参试材料的73.55%;高抗品种(系)21个,占参试品种(系)的10.1%,其中有7个来自国外;中抗品种(系)34个,占参试品种(系)的16.35%,其中12个中抗材料为创新改良的稳定品系。     

水稻纹枯病菌拮抗菌B34分离鉴定及杀菌蛋白的获得

从水稻植株上分离到1株对水稻纹枯病菌有较好拮抗作用编号为B34的菌株,室内对水稻纹枯病菌的抑菌带达到10.3 mm。经生理、生化检测及细胞壁化学成分分析,确定其为致黄假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aureofaciens）。其代谢粗提物经蛋白酶作用,拮抗作用消失。经70%饱和度的（NH4）2SO4沉淀,透析后得到粗杀菌蛋白,分别上样SephadexG-100和DEAE纤维素32LKB柱层析系统,分离纯化了杀菌蛋白,经SDS-PAGE检测其分子量约为33.0 kDa,经低温、真空干燥,得到了该杀菌蛋白的结晶体。     

根系内生细菌与玉米抗纹枯病关系研究

通过对辽宁省14个玉米主栽品种抗性和内生细菌相互关系的研究,明确了苗期不同品种间内生细菌总量差异显著性达到α=0．05水平,而抽丝期品种间差异不显著,苗期与成株期的互作差异亦不显著;品种苗期与成株期内生细菌种群总量不相关;不同品种苗期和成株期纹枯病抗性均存在显著差异（α=0．01）;玉米纹枯病品种抗性与内生细菌总量不相关,而与拮抗内生细菌百分率呈显著正相关。     

Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis MBI 600 Against Sheath Blight Caused by Rhizoctonia solani and on Growth and Yield of Rice

Rice sheath blight disease(ShB),caused by Rhizoctonia solani,gives rise to significant grain yield losses.The present study evaluated the efficacy of Integral?,the commercial liquid formulation of Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600,against rice ShB and for plant growth promotion.In greenhouse studies,four log concentrations of Integral(from 2.2×106 to 2.2×109 cfu/mL) were used as seed treatment(ST).After 25 d,seedlings were dipped(SD) into Integral prior to transplanting.At 30 d after transplanting(DAT),leaf sheaths were inoculated with immature sclerotia of the pathogen.At 45 DAT,a foliar spray(FS) with Integral was applied to some treatments.The fungicide control was 50% carbendazim at 1.0 g/L,and a nontreated control was also included.Overall,there were 10 treatments,each with five replications.ShB severity was rated at 52 DAT,and seedling height and number of tillers per plant were rated at 60 DAT.In 2009,two field trials evaluated Integral at 2.2×108 and 2.2×109 cfu/mL.Integral was applied as ST,and seedlings were produced in a nursery bed.After 32 d,seedlings were treated with Integral as SD and transplanted into 10 m2 blocks.Foliar sprays were given at 45 and 60 DAT.There were seven treatments,each with eight replications arranged as a factorial randomized complete block design.At 20 DAT,the plots were broadcast inoculated with R.solani produced on rice grains.Seedling height before transplanting,ShB severity at 90 DAT,and grain yield at harvest were recorded.Integral at 2.2×109 cfu/mL provided significant increase of seedling heights over other treatments under greenhouse conditions.The Integral treatments of ST + SD + FS at 2.2×109 cfu/mL significantly suppressed ShB over other treatments.In field studies,Integral provided significant increase of seedling height in nursery,and number of tillers per plant,compared with the control.ShB severity was significantly suppressed with higher concentrations of Integral compared to lower concentrations.Grain yield were the highest at an Integral concentration of 2.2×109 cfu/mL.Overall,Integral significantly reduced ShB severity,enhanced seedling growth,number of tillers per plant and grain yield as ST + SD + FS at the concentration of 2.2×109 cfu/mL under the conditions evaluated.     

辽宁花生纹枯病病原鉴定及其生物学研究

本文对辽宁花生纹枯病病原学进行了较为系统的研究。根据病原菌形态学特征及致病性测定,明确辽宁花生纹枯病病原菌为立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)。病原菌生物学特性研究发现该菌最适pH值为7.0;该菌能利用供试的6种碳源和5种氮源进行营养生长,在尿素作为唯一氮源的培养基上菌丝不生长并且不产生菌核,其余碳氮源培养基均产生菌核;该菌在玉米粉和PDA培养基上生长最好;光照对菌丝的生长及菌核的产生影响不大。     

Morphological and Genetical Variability among Rhizoctonia solani Isolates Causing Sheath Blight Disease of Rice

Eighteen isolates of Rhizoctonia solani collected from infected rice plants in four different locations of Bangladesh were studied by using morphological characters and molecular markers. Anastomosis study with a reference isolate confirmed that all the isolates belonged to R. solani. Significant variation was observed in sclerotial size, shape and distribution. Un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram constructed based on the Gower's general similarity coefficient showed that these isolates were grouped into four clusters at the 0.68 similarity coefficent according to morphological characters. Cluster I was a major cluster consisting of 13 isolates, while clusters Ⅱ to Ⅳ consisted of 1 or 2 isolates. Analyses by variable number of tandem repeat and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers showed that the isolates were grouped into five and three clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.64 and 0.69, respectively. Although most of the variability was found between isolates from different regions as expected, significant variation was observed within the isolates collected from similar agro-ecological regions. Our results suggest the presence of different races of R. solani within the same local geographic regions.