黄淮南片麦区小麦品种的应用与思考

小麦是我国黄淮南片面积最大的夏粮作物,单位面积用种量大。为确保优质小麦品种在生产上达到优质、高产,必须选好用好对路品种,并且分析讨论了在推广优质小麦品种时应注意的一些问题。     

小麦新品种贵花一号的特性及配套高产栽培技术

贵花一号小麦新品种,是以丰产性好,适应性广,多花多实的矮秆春性小麦品种绵阳11号为母本;用综合比状好,适应性强、丰产、优质、抗旱,抗病的中秆半冬性品种贵农10号为父本杂交;获得 F_1后,再用 F_1与综合性状好,高产、稳产、抗病、优质、熟相好,抗旱、耐瘠的中秆小麦品种黔荣杂交选育而成。     

从今年气候特点看河南省小麦品种表现

今年河南省小麦生长期间,先后经历了暖冬、倒春寒、干旱和干热风等一系列灾害性天气,对小麦生长极为不利,但同时又为在特殊气候条件下了解品种在大田中的表现、鉴定及筛选品种提供了一个好机会,为河南省秋播合理利用小麦品种提供参考和依据.     

河南省水浇地小麦新品种展示试验研究与分析

在小麦主产区进行水浇地小麦新品种展示，鉴定丰产性、抗逆性、适应性等，同时对小麦全生育期气象要素进行分析，找出影响小麦产量的气象因子，进一步总结配套技术措施，为小麦品种利用和布局提供依据。研究发现，表现好的半冬性品种有郑麦1860、郑麦129、郑麦618、平安0602等，弱春性品种有中麦255、天宁38等。     

小麦新品种龙堂二号选育及绿色栽培技术

龙堂二号小麦品种是利用黄淮南北片小麦品种资源,以济麦22为回交亲本,后代采用系谱法处理,在3代加强-3-0代选择,选育并审定的矮秆、抗倒、抗寒、高产小麦品种。该品种茎秆质量好、矮秆大穗、生长稳健、籽粒饱满、高产稳产。探讨了小麦新品种龙堂二号的选育及相应绿色栽培技术。     

抗旱耐瘠小麦品种洛旱15的选育及高产栽培技术

洛旱15是洛阳农林科学院选育的半冬性多穗型早熟旱地小麦品种.2011—2014年参加国家黄淮冬麦区旱薄组区域试验和生产试验,表现出抗旱耐瘠性好、抗病、抗干热风、适应性广的特性.2014年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定.该品种高产稳产,抗旱耐瘠,综合抗性好,适应性好,是较为理想的适宜黄淮旱薄地种植的小麦新品种.     

豫东平原小麦全程健身（应变）栽培技术

为充分发挥小麦品种的高产潜力,制定了豫东平原小麦全程健身（应变）栽培技术,包括高标准种好小麦、冬前和越冬期管理、返青拔节期施肥技术等田间管理措施。     

淮北市优质小麦全程化栽培与管理技术规程

1品种选择经过多年的引进、示范与推广，现已筛选出比较适于淮北市种植的优质小麦品种有优质强筋小麦烟农19和优质中筋小麦皖麦19，表现产量高、品质优、抗性强、综合性状好，已成为淮北市优质小麦的主栽品种，种植面积达4．7万hm^2，有力地促进了农村产业结构的调整和农民增收。     

紧凑型小麦品种的超高产潜力分析

紧凑型小麦品种的超高产潜力分析田纪春王延训(山东农业大学植物生理教研室泰安271018)小麦品种具有单位面积上容纳个体多、光合面积大、光合速率高、光合产物分配合理等优良特性,是实现超高产的前提条件之一。紧凑型小麦叶片上举,通风透光好,由冠层到基部消光...     

播期与密度对鲜食大豆闽豆10号产量及构成因素的影响

北京市属于中国北部冬麦区，冬季严寒，水资源匮乏。2014年以来，北京市大力推广节水小麦品种，通过对2018-2019年度大兴试点节水小麦品种试验数据分析，综合比较参试品种在的产量、节水性及抗病性等因素，结果表明航麦3290、京农14-95、中麦159、RS765等小麦品种综合性状表现比较好，适合大兴地区推广种植。     

植物新品种保护与品种审定的意义和异同

随着知识产权愈来愈受到社会各界的关注，植物新品种保护工作也显得尤为重要。该文着重介绍了植物新品种保护的发展概况、意义及其与品种审定的异同，使读者对植物新品种保护工作有所了解。     

大白菜施肥技巧与主要病虫害防治

1施肥技巧 大白菜施肥原则是：整地重施有机肥，苗后分次巧追肥。追肥要掌握“少量多次、前少后多、分期供给”。肥后及时浇水，以达到肥水均匀，充分发挥肥效。     

果蔬采后存在问题及贮藏保鲜技术发展

随着生活水平的提高,果蔬产品成为人们摄取营养元素的重要食品之一。分析了我国果蔬采后存在的问题,并对低温及气调保鲜、化学保鲜剂、涂膜保鲜技术及超声保鲜技术等贮藏保鲜技术研究进行了综述,指出我国果蔬贮藏保鲜技术持续、稳定、健康的发展要倚重于科技创新。     

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and residues of oil and protein crops

Oil and protein crops are of growing importance in cropping systems. This study was carried out to compare oil crops of linseed, rapeseed, sunflower and protein crops of faba bean and white lupin for grain production, residual plant dry matter and nitrogen. Two field experiments with either oil or protein crops were conducted in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Total dry matter production, grain yield, residues, N concentrations and mineral N in the soil were measured. Dry matter production and distribution as well as N uptake and residues varied greatly among species and between years. In 1993, oil crops gave up to 3 t ha⁻¹ grain and 16 t ha⁻¹ residues with sunflower, while in 1994 up to 5 and 11 t ha⁻¹, respectively, were recorded with winter rape. Protein crops showed an opposite reaction in years. Nitrogen uptake and residual N amounts were correlated with dry matter production. Plant residues of oil crops contained 20–140 kg N ha⁻¹; those of protein crops up to 80 kg N ha⁻¹. Despite the variation of residual plant N the variability of mineral N in the soil at harvest was hardly influenced by crops and amounted to only 20–50 kg NO⁻₃-N ha⁻¹.     

我国蔬菜产业和科学技术的发展与展望

1　我国蔬菜产业的发展现状蔬菜是人们日常生活中不可缺少的副食品,也是我国目前种植业中最具活力的经济作物。改革开放以来,随着市场经济的发展,农产品产销体制的不断改革和完善,特别是1988年实施“菜篮子工程”以来,蔬菜产业得到了蓬勃发展。1.1　播种面积1987~1999年,全国蔬菜播种面积由533.3万hm²,发展到1333.3万hm²,增长139.5%。1.2　总产量1987~1999年,全国蔬菜总产量由1.55亿t增加到4.05亿t,增长161.3%,使年人均鲜菜占有量达到330.7kg(世界各国人均105kg……     

向日葵抗盐碱生理生化机制与生长发育特性分析

以Y05-222A和Y06-136R杂交得到的135株F₂群体为研究材料,测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）等6个生理指标,并进行方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析,对F₂群体进行偏度及峰度分析。结果显示,以上6个生理指标在F₂群体中P>0.05,分布频率符合正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象;相关性分析和通径分析显示,这些指标与抗盐碱系数均呈极显著相关（正相关或负相关）,且相关系数与总间接通径系数方向一致。POD活性的直接通径系数为0.5003,可见POD直接影响抗盐碱性;CAT活性和Pro含量的直接通径系数分别为-0.1317和-0.0384,间接影响抗盐碱性;SOD活性、MDA及可溶性蛋白含量直接或间接影响抗盐碱性。POD、SOD、Pro、CAT、可溶性蛋白和MDA各生理指标的抗盐碱作用表现为POD>CAT>Pro>可溶性蛋白>MDA>SOD。叶片数、株高、茎粗和盘径与抗盐碱系数呈极显著正相关,其相关性表现为叶片数>盘径>株高>茎粗。以上结果可为研究油用向日葵抗盐碱性提供一定的理论基础。     

Approaches and Applications of Chemomics and Chemoinformatics

Some novel concepts of chemomics/molomics are proposed including hydrocarbomics, alcophenomics, carboxomics, pepitomics, metabonomics, etc. like genomics, protomics and glycomics in bioomics. Some examples are given to demonstrate the chemomics and/or molomics methodology and technology based chemoinformatics and bioinformatics and their wide applications in Chemistry and Biology.     

On Fengshui and Rockery and Water Layout

Definition of Fengshui and the theories of selecting mountain and water environment in Fengshui were elaborated. Theories about mountain-water relationship were expounded from the perspective of piling of rockeries and layout of water, a residential area in Hefei City, Beijing Olympics Park, Hangzhou Prince Bay Park, mineral pit of Shanghai Chenshan Botanic Garden, Beijing Beihai Park, Shanghai Changfeng Park were taken for example to demonstrate the influence of traditional rockery and mountain layout in Fengshui on modern landscape design.     

果蔬食品的褐变与控制

结合生产实际,对果蔬食品产生褐变的机理及其控制途径进行探讨。通过遗传学途径,培育果蔬新品种,使之不含易氧化变色物质,增强其天然抗褐变性,是控制果蔬褐变的根本途径。     

Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear

Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection.