中药复方制剂抗鸡球虫效果的研究

近年来，我国许多兽因临床工作者在应用中草药防治鸡球虫病的生产实践中，已取得良好效果。一些研究表明，中草药不仅有抑杀球虫的作用，而且还能增强鸡体的免疫功能，促进鸡的生长发育，提高增重率和生产性能。为了探讨中药对鸡球虫病的防治效果，试验以中兽医理论为指导，用中药组方，对鸡人工感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫进行了防治，取得了较好的效果，现将结果报道如下。     

影响鸡球虫疫苗使用的因素和注意事项

鸡球虫的免疫预防已有近80年的历史，20世纪20年代Tyzzer等发现鸡在自然感染球虫后可获得对再感染的高度抵抗力，表明鸡可对球虫产生免疫力。鸡球虫免疫是体液免疫、细胞免疫、局部免疫积极参与的综合免疫。     

中药球虫散对雏鸡球虫病防治效果评价

球虫病是对雏鸡危害较严重的一种寄生虫病，当球虫裂殖体在肠上皮细胞大量繁殖，可使感染鸡的消化功能紊乱，肠黏膜出血，继发肠道感染以及自体中毒，致使感染鸡血液生理指标发生不同程度的改变，所以对球虫病鸡血液生理指标的检测，是评定药物效果的一项重要指标。为此，笔者对人工感染14日龄雏鸡进行了中药制剂球虫散对感染球虫雏鸡部分血液指标监测，对其抗球虫球虫的效果进行了评定，结果表明，球虫散在治疗球虫病过程中具有安全可靠、疗效高、取材广泛、药费低廉等特点，从而达到既能驱球虫又能增强鸡体抵抗力的功能。     

川楝子治疗鸡球虫病的药效研究

选用川楝子治疗鸡球虫病及其对机体免疫力影响的研究,通过测定用药前后球虫虫卵数量的变化,以及测定用药前后血清和胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊组织匀浆中NO、NOS、SOD、MDA含量,结果为川楝子组血清和胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊组织匀浆中NO、NOS、SOD、MDA含量都较球虫感染对照组差异显著(P0.05)或差异极显著(P0.01);川楝子组对鸡免疫器官胸腺、脾、法氏囊指数指数均较球虫感染对照组差异显著或差异极显著。说明川楝子治疗鸡球虫病效果明显,且能够促进鸡免疫器官的发育和增强机体的免疫力,为研究驱杀球虫中药对免疫功能的影响提供了一种可行性的方法。     

禽用中药添加剂的研究——对雏鸡增重、部分免疫功能及抗球虫感染的影响

将60只1日龄海塞克斯公雏随机分为3组,第1组饲喂的全价饲料中添加3%禽用中草药添加剂;第2、3组饲喂全价雏鸡饲料;第3组至12日龄时,经口接种鸡艾美尔球虫20万。结果表明,饲喂21天后,添加剂组较对照组的活体增重、饲料报酬和血清球蛋白含量分别提高15.73%、10.2%和13%以上;15日龄时添加剂组与对照组间的胸腺重量呈极显著差异(P<0.01)。人工感染球虫结果表明,本添加剂对鸡艾美尔球虫有一定的抑制作用,能减轻人工感染球虫病鸡的病理损害,抑制球虫在体内的发育,减少肠道和粪中的球虫数量。     

球必妥口服液的安全性评价

耐药虫株的出现和药物在肉蛋中的残留是用化学药物防治鸡球虫病需要解决的两大难题。因中药具有毒副作用小和抑杀球虫、增强机体免疫功能及促进生长等优点,尤其是鸡球虫对其不易产生耐药性和无残留,中药成为替代化学抗球虫药的主要途径之一。本试验根据中医理论、辩证理论和鸡球虫发病特点,组成中药复方,应用中药口服液制作工艺制成了球必妥,防治球虫病效果良好。为了评价球必妥的安全性,为临床用药提供保     

中药鸡球虫散超微粉对鸡球虫病的疗效研究

以15日龄817肉杂鸡为试验动物,研究中药鸡球虫散超微粉对人工感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的疗效。试验共设7个组：中药超微粉2％、1％、0．5％拌料给药组、中药普通粉（2％）拌料给药组、地克珠利组、感染不给药对照组和不感染不给药对照组。结果显示：中药超微粉2％拌料组、超微粉1％拌料组和地克珠利组抗球虫指数（AcI）分别为196．4、184．6、182．8,抗球虫效果优秀;中药普通粉组（2％拌料）和超微粉组（0．5％拌料）的ACl分别为174．2和169．0．抗球虫效果良好。     

中药对柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染鸡外周血T细胞亚群的影响

为研究中药对柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染鸡免疫水平的影响,本实验采用流式细胞技术检测柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染鸡外周血CD4+T细胞亚群,以及CD8+T细胞亚群数目的动态变化。结果表明,接种球虫后,感染给中药组鸡CD4+、CD8+T细胞亚群数目及百分比(CD4+T/CD8+T)均高于感染不给药组,9d时,感染给中药组最高,分别为9.77和7.53,与感染不给药组差异显著(p0.05)。感染球虫组CD4+T/CD8+T比值均低于不感染组,感染给中药组在接种后第6d和第9d均高于感染不给药组。感染给中药组、不感染给中药组和不感染不给药组CD4+T/CD8+T平均值均在2-1之间,分别为1.11、1.33和1.25,而感染不给药组仅为0.93。     

盐霉素与中药联合用药抗鸡球虫病的疗效试验

将150只12日龄鸡随机分为5组,人工感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫,以鸡平均增重率、盲肠病变记分、卵囊值和抗球虫指数等指标为参数,综合评价中药和盐霉素单独及联合应用的抗球虫效果。研究结果表明:盐霉素组抗球虫指数为159.5,抗球虫效果中等;中药组抗球虫指数为181.5,抗球虫效果优秀;中药和盐霉素联合用药组的抗球虫指数为200.2,抗球虫效果也为优秀。试验证明中药和盐霉素联合用药效果要好于中药和盐霉素单独用药的效果。     

H9N2亚型禽流感流行株灭活疫苗种毒的筛选

为研究中药对柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染鸡免疫水平的影响,本实验采用流式细胞技术检测柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染鸡外周血CD4^＋T细胞亚群,以及CD8^＋T细胞亚群数目的动态变化。结果表明,接种球虫后,     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。