RGB与HSI颜色空间下番茄图像分割的对比研究

针对番茄收获机器人视觉系统在自然光照条件下对田间成熟番茄图像进行分割的问题,研究了基于(R-G)色差特征的阈值分割方法和基于HSI颜色空间H色调的统计阈值分割方法,并对其进行了对比分析。在RGB颜色空间,首先提取了RGB彩色图像的R、G分量并做代数减运算得到色差灰度图像RG,然后对该色差灰度图像RG使用Otsu阈值法进行自适应分割;在HIS颜色空间下,统计番茄与叶子的H色调分布差异,然后对H色调灰度图像进行阈值分割。通过大量试验表明:基于(R-G)色差特征的阈值分割方法能够实现自适应阈值处理,能对不同自然光照强度下的生长状态为相互分离的多目标番茄图像进行有效分割;同时,对番茄的成熟度及品种差异也具有很好的鲁棒性,其性能大大优于基于HSI颜色空间H色调的统计阈值分割。     

基于改进Hough圆变换算法的成熟番茄果实识别

Hough圆变换算法可以解决成熟番茄果实识别问题,但计算量较大,且由于番茄非标准球形、多果重叠、茎叶遮挡等问题,识别准确率有待进一步提高,因此本文对其改进,设计一种实现番茄收获机器人视觉系统的成熟果实识别算法.首先对采集到的图像下采样,以减少计算量;然后进行基于颜色信息的背景分割,得到成熟番茄果实为目标的二值图像;并在...     

夜间自然环境下荔枝采摘机器人识别技术

利用机器视觉实现自然环境下成熟荔枝的识别,对农业采摘机器人的研究与发展具有重要意义。本文首先设计了夜间图像采集的视觉系统,然后选取了白天和夜间两种自然环境下采集荔枝图像,分析了同一串荔枝在白天自然光照与夜间LED光照下的颜色数据,确定了YIQ颜色模型进行夜间荔枝果实识别的可行性。首先选择夜间荔枝图像的I分量图,利用Otsu算法分割图像去除背景,然后使用模糊C均值聚类算法分割果实和果梗图像,得到荔枝果实图像;再利用Hough圆拟合方法检测出图像中的各个荔枝果实。荔枝识别试验结果表明:夜间荔枝图像识别的正确率为95.3%,识别算法运行的平均时间为0.46 s。研究表明,该算法对夜间荔枝的识别有较好的准确性和实时性,为荔枝采摘机器人的视觉定位方法提供了技术支持。     

基于HIS颜色特征的田间成熟番茄识别技术

研究了一种基于HIS颜色特征的田间成熟番茄识别技术。将计算机视觉系统获取的番茄RGB图像转换成HIS图像，通过统计H、I、S分量的灰度分布找出成熟番茄、未成熟番茄和叶子(枝干)灰度分布差别；然后根据H分量的灰度分布用阈值法分割出成熟番茄区域；经过空洞填充后，计算出番茄质心坐标。该方法对田间成熟番茄之间相互分离的情况有很好的识别效果。     

基于最小二乘法的温室番茄垄间视觉导航路径检测

针对温室非结构作业环境和复杂背景下作业机器人路径识别检测问题开展研究。在HSI颜色空间分析番茄垄间道路图像在各分量的分布特性,提出了基于机器视觉的垄间加热管敏感区域提取方法,依据I分量直方图采用最大类间方差法进行图像自适应阈值分割,对分割后二值图像利用目标区域的边缘提取算法获得导航离散点簇。根据最小二乘法原理对导航离散点簇拟合得到2条加热管边缘线,在此基础上给出中心导航基准线检测算法,并针对光照不均和作物遮挡对导航路径检测进行了实验。实验表明,与Hough变换算法相比,该算法简单快速,对光照不均具有良好的鲁棒性,能够准确提取目标敏感区域的边缘信息,对不同遮盖率番茄垄间导航路径提取正确率达91.67%。     

基于计算机视觉系统的番茄特征提取

针对实际番茄特征提取环境复杂情况的问题,提出了针对不同环境应用不同颜色模型来进行阈值分割的方法。通过应用改进的n R-G、YUV两种颜色模型对不同实验环境采集的图像进行阈值分割,并结合canny边缘提取算法、fitzgibbon椭圆拟合算法提取得出番茄像素坐标与像素尺寸,以此完成番茄特征提取。为得出各种颜色模型适用环境等特点,对比各种颜色模型在光线充足果实未被遮挡、光线充足果实部分遮挡和光线较弱果实未被遮挡3种情况下特征提取成功率,并比较3种颜色模型在光线充足果实未被遮挡情况下对采集图像的降噪能力。实验结果表明:n R-G颜色模型适用于采集图像噪声较小的实验环境,对于光线较弱的实验环境该模型表现出较高且稳定的特征提取成功率;YUV颜色模型表现出对含噪图像具有较为稳定的降噪能力,且对光线较强的实验环境表现出较高的特征提取成功率。     

基于达芬奇平台的联合收获机视觉导航系统路径识别

针对联合收获机视觉导航对实时性及鲁棒性要求,采用了基于达芬奇平台的路径识别算法实现方案.在分析小麦收获视频图像纹理度量的基础上,提出了基于改进平滑度纹理特征的视觉导航路径识别算法.该算法利用水平方向上图像平滑度纹理特征,把原亮度图像转换成水平方向平滑度图像,然后采用自适应阈值分割图像的边界点,最后通过Hough变换确定视觉导航的路径.为验证该算法在达芬奇平台的运行效果,对联合收获机田间收获小麦进行导航实验.结果表明:算法运行实时性高,识别路径平均速度可达28.6帧/s;算法鲁棒性好,对多种环境下的路径识别有较好的适应性;算法运行稳定可靠,持续运行时间无限制.     

基于多源图像融合的自然环境下番茄果实识别

蔬果采摘机器人面对的自然场景复杂多变,为准确识别和分割目标果实,实现高成功率采收,提出基于多源图像融合的识别方法。首先,针对在不同自然场景下单图像通道信息不充分问题,提出融合RGB图像、深度图像和红外图像的多源信息融合方法,实现了机器人能够适应自然环境中不同光线条件的番茄果实。其次,针对传统机器学习训练样本标注低效问题,提出聚类方法对样本进行辅助快速标注,完成模型训练;最终,建立扩展Mask R-CNN深度学习算法模型,进行采摘机器人在线果实识别。实验结果表明,扩展Mask R-CNN算法模型在测试集中的检测准确率为98.3%、交并比为0.916,可以满足番茄果实识别要求;在不同光线条件下,与Otsu阈值分割算法相比,扩展Mask R-CNN算法模型能够区分粘连果实,分割结果清晰完整,具有更强的抗干扰能力。     

基于高斯自适应拟合的苹果目标分割方法研究

苹果目标的准确识别是苹果机械化采摘需要解决的关键问题之一。为此,基于YUV颜色空间模型,提出了一种结合色差分量与高斯自适应拟合算法的苹果目标分割方法。该方法采用首先将苹果目标由RGB颜色空间转换至YUV颜色空间,并利用色差分量V建立果实与背景分割的高斯分布拟合模型,根据拟合结果自动获取分割阈值,以实现自然场景下苹果目标的准确分割。为了验证文中算法的有效性,利用多幅图像进行了试验并与Otsu自适应阈值分割算法进行了比较。试验结果表明,采用文中算法得到的苹果果实的平均检出率达87.08%,识别率领先Otsu算法9.91%。因此,对于着色度较为均匀的苹果目标,采用高斯自适应拟合方法可以有效提高其识别率。     

自然场景下成熟水果的计算机视觉识别

研究在自然场景下成熟水果的识别技术。比较HSI颜色空间转换的几种方法：球体法、柱体法和双锥体法等。球形：HSI颜色转换系统在本研究中产生较少的奇异数据,被采用。将图像的RGB值转换成色调、饱和度和亮度值,并将色调和饱和度结合产生融合图像,以消除地表、天空等背景的影响。利用Otsu算法自动获取分割阈值,提取目标区域。将提取的区域形态特征进一步分割图像,去除与颜色类似的枯叶和其他背景,提取成熟水果区域,分割效果显著。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。