马铃薯杂交组合实生薯留种试验

2003年我所从国际马铃薯中心(CIP)引进了16个杂交实生种子组合,春季在昆明市进行了筛选试验,收取了各组合的一代实生薯,并在当年冬季播种进行产量比较试验,结果表明:A4、A12两个组合在试验中产量较高,其抗病性、经济薯率及综合性状表现较好,具有推广应用前景;A系列杂交实生籽一代薯做种种植,与昆明地区大面积小春种植的中甸红和会-2号品种生育期相近,可以在我市小春上推广种植。     

利用TPS夏播生产优质实生种薯的研究——夏播TPS生产实生种薯

本文是利用TPS夏播生产优质实生种薯的初步研究结果,它由种著大小试验、实生苗密度试验,夏播TPS生产实生种薯试验三部分组成.这三个试验是在1989~1992年进行的.试验揭示了种薯大小与后代生长发育的关系,认为3g以上的小整薯均可直接播于大田生产实生种薯,土壤肥力和实生苗密度是影响夏播生产实生种薯的主要因素,土壤肥力更重要.实生苗的定植密度应大于120株/m~2.初步证明,利用TPS夏播生产实生种薯是可行的.     

马铃薯新品种——川凉薯1号

<正>1选育经过1999年用Serrena作母本,Apat作父本,进行有性杂交获杂种实生籽,2000年实生苗培育获实生薯,2001年选种圃鉴定建立株系,2002年株系圃鉴定入选,编号011-28。经品系、品比试验、州区试、生产对比试验,品质检验、抗病鉴定、原种质量鉴定、田间技术鉴定选育而成,于2008年3月经四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定通过,命名为川凉薯1号。     

利用TPS夏播生产优质实生种薯的研究：夏播TPS生产实生种薯

本文是利用ＴＰＳ夏播生产优质实生种薯的初步研究结果，它由种薯大小试验，实生苗密度试验，夏播ＴＰＳ生产实生种薯试验三部分组成，这三个试验是在１９８９－１９９２年进行的。试验揭示了种薯大小与后代生长发育的关系，认为３ｇ以上的小整薯均可直接播于大田生产实生种薯，土壤肥力和实生苗密度是影响夏播生产实生种薯的主要因素，土壤肥力更重要，实生苗的定植密度应大于１２０株／ｍ＾２．初步证明，利用ＴＰＳ夏播生产实生种     

马铃薯新品种宁薯5号

马铃薯新品种宁薯５号王升华（宁夏固原地区农科所７５６０００）１、品种来源宁薯５号（８４－２５－１６）是宁夏固原地区农科所在引入的甘肃粮作所新品系＂７２－２－１５＂的自变材料中，经单株系选培育而成。１９８３年采收其自交果。１９８４年将实生籽播种培育实生...     

马铃薯新型栽培种在实生种子选育中的应用研究

本文研究比较了马铃薯实生种子选育中,新型栽培种(Neo-tuberosum)利用的6类不同组合方式产生的杂种实生种子在群体生产力和一致性上表现的差异,结果表明:①不同组合方式形成的具有不同Neo-tubersum基因频率的实生种子,群体间生产力表现极显著的差异。这一差异主要表现在产量构成因素上,商品薯数量和小薯数量对构成群体产量均有极显著的作用;小薯数量的增加对提高群体的商品薯率有极显著的负作用,即块茎数量越多,块茎越小。后代商品薯率取决于S.tuberosum种质,而块茎数量主要由Neo-tuberosum决定,并找出其生产力表现的优先顺序。②S.tuberosum×Neo-tuberosum组合表现的一致性水平在株高、薯形、皮色和芽眼深浅等性状上与S.tuberosum自交群体相似,没有显著差异,是利用新型栽培种进行实生种子选育的最佳组合方式。     

马铃薯新品种丽薯2号的选育

1选育经过 丽薯2号,原名90单薯选.该品种是丽江市农业科学研究所太安基点,1985年承担全国马铃薯杂交实生种子联合区域性试验,由内蒙古呼伦贝尔盟农业科学研究所提供的呼自79-172×NS79-12-1组合,经育苗移栽,于1990年大田生产利用的无性5代混薯中进行单薯选择繁育而成.2004年先后通过丽江市和云南省作物品种审定委员会审定定名.     

利用TPS夏播生产优质实生种薯的研究──夏播实生种薯和常规实生种薯的比较

通过夏播实生种薯和常规实生种薯的比较试验，揭示了夏播实生种薯具有带毒少、出苗率高、长势强、退化轻、晚疫病轻、产量和淀粉含量明显提高等特点．进一步证明利用马铃薯实生种子夏播生产优质实生种薯是效果显著，完全可行的。     

利用TPS夏播生产优质实生种薯和研究：夏播实生种薯和常规实生种薯和比较

通过夏播实生种薯和常规实生种薯的比较试验，揭示了夏播实生种薯具有带毒少，出苗率高、长势强、退化轻、晚疫病轻、产量和淀粉质量明显提高等特点，进一步证明利用马铃薯实生种子夏播生产优质实生种薯是效果显著、完全可行的。     

辽北地区马铃薯夏播留种的四个技术问题

辽北地区马铃薯夏播留种比春播留种可增产30 %～ 5 0 % ,并且延缓了退化 ,延长了种薯利用年限 ,是当地多年行之有效的留种措施。有的农民不掌握技术措施 ,效果很差。因此夏播留种必须强调下面四个技术问题 :1　种薯选择夏播留种的种薯必须是健康的无毒或少毒的 ,而且是连续夏播留种。即是在当年产的夏播种中选出最好的留作来年夏播用种 ,在田间选优秀株 ,收后再选薯。如果把春播已退化的小薯留作夏播用种 ,是绝对减产的。最好是脱毒 1代做第一次夏播留种 ,以后再汰劣选优连续夏播 ,或者是用杂交实生薯一代做第一次夏播用种。2　播种日期播种…     

Selection for resistance to potato leafhopper in potatoes: III. Comparison of two selection procedures

A comparison was made of two breeding procedures for recurrently selecting potato,Solanum tuberosum L., for resistance to infestation by potato leafhopper,Empoasca fabae (Harris). On the basis of selection advance per year, the more efficient procedure involved randomly intermating a group of clones, planting seedling tubers in a field test to measure resistance to infestation, and then bulking the seed from the most resistant clones to complete the selection cycle in one year. A population developed by five cycles of selection (five years) for resistance to infestation using this procedure resulted in a decrease of 57% in the level of infestation from the original population.     

马铃薯栽培品种的配合力分析——组合内遗传变异系数及世代间的相关性分析

本试验采用了4个综合性状好的马铃薯栽培品种和无性系,通过双列杂交设计,田间采用B法(在不同区组种植同一组合相同基因型个体),分别计算了各组合实生苗世代与无性一代的组合内遗传变异系数,并以单株为基础,计算各组合在两个不同世代性状间以及世代间的相关性.结果表明:(1)同一性状各组合的组合内遗传变异系数差别较大.因此,鉴于马铃薯作物具有独特的育种方式,在配合力分析时,对组合的评价应增加组合内变异程度的估算——组合内遗传变异系数.采用组合平均值和组合内遗传变羿系数可以较为全面地评价单一性状各组合的优劣;(2)实生苗世代与无性一代世代间,除比重性状有2个组合存在极显著正相关外,其余均无显著相关.同一组合在不同世代,性状间的相关性也不相同.建议在实生苗世代选择时除选择优良单株外,还应保留块茎家系,以便在无性一代复选.     

Confirmatory evidence for the efficacy of a seedling progeny test for resistance to potato foliage blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary)

Summary Examination of the field resistance to foliage late blight of a population of selected potato clones has clearly demonstrated the efficiency of a seedling blight screen in eliminating susceptible material from that population. The subsequent selection from amongst survivors of the screen of agronomically superior material compares favourably with an unexposed sample of the same population, confirming the applicability of a seedling screen in a breeding programme.     

Assessing general combining ability for late blight resistance and tuber characteristics by means of glasshouse seedling tests

Summary Screening tests to detect resistance to late blight in both foliage and tubers were done on glasshouse-grown seedling progenies in parallel with visual assessments by three experienced potato breeders of the yield and quality of glasshouse-grown tubers of the same progenies. There were large differences between the parents of the progenies in their general combining ability (GCA) for both foliage and tuber blight, despite some variation due to specific combining ability for foliage blight. There were also differences between parents in their GCAs for visual preference scores, but these GCAs and those for blight resistance were not correlated. The blight-resistant cv. Stirling had the best combination of high GCAs for all three attributes. The use of these and other seedling progeny tests in a multitrait genotypic recurrent selection scheme is discussed.     

Performance of true potato seed families. 2. Comparison of transplants vs. seedling tubers

Summary A potato crop can be grown from true potato seed (TPS) either by transplanting seedlings to the field (seedling transplants) or by planting tubers derived from seedlings (seedling tubers). The effect of the planting method on performance of TPS families was evaluated for three types of families, 4x×2x hybrid, open pollinated, and self pollinated. Families from seedling transplants and seedling tubers and their 4x parental clones were compared for tuber yield and specific gravity. Families from tubers had substantially higher yields and significantly more uniform specific gravity than families from transplants. Hybrid seedling tuber families had a higher mean yield than the parental clones and did not differ from them in specific gravity. Selection in the seedling generation could further improve both OP and hybrid families from transplants and from seedling tubers. Paper no. 3163 from the Department of Genetics, University of Madison.     

接种AM真菌对脱毒马铃薯产量的影响

在苗盘和大田条件下研究了接种丛枝菌根真菌对脱毒马铃薯菌根侵染率和产量的影响。在苗盘试验条件下,接种Glomus mosseae(BEG167)和Glomus versiform(G.v)2种菌种。在灭菌土壤中,接种BEG167和G.v,脱毒马铃薯侵染率分别达到27%和32%;BEG167使组培脱毒苗移栽生成的微型薯产量比不接种处理增加54.2%。未灭菌土壤上接种BEG167和G.v,侵染率则分别为44%和27%,而对照的侵染率为22%;接种BEG167使组培脱毒苗移栽生成的微型薯产量比不接种处理增加25.2%;在灭菌和未灭菌土壤条件下,接种G.v均降低了组培脱毒苗移栽生成的微型薯产量。在大田试验条件下,采用混合菌种(BEG167+G.v,体积比1:1)作为接种剂。接种菌根菌剂使脱毒马铃薯侵染率由21%提高到47%,薯块产量增加21%。上述结果证明,在苗盘和大田条件下,接种菌根真菌都能侵染马铃薯根部,并能增加产量。     

A method of assessing potato seedling progenies for resistance to the white potato cyst nematode

Summary The resistance expressed by progenies of potato seedlings to the white potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida) has been assessed on bulk sowings of seedlings and on individual plants raised from tubers, and a positive correlation between the seedling and plant tests has been established. The use of such a seedling test as an addition to other methods of screening is discussed.     

冬季马铃薯实生种子日光温室育苗移栽技术

利用冬季进行马铃薯实生种子育苗,可以加快育种进程,但由于冬季气温偏低,对实生苗生长影响很大。我们使用1 500 mg·L-1赤霉素溶液浸种24 h,有效地打破了当年采收马铃薯实生种子的休眠,使当年采收的实生种子的发芽率超过80%;并在日光温室内使用小拱棚控制温度和湿度,有效地防止了低温冷害;移栽前浇透水,减少了对根的损伤,使实生苗移栽的成活率达到100%。     

马铃薯愈伤组织再生体系的研究进展

马铃薯愈伤组织再生体系的建立是进行马铃薯遗传转化的基础。外植体选择、培养基配方以及培养过程中褐化的控制等都是影响愈伤组织诱导和再生体系建立的关键因素。本文主要从愈伤组织诱导、愈伤组织继代和分化三个阶段进行详细总结,并提出愈伤组织诱导,建立再生体系中存在的问题及今后的研究方向,以期为建立马铃薯愈伤组织再生体系提供理论参考和技术借鉴。     

Planting materials for warm tropic potato production: growth and yield of transplanted seedlings or rooted cuttings and tuber materials in the field

Expansion of potato production in lowland tropical regions has been constrained by the lack of planting materials, given that adapted genotypes and suitable field management practices now exist.

The respective performance of transplanted materials (i.e., true potato seed (TPS) seedlings or rooted stem cuttings) produced in situ in the warm tropics were compared with that of genetically identical seedling tubers (tubers produced from seedlings) or seed tubers. Seed and seedling tubers had been previously produced under optimal cool conditions. Transplanted materials achieved lower maximum leaf area index than did tuber materials (1.3–2.2 vs. 2.7) but relative growth rates of cuttings and seedlings were greater. This was in part due to the greater net assimilation rate of cuttings and to greater leaf:stem ratio for both compared with plants originating from tubers. Stolon and tuber formation were greater in seed tubers than in cuttings and in seedlings versus seedling tubers. On average, seedlings produced 14 tubers per plant, apical cuttings 12, seedling tubers 8, and stem cuttings 6.

Tuber yields within a genotype were statistically similar for crops from seed tubers or cuttings and for crops from seedling tubers or seedlings. However, the proportion of marketable (i.e., > 3.5 cm diameter) tubers was approximately 12% less in the crops from seed tuber and seedlings compared with those from cuttings and seedling tubers, respectively. Within a genotype, the crop duration in the field was similar whatever the type of planting material. Maximum yields, at 23 t/ha in warm sites, were still below those of temperate potato crops, but could be achieved equally well with transplanted in situ-produced materials or imported cool-climate seed tubers.