可持续发展是草地畜牧业的必由之路--来自多伦县的调查报告

增加草地畜牧业生产的科技含量是提高畜牧业生产水平的有效途径;建立健全良种繁育体系、防疫体系、饲料加工和供应体系、产品收购和加工体系,为农牧民提供优良的产前、产中和产后全程的系列化服务,是广大农牧民的迫切要求,也是科学技术推广能否成功的重要因素.多伦县浅耕翻保护播种技术、牧草青贮技术、草田轮作制、秸秆氨化技术、黄牛冷配改良技术和家畜新品种的成功推广以及人工草地种植的成功经验证明,可持续发展是草地畜牧业的必由之路,实用新技术的推广应用则成为实现草地畜牧业可持续发展的必要保障.     

祁连县农牧区畜用暖棚建设效益调查报告

近年来,祁连县立足高原冷凉气候特点,积极探索高寒草地现代生态畜牧业发展新路子、新途径,坚持走科学养畜、建设养畜的之路,大力推广暖棚饲养、饲草料种植及秸秆氨化、青贮、加工等技术,从"靠天养畜"向"科技兴牧、生态兴牧、产业兴牧"转轨,促进了农牧区经济发展和农牧民收入的稳步增长。现将建设效益调查情况报告如下:     

锡林郭勒盟退化草地治理与提高草地畜牧业生产力的措施

在调查研究锡林郭勒盟退化草地现状和草地畜牧业生产中主要问题的基础上,遵循西部大开发"以改善生态环境为核心"的战略方针;主张有效地加速治理退化草地,摒弃"头数畜牧业"传统观念和做法,提倡草地畜牧业生产的集约化经营方式.为此,初步提出治理退化草地和促进草地畜牧业生产持续发展的主要措施.     

措美县天然草原征用占用现状调查

措美县草地畜牧业经济的持续发展直接关系到农牧民的切身利益,农牧民增收是我们党实践"三个代表"重要思想,是坚持执政为民理念的重要体现。基于此,作者主要对措美县天然草原征用占用现状调查情况与对策进行了探讨。     

丹巴县发展养羊业的对策

丹巴县是大渡河流域水系发源地,水、热条件十分丰富,自然生态垂直分布特征明显,草地植物种类繁多,农牧民有利用荒山、荒坡和林间灌木林养羊的悠久历史.养羊生产是丹巴县畜牧业的重要组成部分,也是广大农牧民家庭经济的支柱和优势产业.     

贵州晴隆县种草养畜治理石漠化的效果、存在问题及对策

石漠化地区面临环境和贫困的双重挑战,发展草地畜牧业是改善区域生态环境和促进区域经济发展的最有效方式,但在脆弱的立地背景下依然存在诸多问题,影响草地工程实施效果与区域的可持续发展。通过将近年晴隆县石漠化工程治理情况及数据进行归纳和分析,以"晴隆模式"为切入点总结出种草养畜在石漠化地区推广过程中存在的主要问题。结合实践与调查提出针对性对策,不仅为后续石漠化草地治理工程提供建议,而且为南方草地畜牧业可持续发展提供借鉴,同时也为进一步推广和发展草地畜牧业的"晴隆模式"提供思路。     

新饲玉13号青贮专用玉米高产栽培技术

随着国家西部大开发政策的实施,新疆各地都加快了农业产业结构调整的步伐,饲草料生产在农牧业生产中的重要作用日益突出。传统草地畜牧业生产由于草地退化,畜草矛盾尖锐,加之草原建设滞后,生产经营管理粗放。牲畜个体和单位草场产出率不高,在这种自然、社会环境条件下,难免牲畜陷入“夏活、秋肥、冬瘦、春死”的恶性循环之中。严重地影响畜牧业经济效益的提高和稳定发展及广大农牧民生产、生活条件的改善,因此调整传统的农作物种植结构。建立农牧结合三元种植模式,种草养畜是高效畜牧业生产必由之路。     

湖北省肉牛肉羊形成产业带

<正>从湖北省牛羊产业协会获悉,湖北省已基本形成汉江流域、清江流域肉牛产业带和秦巴山区、大别山区的肉羊产业带。牛羊产业是畜牧业中的"朝阳产业"。从发展条件看,湖北省处于长江中游,气候温暖潮湿,地形以山区、丘陵、平原为主,自然条件优越。据全国草地资源调查统计资料显示,湖北省草地约占南方14个省区草地总面积的8%以上,全省草地总面积达     

乌兰县生态畜牧业发展的思路及措施

<正>乌兰县是一个以牧为主农牧结合的县,畜牧业是全县农牧区经济的支柱产业,也是农牧民群众赖以生存和发展的基础产业。加快畜牧业发展是当前乌兰县农牧区经济发展的客观要求,是增加农牧民收入的正确选择。在实现科学发展、建设生态文明的今天,以生态畜牧业发展的理念组织畜牧业生产,努力把发展草地生态畜牧业作为农牧业和农牧区经济结构战略性调整的突破口,对于促进乌兰县畜牧业     

乌兰县生态畜牧业发展的思路及措施

<正>乌兰县是一个以牧为主农牧结合的县,畜牧业是全县农牧区经济的支柱产业,也是农牧民群众赖以生存和发展的基础产业。加快畜牧业发展是当前乌兰县农牧区经济发展的客观要求,是增加农牧民收入的正确选择。在实现科学发展、建设生态文明的今天,以生态畜牧业发展的理念组织畜牧业生产,努力把发展草地生态畜牧业作为农牧业和农牧区经济结构战略性调整的突破口,对于促进乌兰县畜牧业     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -