L-天冬氨酸纳米钙促进油菜生长的机理机制

为揭示外源L-天冬氨酸纳米钙[Ca (L-asp)-NPs]对作物生长的影响,以油菜为供试材料,通过水培试验,研究了不同浓度(0、25、50、75、100 mg·L^-1)的Ca (L-asp)-NPs和钙离子[1.18 g·L^-1 Ca (NO₃)₂·4H₂O]对植株生物量、根系形态、钙含量、叶绿素、光合参数、丙二醛和可溶性蛋白含量的影响。结果表明:较低浓度(25、50 mg·L^-1)的Ca (L-asp)-NPs对油菜生长影响不显著,较高浓度(100 mg·L^-1)的Ca (L-asp)-NPs会提高植株生物量(如株高和根长)。与不施钙相比,Ca (L-asp)-NPs施用会促进油菜根系的生长,增加叶绿素含量,提高叶片光合速率,100 mg·L^-1 Ca (L-asp)-NPs处理下油菜总根长、总表面积和根尖数分别增加了76.08%、30.78%和1 107.31%;净光合速率、胞间CO₂浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率则分别提高了295.31%、31.90%、1 158.03%和376.74%。另外,Ca (L-asp)-NPs的施用会降低叶片丙二醛含量,提高可溶性蛋白含量。研究表明,外源Ca (L-asp)-NPs可以作为纳米肥料为油菜补充钙营养,100 mg·L^-1 Ca (L-asp)-NPs对油菜生长的促进效果最佳,油菜长势最接近于适宜钙水平。Ca (L-asp)-NPs具有作为新型纳米钙肥料在农业生产中推广的潜力。     

Fast extracellular calcium transients: involvement in epileptic processes

Improved liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes made possible the observation of large, rapid decreases in the concentration of extracellular calcium ions during single epileptic spikes. Moreover, in definite cortical layers the decreases regularly started shortly before the onset of each epileptic spike. In view of the prominent role played by extracellular calcium ions in neuronal processes, including transmitter release and membrane excitability, these alterations probably exert a profound influence on the cellular events underlying epileptiform activity.     

Subcellular calcium transients visualized by confocal microscopy in a voltage-clamped vertebrate neuron

Confocal laser-scanned microscopy and long-wavelength calcium (Ca2+) indicators were combined to monitor both sustained and rapidly dissipating Ca2+ gradients in voltage-clamped sympathetic neurons isolated from the bullfrog. After a brief activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ spreads inwardly, and reaches the center of these spherical cells in about 300 milliseconds. Although the Ca2+ redistribution in the bulk of the cytosol could be accounted for with a radial diffusion model, local nonlinearities, suggesting either nonuniform Ca2+ entry or spatial buffering, could be seen. After electrical stimulation, Ca2+ signals in the nucleus were consistently larger and decayed more slowly than those in the cytosol. A similar behavior was observed when release of intracellular Ca2+ was induced by caffeine, suggesting that in both cases large responses originate from Ca2+ release sites near or within the nucleus. These results are consistent with an amplification mechanism involving Ca2(+)-induced Ca2+ release, which could be relevant to activity-dependent, Ca2(+)-regulated nuclear events.     

Cytosolic-free calcium transients in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells: microfluorometric measurements

Microfluorometric recordings were made of changes in the concentration of cytosolic-free calcium in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells treated with quin 2, an intracellularly trapped dye, under several conditions. Nitroglycerin decreased calcium in both the presence and absence of extracellular calcium and strongly and progressively decreased the extent of transient increases in calcium induced by repeated applications of caffeine in the absence of extracellular calcium. Therefore nitroglycerin probably decreases cytosolic-free calcium by accelerating the extrusion of calcium through the sarcolemmal membrane.     

Suppression of neurite elongation and growth cone motility by electrical activity

Electrical activity may regulate a number of neuronal functions in addition to its role in transmitting signals along nerve cells. The hypothesis that electrical activity affects neurite elongation in sprouting neurons was tested by stimulating individual snail neurons isolated in cell culture. The findings demonstrated that growth cone advance, and thus neurite elongation, is reversibly stopped during periods when action potentials are experimentally evoked. A decrease in filopodial number and growth cone area was also observed. Thus, action potentials can mediate the cessation of neurite outgrowth and thereby may influence structure and connectivity within the nervous system.     

Serotonin selectively inhibits growth cone motility and synaptogenesis of specific identified neurons

The motile activity of growth cones of specific identified neurons is inhibited by the neurotransmitter serotonin, although other identified neurons are unaffected. As a consequence, affected neurons are unable to form electrical synapses, whereas other neurons whose growth is unaffected can still interconnect. This result demonstrates that neurotransmitters can play a prominent role in regulating neuronal architecture and connectivity in addition to their classical role in neurotransmission.     

Fatty acids identified in the Burmese python promote beneficial cardiac growth

Burmese pythons display a marked increase in heart mass after a large meal. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of this physiological heart growth with the goal of applying this knowledge to the mammalian heart. We found that heart growth in pythons is characterized by myocyte hypertrophy in the absence of cell proliferation and by activation of physiological signal transduction pathways. Despite high levels of circulating lipids, the postprandial python heart does not accumulate triglycerides or fatty acids. Instead, there is robust activation of pathways of fatty acid transport and oxidation combined with increased expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, a cardioprotective enzyme. We also identified a combination of fatty acids in python plasma that promotes physiological heart growth when injected into either pythons or mice.     

修枝促接干对泡桐叶片生长影响的研究

为揭示修枝促接干影响泡桐枝叶干相对生长关系的效应,采用全株测定方法对4年生修枝促接干和对照泡桐叶片的生长状况进行测定. 结果表明,修枝促接干对泡桐叶片生长的影响极为明显,表现在从单叶到单枝、冠层和全株等各级层面. ①使单叶的干重和面积明显提高,在树冠下层分别提高26.54%、28.78%,在树冠上层分别提高19.93%、23.71%,且有减小上下冠层间差异性的趋势. ②使单枝的叶片数、叶干重和叶面积在树冠下层分别提高48.59%、99.62%和98.51%,而在树冠上层分别降低33.29%、20.56%和17.59%,冠层间的差异性明显降低. ③使树冠上层的叶片数、叶干重和叶面积分别降低62.30%、55.10%和53.42%,同时使树冠下层的叶片数降低16.45%,而叶干重和叶面积反而分别提高12.22%和 11.61%,进而使全株的叶片数、叶干重和叶面积分别降低32.29%、22.88%和20.59%. ④修枝促接干使泡桐的侧枝数在树冠上层和下层均明显减少,但由于促进了新接干的形成和下层侧枝的发育和生长,其叶片数、叶干重和叶面积在总体上的降低幅度较小.      

Estrogen-induced factors of breast cancer cells partially replace estrogen to promote tumor growth

The hormone 17 beta-estradiol acts through its receptor system to induce MCF-7 human breast cancer cells to form tumors in athymic mice. In vitro studies have identified the production of estrogen-induced growth factors from MCF-7 cells that may have a role in growth control. These induced growth factors were sufficient to stimulate MCF-7 tumor growth in ovariectomized athymic mice, thus partially replacing estradiol. Growth factors may act as estrogen-induced "second messengers" in estrogen-responsive growth of human breast cancer.     

以诚取信 以质立信 求企业发展

市场经济是法制经济,也是诚信经济.随着我国社会主义市场经济建设的不断深入,"诚信"这一老话题又重归人们的视野,得到大家的广泛关注.西方有个说法,"诚信是最好的竞争手段".中国也有句古话,叫"无信不立".诚信环境的恶化,会使经济发展和社会进步受到制约.假冒伪劣商品充斥市场、合同不能腹行、各种欺诈横行等等,关于诚信丧失的例子,在社会生活中可谓不胜枚举.它对我们每个人都造成了很大的伤害.     

不同浓度钙处理对枇杷小苗生长的影响

设置不同钙浓度研究其对枇杷小苗生长的影响,结果表明:钙离子浓度为0.4 mmol.L-1时枇杷小苗生长较好,低于或高于该浓度对小苗生长均产生不利影响,且低于0.4 mmol.L-1时,株高增幅与钙离子浓度之间具有显著正相关。小苗培养11个月时的茎粗与钙离子浓度间具有极显著正相关;但高于0.4 mmol.L-1时相关性不明显。钙离子浓度低于0.4 mmol.L-1时,各处理间的植株干鲜重、根体积、茎粗和株高增幅差异均达到显著水平。     

钙对黄瓜幼苗生长及抗氧化系统的影响

采用水培法研究了钙对黄瓜幼苗生长及细胞膜抗氧化系统的影响?结果表明,缺钙明显抑制了黄瓜幼苗地上部和根系的生长,尤其对根系的抑制作用较大,并随缺钙时间延长而加强;缺钙降低了幼苗叶片叶绿素含量和根系活力;随着缺钙时间的延长,电解质渗透率和MDA含量上升,SOD活性下降,膜脂过氧化作用加强。表明钙对维持黄瓜幼苗生长和细胞膜抗氧化过程起着重要作用。     

钙对东方百合生长和开花的影响

采用室内光照砂培盆栽培养试验,研究钙营养对东方百合生长和开花的影响。结果表明:在10月23日(出苗32 d)现蕾以前,缺钙处理与加钙处理对植株生长无显著差异;但从10月23日(出苗32 d)现蕾开始,2处理植株生长差异显著,缺钙处理植株同加钙处理的相比,表现为植株生长缓慢,花蕾脱落,植株矮小,开始出现叶烧现象,而后叶烧越来越严重。从11月22日(出苗62 d)蕾膨大开始,缺钙处理植株的根冠比显著高于加钙处理;植株生物量显著低于加钙处理。供应钙从10月23日(出苗32 d)现蕾开始,对百合生长是有利的,可以减少叶烧的发生,同时改善百合切花的品质。     

土壤交换性钙水平对烤烟生长发育的影响

对烟草进行施用钙肥盆栽试验,结果表明,烟苗移栽后35 d,土壤交换性钙含量为1 142.33 mg.kg-1(Ca7)处理的株高、茎围、叶片数均较多,分别为21.75 cm、3.93 cm和7.75片.株-1;烟苗移栽后75 d,以Ca7处理的株高、茎围、最大叶长和最大叶宽均较多,分别为76.70 cm、5.37 cm、37.67 cm和17.00 cm。随着土壤交换性钙含量增加,烟株的生育期相应推迟2~7 d。成熟期烟株的烟叶和烟根干物质重以Ca7处理的最高,分别为50.83 g.株-1和15.13 g.株-1。因此,在本试验土壤条件下,土壤交换性钙含量为1 142.33 mg.kg-1(Ca7)处理烤烟若干生长发育指标较好。     

科技进步对广西林业经济增长贡献率影响研究

利用C-D生产函数模型,依据2000-2010年统计数据,就科技进步对广西林业经济增长的贡献进行了定量评价.结果表明:2000-2010年林业资本对广西林业经济增长的贡献率较低,而科技进步对经济增长的作用最大.结合目前广西林业发展实际情况,提出了提高广西林业科技进步贡献率的措施和建议,供政府部门决策广西林业发展政策时参考.     

外源L-天冬氨酸纳米钙抑制棉花生长的效应及潜在机制

为探究L-天冬氨酸纳米钙颗粒[Ca(L-asp)-NPs]进入环境后对棉花生长的影响,以鄂抗8号棉花为试验材料,设置0(对照)、25、50、75、100 mg·L^-1共计5个Ca(L-asp)-NPs处理浓度,于华中农业大学盆栽场进行试验,测定干鲜质量、根系形态、钙含量、叶绿素、抗氧化酶、MDA、电导率等指标。结果表明:与对照相比,Ca(L-asp)-NPs处理显著降低了棉花的干鲜质量并抑制根系伸长。根、茎、叶钙含量最大值为7905、13 144、38 117 mg·kg^-1,比对照增加了102%、61%、51%,但钙的转移因子在施入Ca(Lasp)-NPs后显著降低。外源Ca(L-asp)-NPs也显著降低了叶片叶绿素含量以及根系抗氧化酶活性和电导率,除25 mg·L^-1处理外,MDA含量也显著下降。研究表明,Ca(L-asp)-NPs进入环境后会抑制棉花的生理生长,对棉花生长产生抑制作用,同时棉花本身会提升根冠比来适应此胁迫。     

印度梨形孢及其近似种Sebacina vermifera促进番茄生长发育及磷吸收

研究印度梨形孢(Piri formospora indica)及其近似种Sebacina vermifera在番茄上的定殖以及在不同磷水平下对番茄生长发育的影响.结果表明:P.indica和S.vermifera都能够在番茄根系中定殖,并能促进番茄侧根形成,促进植株生长并提高果实产量;在正常供磷和低磷条件下,P indica和S.vermifera促进番茄对磷的吸收,增加植株内磷含量,提高植株对低磷逆境的抵抗能力.说明P.indica和S.vermifera可以作为一种植物生长促进因子和低磷土壤改良因子,具有较高的商业开发前景.     

氯化钙对马铃薯试管苗生长和生理指标的影响

在添加不同浓度(0、3、6、9、12、15mmol/L)氯化钙的MS培养基上,研究了钙对马铃薯栽培品种"新大坪"试管苗的生长和生理指标的影响.结果表明:培养基无钙时,试管苗生长势很弱,其株高、有效茎节数、叶片数、干鲜质量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均较3mmol/L处理(MS正常钙用量)大幅下降.当MS培养基中添加不同浓度的氯化钙后,上述指标均呈先升高后下降的变化趋势,其中以9mmol/L处理的各项指标表现最佳.MS培养基中添加9mmol/L氯化钙是马铃薯栽培品种"新大坪"试管苗生长的最佳钙浓度.     

外源钙对镉胁迫下植物生长及耐镉机制研究

镉(Cd)是一种非必需且含有剧毒的重金属元素,经根系吸收、转运和积累对植物有很强的毒害作用。重金属通常不能被降解,易于通过食物链进行生物累积,从而对生态系统和人类健康构成长期威胁,因此应采取措施降低镉污染问题。钙(Ca)是参与各种植物生理过程所必需的大量营养素,如参与植物的生长发育,光合作用,细胞分裂等。由于Ca和Cd之间的化学相似性,Ca可以调节Cd诱导的植物生理代谢变化,因此研究Ca与Cd在植物体内的交互作用具有重要意义。近期研究表明,Ca作为一种外源物质,通过缓解生长抑制,调节重金属的转运和积累,改善光合作用,减轻氧化损伤,从而保护植物免受Cd胁迫。本文综述了钙在镉胁迫下对植物生长,重金属转运和积累,光合作用及氧化胁迫的影响。