转向系参数对汽车自激摆振多极限环特性影响研究

为研究转向系参数对干摩擦诱发的汽车自激摆振多极限环特性影响,以在一定车速下具有多频多幅摆振独立悬架汽车为样车,将悬架与转向系统运动副间隙处干摩擦等效到前轮主销处,应用拉格朗日方程建立了干摩擦主导型的汽车摆振系统3自由度模型。基于上述模型,在数值计算时轮胎选用魔术公式,而干摩擦模型选用Stefanski-Wojewoda动态模型。结果表明,该样车在一定车速下因初始激励的不同而会出现不同幅值的自激摆振;横拉杆刚度和主销处的干摩擦力矩均对自激摆振系统的分岔区间有较大影响。分析结果可为抑制该类型汽车自激摆振提供理论参考。     

独立悬架汽车转向系多极限环自激摆振研究

针对汽车转向轮摆振引起的转向系振动,以某国产独立悬架汽车为原型,运用拉格朗日方程建立转向摆振系统六自由度模型。摆振系统模型中选用魔术公式轮胎模型以及滞后环干摩擦模型,运用数值方法分析转向系横向刚度和阻尼对摆振特性的影响。结果表明,随横向刚度和阻尼的增大,单极限环区间逐渐缩小直至消失,多极限环区间逐渐扩大,但是整个摆振区间缩小,并且各自由度摆振峰值减小。研究结果为减小汽车多极限环自激摆振提供了理论参考。     

汽车整车稳定性的Hopf分岔特性数值分析

以独立悬架汽车为研究对象,利用分析力学方法,建立整车扩展的三自由度操纵模型,利用常微分方程稳定性理论和数值分析,对具有不同转向特性汽车的自激型摆振分岔特性进行了分析。研究表明:具有不同转向特性汽车在一定的参数组合下都会表现出自激型摆振的性质,即自激型摆振是一种非线性动力学Hopf分岔后出现的稳定极限环振动现象。     

考虑车身侧倾的4WS汽车横向稳定性与Hopf分岔特性

四轮转向汽车与传统前轮转向相比,能增加车辆高速行驶稳定性和低速转向灵敏性。车身侧倾时轮荷转移会改变轮胎侧偏特性,从而影响4WS汽车横向稳定性及分岔特性,为此研究了考虑车身与底盘的非线性耦合,建立了考虑车身侧倾时轮荷转移的3-DOF闭环系统动力学模型,先定性判定系统Hopf分岔存在性与稳定性,再运用数值方法计算系统的稳定区域与Hopf分岔特性。并与2-DOF闭环系统平面模型对比,结果表明,2种模型计算结果有明显区别。对于3-DOF系统,随着预瞄距离、前后轮转角比例系数的增大,系统稳定区域会增大;随着前后轮转角比例系数的增大,汽车侧倾角、侧倾角速度的自激振动极限环幅值呈减小的趋势。     

基于ADAMS油菜联合收获机割刀驱动机构的仿真

用ADAMS 软件建立了4-LYZ油菜联合收获机横割刀驱动机构(摆环机构)的运动模型和竖割刀驱动机构(曲柄滑块机构)的虚拟样机模型.通过仿真测量得到横、竖割刀驱动机构在运动时对机架的激振力,仿真结果表明:横割刀往复运动时,作用在摆环箱上的载荷为简谐载荷,Fx的幅值为3 200N,且远远大于Fy;竖割上下运动时作用在割台框架上的激振力呈余弦变化Fy远远大于Fx,且Fy的幅值为2 637N.该仿真结果为割台框架的动力学分析提供了依据.     

含运动副间隙汽车摆振系统非线性动力学建模

机构运动副间隙对系统动力学响应有重要影响,有必要将转向机构运动副间隙引入汽车摆振系统动力学分析。基于非线性系统动力学,应用拉格朗日方程建立了考虑转向机构运动副间隙的六自由度摆振动力学模型。通过仿真分析讨论了车速对前轮摆振的影响,结果表明在特定车速范围内前轮会发生自激摆振,这与实际情况吻合,验证了模型的正确性。     

汽车前轮低速摆振和高速摆振的分析

前轮摆振是普遍出现在汽车上的一个相当复杂的振动现象,根据表现特性不同,前轮摆振分为高速摆振和低速摆振,前者属于自激型摆振,后者属于强迫型摆振.根据国内外前轮摆振研究所取得的成果,阐述了高速摆振和低速摆振的故障现象,通过建立理论模型分析了自激型摆振发生的机理,即产生“负阻尼”的原因,并指出两种形式的摆振的表现特征,最后,从车轮平衡度、转向系、悬架刚度和阻尼、轮胎的侧向刚度、前轮定位参数4个方面分析了前轮摆振的影响因素,并提出了克服的办法.     

拖拉机前轮摆振的机理、影响因素及衡量指标

本文根据三种机型的试验结果,认为前轮摆振可分为随机振动、强迫振动、自激振动三种类型,得出了严重的摆振是由于自激振动所引起的结论。在讨论输入和阻尼机理的基础上,提出了用振幅大小和起振门槛值作为衡量摆振大小和抗御摆振能力的衡量指标。根据机理和试验结果,讨论了前轮前束、主销后倾、主销内倾、前轮偏距、轮胎气压、轮胎载荷及行驶速度、挂钩牵引力八个因素对摆振的影响,提出了防止前轮摆振的结构措施。     

拖拉机前轮摆振及稳定性判定

本文分析了拖拉机前轮摆振的原因,详细地分析了轮胎在摆振中的动特性,得出了摆振中轮胎变形滞后于车轮转角形成印迹角,推导了印迹角与摆振关系的表达式,论证了前人提出的轮胎动特性是引起摆振主要原因的结论;提出了摆振中外倾角变化所产生的陀螺力矩,这个力矩是引起拖拉机摆振的原因之一;提出了前束削弱主销阻尼,这也是引起摆振的一个原因。文中分析了主销阻尼的影响因素及与摆振的关系。 文中用两个自由度力学模型分析了拖拉机摆振,认为拖拉机摆振主要是自激振动,进而提出了拖拉机前轮摆振稳定性判定的简捷方法。     

马铃薯收获机振动筛动力学行为分析

指出了振动筛是马铃薯收获机的关键部件。通过建立振动筛动力学方程,对振动筛的动态特性进行分析,并着重分析激振频率对振动筛振动幅值的影响规律。通过分析发现,当激振频率近似等于振动筛固有频率时会导致振动筛在垂直方向的振动幅值显著增大,从而有可能会降低振动筛的使用寿命。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。