猪细小病毒病的发病特点与防治

猪细小病毒病是由于猪受到细小病毒的感染后引发猪的一类疾病,本病主要侵害母猪,以损害母猪的生殖系统、导致母猪不孕和死胎等为主要特征。本文针对猪细小病毒病的发病特点及防治方法进行归纳和总结,以期为猪场在预防和控制该病时提供技术参考。     

常见猪繁殖障碍性疾病的鉴别诊断与防控(二)

<正>(内容接上期)1.2.1.4猪细小病毒病猪细小病毒病(PPI),是由猪细小病毒引起的一种猪的繁殖障碍病。以怀孕母猪发生流产、死产、产木乃伊为特征。猪细小病毒为细小病毒科细小病毒属成员,病毒对热和酸碱有较强的抵抗力。传染源主要来自感染细小病毒的母猪和带毒的公猪,后备母猪比经产母猪易感染,仔猪、胚胎、胎猪通过感染母猪发生垂直感染;公猪、肥育猪和母猪主要是由污染的饲料、环境经呼吸道、生殖道或消化道感染;初产母猪的感染多数是经与带毒公猪配种时发生的;鼠类也能传播本病。1.2.1.5猪乙型脑炎又称流行性乙型脑炎、日本脑炎,是由流行性乙型脑炎     

影响母猪繁殖障碍的疾病因素及防治措施

母猪繁殖障碍是由传染性疾病和非传染性疾病引起的。母猪繁殖障碍疾病是以母猪流产、早产、死胎、胎儿大及木乃伊胎和产弱仔,以及初生仔猪在短期内大批死亡为主要症状。该病在我省各地时有发生的主要疫病之一,发病较多,其中猪瘟病毒、猪细小病毒、猪乙型脑炎病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪生殖和呼吸综合症病毒等是主要感染病源。     

猪蓝耳病综合防制

猪蓝耳病是20世纪80年代后期新发现的猪的一种急性高度传染性疾病。主要侵害猪的生殖和呼吸系统。临床上以母猪呈现发热、厌食,妊娠母猪流产、死产、产弱仔和木乃伊胎,异常的呼吸症状和     

猪细小病毒的诊断及防控措施

猪细小病毒病主要是由猪细小病毒所引起的一系列机能紊乱障碍性的疾病,在临床上主要表现为母猪繁殖障碍。该病主要对胎儿和胚胎进行感染,导致出生的仔猪大面积的死亡。在母猪中又以初产母猪容易发生,常造成初产母猪腹部胎儿出现死胎、畸形胎、木乃伊胎等状况。但母猪本身却没有明显症状,给饲养诊断添加了难度,造成养猪业巨大的经济损失。本文主要对猪细小病毒进行临床诊断以及给出相对应的防控措施,希望给相关工作者带来帮助,以此降低猪细小病毒病的发生,促进养猪业的不断发展。     

一例猪瘟与猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的诊断与防制

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒引起的以母猪繁殖障碍和仔猪呼吸道疾病为特征的传染病。该病以繁殖障碍、呼吸困难、耳朵蓝紫并发其他传染病为主要特征。主要通过呼吸道感染,患病猪和带毒猪都是PRRS的主要传染源。该病主要侵害繁殖和呼吸系统,主要表现母猪繁殖障碍、仔猪断奶前死亡率高、育成猪的呼吸道疾病症状,严重影响养猪业的生产与发展。     

猪细小病毒病及其防治措施

1流行病学猪细小病毒病是由猪细小病毒引起的母猪繁殖障碍性传染病,不同年龄、性别的猪均易感。传染源主要来自感染细小病毒的母猪和带毒的公猪,后备母猪比经产母猪易感染,病毒能通过胎盘垂直传播。污染的猪舍是猪细小病毒的主要储藏所。在病猪移     

母猪繁殖障碍的临床症状与防治措施

母猪繁殖障碍是指母猪在妊娠前或妊娠期间,由于病原体感染而引起的母猪繁殖系统障碍疾病的总称。引起母猪障碍的疾病主要有猪细小病毒病、猪流行性乙型脑炎、猪伪狂犬病、猪蓝耳病、猪瘟、猪钩端螺旋体病、猪弓形体病和布氏杆菌病等。1流行病学特点     

猪蓝耳病综合防制

猪蓝耳病是20世纪80年代后期新发现的猪的一种急性高度传染性疾病。主要侵害猪的生殖和呼吸系统。临床上以母猪呈现发热、厌食,妊娠母猪流产、死产、产弱仔和木乃伊胎,异常的呼吸症状和新生仔猪高死亡率为特征。     

猪气喘病的防制措施

猪气喘病又称猪支原体性肺炎,是由猪肺炎支原体引起。本病仅发生于猪,不同年龄、性别、品种和用途的猪都易感染本病。但以1～3月龄的猪多发,母猪和成年猪以慢性和隐性感染为主,但母猪怀孕后期表现出明显症状,尤其哺乳母猪,且死亡     

An outbreak of blue-eared pig disease (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome) in four pig herds in Great Britain.

The clinical syndrome of a new disease of pigs in four herds in the Humberside area is described. The first signs of the disease were anorexia, lethargy and pyrexia with up to 60 per cent of the dry sows affected. These signs were followed by an increased incidence of abortions which occurred in up to 3.3 per cent of sows, premature farrowings in up to 20.6 per cent of sows and stillbirths and late mummification which affected up to 26.0 and 18.8 per cent of fetuses, respectively. Mortality in neonatal and pre-weaning pigs reached up to 88 per cent and respiratory disease of high morbidity and low mortality occurred in fattening pigs. There were infertility problems in sows, with an increase in returns to service and a failure to show oestrus after weaning or aborting. The signs of the disease in boars were anorexia and malaise. Cyanosis of the extremities affected up to 2 per cent of the animals. The outbreak lasted 11 weeks in all the herds.     

猪细小病毒病流行的调查与防疫研究

笔者对安徽省宣城市不同地理环境的6个市(县)共21个集约化养猪场的1 520头妊娠母猪,进行了猪细小病毒病流行的调查研究.其中,发生繁殖障碍综合征的猪671头,占44.1%.1 520头妊娠母猪中,共产仔7 799头,其中,死仔猪1 530头,占产仔总数的19.6%.在671头繁殖障碍综合征的妊娠母猪中,共抽样207头份血清进行猪细小病毒(PPV)、衣原体(Cp)、布鲁氏杆菌(Br)及乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)的血清学检查.其中,猪细小病毒抗体阳性反应高达79.8%.研究结果表明,该市繁殖障碍综合征的主要原因是猪细小病毒感染.因此,应将防制繁殖障碍综合征的主要对象从布鲁氏杆菌病转移到猪细小病毒病,并建立猪群中定期血清抗体监测制度,加强猪细小病毒病的流行防疫工作.     

Pathological lesions in swine at slaughter. II. Culled sows

The same computerized recording system as described in Part I of this publication (Flesjå & Ulvesœter 1979) was applied to sows slaughtered at Sentralslakteriet, Forus, Stavanger.In the three-year period 1975–1977 a total of 10,051 apparently healthy sows were brought to the abattoir. About 17 % of the carcasses had one or more pathological lesions. Of the total number of lesions 89 % were confined to 18 of the available 57 disease codes. Pyaemia and abscess/-es occurred at a rate of 1.5 and 3.2 %, respectively. This comprised 21 % of all registered lesions. Scabies and numerous white liver spots came to another 21 %, occurring in 3.3 and 1.5 % of the animals, respectively. About 15 % were chest lesions, of which pleurisy was diagnosed in 1.4 % and pericarditis in 1.3 % of the slaughtered sows. Other lesions recorded in 1 % or more included perihepatitis and other non-parasitic liver lesions, arthritis and decubitus.Only code 31 — numerous white spots in the liver showed a convincing seasonal variation.Significantly higher frequencies of pyaemia and abscess/-es occurred in culled sows than in baconers, but no such difference could be found for peritonitis, polyarthritis and arthritis. For all other commonly observed lesions significantly lower frequencies were seen in sows compared to baconers.Various theories are suggested to explain the observed difference in the distribution of lesions between baconers and sows.     

断奶仔猪的生理特点及乳酸杆菌在断奶仔猪中应用的研究进展

仔猪早期断奶在提高母猪利用率的同时也带来了其生长性能和抗病力的下降,因此早期断奶仔猪的健康生长在养猪业发展中具有重要意义。本文对早期断奶仔猪的生理特点和乳酸杆菌在断奶仔猪中的应用效果进行了综述。     

Experimental foot-and-mouth disease in fattening pigs, sows and piglets in relation to outbreaks in the field

The progression of foot-and-mouth disease in sows and their litters of piglets following exposure to O1 Lausanne virus has been investigated. The majority of piglets died with acute myocarditis but without developing vesicles. Deaths occurred before and also when sows began showing early evidence of vesicle formation. This clinical picture parallels that seen at the beginning of both the Normandy 1979 and Britanny 1981 epidemics in France and points to the necessity of including foot-and-mouth disease in the differential diagnosis of acute death among cloven-hoofed livestock and furthermore the importance of extending clinical inspections to adult animals on premises when such events take place. In investigations in which the susceptibility of fattening pigs to infection with O1 Lausanne virus given by the intramuscular route was examined it was found that the 50 per cent infective dose was log (10)4.8 TCID50. This finding suggests that large amounts of virus are required for successful initiation of disease. This is more likely to come from animals already infected than by inoculation with contaminated material.     

On the agalactia post partum in the sow. A clinical study.

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the clinical symptoms of agalactic sows post partum in randomly selected swine herds. The study comprised 71 sows affected with agalactia post partum and 71 healthy sows from the same herds used as controls. Average morbidity of the disease in these 50 herds, consisting of an average of 25 sows, was 12.8%. Sixty-three per cent of the agalactic sows were affected within one day after farrowing. There was no difference in gestation length between healthy sows and agalactic sows. The body temperature was significantly higher for affected than for healthy sows. Mastitis was diagnosed in 35 out of 71 agalactic sows. The criteria for mastitis were swelling and herdening of one or several udder glands. Vaginal discharge was recorded for affected sows (55/57) as well as for healthy sows (51/58) and is therefore not significantly associated with agalactia. The temperament of the agalactic sows was moderately or severely affected in 62 out of 71 agalactic sows. Constipation was recorded for 13/59 agalactic sows and for 3/57 normal sows. The agalactic sows had significantly higher number of piglets per litter at birth while the litter size was higher for healthy sows at weaning. Numerically, more sows were culled among agalactic sows (16/48) than among normal sows (6/42). Moreover, sows affected with agalactia at the previous parturition were more inclined to meet with the disease at the next parturition. Further studies comprising large groups of animals are, however, necessary for evaluation of this question.     

Studies of transplacental and perinatal infection with two clones of a single Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus isolate

The effect of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) infection in the last third of gestation was studied using two clones from an ADV isolate. Twelve sows were infected with one or other clone at 85 +/- 1 days of gestation. The dose of infection was 5 X 10(6) TCID50 per sow. The clinical and serological responses to the infection were different. One clone, Ls-1, produces a severe and acute illness. The course of the disease went from 9 to 14 days while the other clone, Ls-2, caused a mild or silent infection and for a shorter time. Transplacental infection occurred in only one sow which had been infected with Ls-2. The litter consisted of 8 mummified fetuses. Sows infected with Ls-1 produced piglets or mummified fetuses that were virus-negative. Perinatal infection was found in litters from both groups. Colostrum-deprived piglets that did not have postpartum contact with the sow, produced specific antibodies, 2 out of 6 born to sows infected with Ls-1 and 1 out of 4 born to sows infected with Ls-2. The antibody titers in colostrum-fed piglets were related to the extent of clinical response of the sows to the infection. Litters born to sows infected with Ls-1 had mean SNT titers from 1/12 to 1/112 while litters born to sows infected with Ls-2 showed titers of 1/2 or less than 2.     

Immune response of sows and their offspring to pseudorabies virus: serum neutralization response to vaccination and field virus challenge.

One month prior to breeding, sows were vaccinated with an attenuated pseudorabies virus vaccine or challenged with a field strain of pseudorabies virus. A third group of sows were not vaccinated or challenged before breeding. Pigs from these sows were vaccinated at 3, 6, or 12 weeks of age and challenged with virulent virus three weeks later. One pig from each litter served as an unvaccinated, unchallenged control. Serum neutralization titers of these pigs were monitored from birth until 22 weeks of age. Titers of the sows were monitored through breeding, gestation and farrowing. The maximum prefarrowing anti-pseudorabies virus titer in the field virus challenged sows occurred four weeks following challenge. A significant decline in titers occurred at farrowing. Titers rose from one week postfarrowing and then declined. Titers in the field virus infected sows were consistently two to threefold greater than those of the vaccinated sows. The maximum prefarrowing anti-pseudorabies virus titer in the vaccinated sows occurred six weeks following vaccination. The geometric mean titer in these sow's then decreased and increased for two weeks after farrowing. The results in the pigs can be summarized as follows: Pigs from control sows had a greater serological response following field virus challenge than following vaccination with a modified live virus. Pigs from control sows responded serologically to vaccination at 3, 6 and 12 weeks of age. Pigs from control sows which were challenged at 6, 9 and 15 weeks of age had similar antibody responses. Pigs from vaccinated sows had no increase in titer following vaccination at three and six weeks of age. Titers increased when these pigs were vaccinated at 12 weeks of age. There was no significant increase in mean titers of pigs from challenged sows following vaccination at 3, 6 and 12 weeks of age. Vaccinated pigs from control and vaccinated sows had a secondary response following challenge three weeks after vaccination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Responsiveness to boar stimuli and change in vulvar reddening in relation to ovulation in weaned sows

In 117 weaned sows, changes in estrous behavior and vulvar reddening were related to timing of ovulation. Detection of estrus was performed every 8 h with four levels of boar stimuli to record the change in responsiveness to these stimuli. This resulted in four overlapping phases of estrus, during which a standing response could be evoked: 1) man estrus (standing response to a back pressure test, in the absence of a boar), 2) spontaneous estrus (standing response in the presence of a boar, no back pressure test), 3) boar estrus (standing response to boar + back pressure test), and 4) detection-mating-area estrus (back pressure test in the presence of four boars). In addition to the detection of estrus, the change in reddening of the inner vulvar mucosa was recorded. Manifestation of estrus in response to the four stimuli occurred in 46, 56, 90, and 97% of the sows, respectively. Onset of the four phases occurred 24 h (SD 13 h), 23 h (SD 15 h), 34 h (SD 13 h), and 41 h (SD 12 h) before ovulation. The duration of the intervals between the various phases of estrus explained 10 to 50% of the variation in the timing of ovulation relative to the onset of the phases. However, these intervals could not be calculated for all sows because estrus was not expressed at every stimulus level by each sow. The end of vulvar reddening occurred, on average, 21 h (SD 14 h) before ovulation. Except for five sows that ceased to show vulvar reddening within 5 h after ovulation, the end of vulvar reddening occurred before ovulation, within a 70-h range. Of the sows showing boar estrus, 90% also showed vulvar reddening. For sows that showed vulvar reddening until after the onset of boar estrus (two-thirds of the sows), the end of reddening occurred within a much smaller range: from 36 h before, until 2 h after, ovulation. Onset of estrus, regardless at which stimulus level it is detected, appears too variable relative to timing of ovulation to be used as a predictor for ovulation. Duration of the different stages of responsiveness explains only some of this variation and cannot be obtained on all sows. Combining information on vulvar reddening and boar estrus can predict ovulation within a reasonable range for two-thirds of the sows.     

A review of factors influencing litter size in Irish sows

Many factors influence litter size. These include genetics, gilt management, lactation length, parity distribution, disease, stress and boar fertility. In the past 20 years, litter size in Irish sows has increased by only one pig. Born alive figures now average at 11.2 pigs per litter. In this regard, Ireland is falling behind our European competitors who have made significant advances over this time. Denmark, for example, has an average figure of 12.7 pigs born alive per litter and France an average of 12.5. The single area that could be improved immediately is sow feeding. It is important that sows are fed correctly throughout pregnancy. If over-fed during pregnancy, sows will have depressed appetite during lactation. If underfed in pregnancy, sows will be too thin at farrowing. The correct way to feed a pregnant sow is to match her feed allocation to her requirement for maintenance, body growth and growth of her developing foetuses. During lactation, sows should be given as much feed as they can eat to prevent excessive loss of body condition. Liquid-feed curves should be such that lactating sows are provided with a minimum mean daily feed supply of 6.2 kg. A small proportion of sows will eat more and this could be given as supplementary dry feed. Where dry feeding is practised in the farrowing house, it is difficult to hand-feed sows to match their appetite. Ideally ad libitum wet/dry feeders should be used. From weaning to service, sows should once again be fed ad libitum. If liquid feeding, this means giving at least 60 MJ DE (digestible energy) per day during this period. If dry feeding, at least 4 kg of lactation diet should be fed daily. The effort spent perfecting sow feeding management on units should yield high dividends in the form of increased pigs born alive per litter.