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1.
红原1#泥炭地泥炭性质的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
田丹碧  田定一 《土壤》2004,36(4):442-445
红原县 1#泥炭地是四川省若尔盖高原泥炭区的优良泥炭矿区之一。对该矿主矿段泥炭的品质作了初步综合考察,测定了泥炭的组成和元素的含量,其质量优于若尔盖地区其他的泥炭矿,具有较高的开发价值。  相似文献   

2.
简要讨论稻田甲烷气排放量、某些影响排放量的因素、可能的控制措施以及稻田甲烷气对全球变暖作用的估计等方面的研究情况,并讨论进一步研究的重点。  相似文献   

3.
稻田温度与甲烷排放通量关系的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
稻田温度与CH4 排放通量有密切关系 ,通过灰关联分析发现稻田 5cm深处温度与CH4 排放通量关系最密切 ,水稻抽穗期CH4 排放通量达极大值 ,而完熟期CH4 排放通量达极小值。温度对CH4 排放通量的增效应明显 ,减效应较弱。稻田温度与CH4排放通量的关系呈S型曲线相关关系。  相似文献   

4.
农田土壤是大气甲烷(CH_4)的重要源和汇,以往关于农田CH_4净交换通量的研究多关注水稻、小麦、玉米等作物,而蔬菜地的观测研究不足。本研究采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对亚热带地区一块种植包菜的典型露天蔬菜地开展将近1年的田间原位CH_4通量观测,以揭示蔬菜地CH_4净交换通量的周年变化特征及其影响因素,估算CH_4年累积净交换通量,并定量评估CH_4净交换通量的误差。本试验在包菜地的垄上和垄间同时布设观测点进行CH_4通量观测,并对环境因子进行同步测量,观测期为2016年1月1日至12月8日。结果表明,所研究的蔬菜地为大气CH_4的微弱汇,年平均通量为(-9.9±7.0)μg(C)×m~(-2)×h~(-1),全年累积通量为-0.84kg(C)×hm~(-2),较高的土壤水分条件和高施氮量可能是导致本研究蔬菜地CH_4吸收较弱的主要原因。全年CH_4累积通量的总体误差为-48%~-16%,其中,由于通量计算方法引起的系统误差会使估算的通量偏低32%,年尺度上的随机误差大小为16%,主要来自CH_4通量的空间差异,因此可适当增加空间重复,以减小空间随机误差。研究还发现垄上的CH_4吸收通量显著高于垄间(P0.01),因此在开展农田温室气体通量观测时应兼顾垄上和垄间、种植行和行间等农田管理措施存在显著差异的区域,均布设观测点,避免对通量观测结果造成系统性偏差。  相似文献   

5.
Global efforts to avert climate change cannot succeed without tackling the emission of methane from soil and other ecosystems. Methane is a greenhouse gas that retains heat in the atmosphere and causes global warming. Its production is the last step of organic matter decomposition, and it is produced by methanogenic archaea bearing the functional gene mcrA (encoding methyl-coenzyme M reductase). Methane production involves the reduction of acetate or carbon dioxide in a microaerophilic or anaerobic environment under the catalytic actions of methyl-coenzyme M to generate methane. On the other hand, methane-oxidizing bacteria, also known as methanotrophs, through the catalytic action of particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO), oxidize methane and reduce its emission to the atmosphere. In essence, both production and consumption of methane happen within the soil. Methanotrophs and methanogens inhabit the same soil environment. In fact, a shift in the balance between methanogen and methanotroph activities and abundances could influence soil methane emission and global warming. In this review, we highlight recent advances in drivers of methane flux, pmoA (encoding pMMO) and mcrA gene abundances, methane emission and control, relationships between microbial functional gene abundances and soil functions, and methods for studying the pmoA and mcrA gene abundances in soil. We also highlight gaps that need to be filled and the impact of the mcrA/pmoA gene abundance ratio in driving the methane emission rate in soil. We also discuss the various abiotic factors that control pmoA and mcrA gene abundances.  相似文献   

6.
钟川  杨滨娟  张鹏  李萍  黄国勤 《核农学报》2019,33(2):379-388
为探究冬种不同作物、水旱轮作措施对稻田丰产及温室气体减排的影响,本研究设置5种种植模式,即紫云英-早稻-晚稻(CRR)、紫云英-早稻-甘薯‖晚大豆(CRI)、油菜-早稻-晚稻(RRR)、油菜-早稻-甘薯‖晚大豆(RRI)、马铃薯-早稻-晚稻(PRR),采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法测定稻田CH_4、N_2O的全年排放通量,研究基于冬季不同作物的不同水旱轮作模式对水稻产量、全球增温潜势(GWP)及温室气体排放强度(GHGI)的影响。结果表明,冬种不同作物均能提高早稻的产量,但对晚稻产量基本无影响,其中紫云英对早稻产量增效最好,CRI处理分别较其他处理高1.73%、12.08%、7.48%、10.95%;水旱轮作处理较双季稻处理可以获得更高的产量,RRI处理晚稻产量较其他4个处理分别高22.54%、5.37%、29.83%、27.24%。冬种不同作物对CH_4、N_2O排放无显著影响(P>0.05),水旱轮作显著增加了N_2O排放,显著降低了CH_4排放(P<0.05)。5种种植模式中,RRI处理的GWP最低,且显著低于CRR、RRR、PRR处理(P<0.05),分别低25.54%、29.76%、20.78%。RRI处理的GHGI最低,较其他处理分别显著低32.51%、18.18%、30.77%、20.59%(P<0.05)。综上,RRI处理在增加作物产量、减少稻田温室气体排放方面表现最好。本研究结果为长江中游双季稻区稻田丰产及温室气体减排提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
除草剂对土壤温室气体排放的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
试验设对照、尿素、尿素+草甘膦和尿素+丁草胺4个处理,尿素氮用量为200mg·kg-1干土,除草剂用量为10mg有效成分·kg-1干土。在实验室恒温培养条件下,研究除草剂对菜田土壤温室气体排放的影响。结果表明,菜田土壤中施用氮肥显著增加了温室气体N2O、CO2和CH4的排放。尿素氮肥中添加草甘膦显著抑制N2O、CO2的排放,分别比尿素处理降低48.4%和20.2%;添加丁草胺显著抑制N2O排放,比尿素处理降低23.2%,对CO2排放略有减少但不显著;草甘膦和丁草胺对CH4排放都无明显影响。这说明除草剂对土壤温室气体的排放具有显著影响,但不同除草剂品种的效应也存在明显差异。因此,在农田温室气体排放估算时应考虑除草剂的施用对温室气体减排所产生的效果。  相似文献   

8.
育肥猪舍甲烷排放浓度和排放通量的测试与分析   总被引:7,自引:4,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
畜禽养殖是重要的温室气体排放源,畜禽养殖的甲烷排放量受动物生长特性、粪便收集方式和气候条件的影响。为了探讨中国特有的饲养管理方式下育肥猪舍温室气体排放规律,为减少甲烷排放提供依据,该研究在北京选择一典型猪场,对不同季节育肥舍的甲烷排放浓度进行了试验测定,从2004年5月至2005年3月,每2个月一次连续采集72~80 h甲烷浓度和相关数据,并根据二氧化碳平衡原理,对猪场的甲烷排放量进行了估算。结果表明:育肥猪舍内甲烷浓度有明显的季节性和日变化特性,2005年1月舍内甲烷的平均浓度为(22.98±10.52)mg/m3,7月舍内甲烷浓度为(2.68±0.68)mg/m3;每日最低甲烷浓度出现在9:00 am~17:00 pm时段;冬季舍内二氧化碳浓度明显偏高,夜间比允许浓度高1倍;每头育肥猪饲养期间的甲烷排放量为68.10~207.01 mg/h,折合每标准动物单位排放量:436~1185 mg/h·(500 kg),在IPCC推荐的发展中国家猪呼吸代谢甲烷排放1.0 kg/(a·头)范围内。  相似文献   

9.
  总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
Abstract. Temperate grasslands account for c. 20% of the land area in Europe. Carbon accumulation in grassland ecosystems occurs mostly below ground and changes in soil organic carbon stocks may result from land use changes (e.g. conversion of arable land to grassland) and grassland management. Grasslands also contribute to the biosphere–atmosphere exchange of non-CO2 radiatively active trace gases, with fluxes intimately linked to management practices. In this article, we discuss the current knowledge on carbon cycling and carbon sequestration opportunities in temperate grasslands. First, from a simple two-parameter exponential model fitted to literature data, we assess soil organic carbon fluxes resulting from land use change (e.g. between arable and grassland) and from grassland management. Second, we discuss carbon fluxes within the context of farming systems, including crop–grass rotations and farm manure applications. Third, using a grassland ecosystem model (PaSim), we provide estimates of the greenhouse gas balance, in CO2 equivalents, of pastures for a range of stocking rates and of N fertilizer applications. Finally, we consider carbon sequestration opportunities for France resulting from the restoration of grasslands and from the de-intensification of intensive livestock breeding systems. We emphasize major uncertainties concerning the magnitude and non-linearity of soil carbon stock changes in agricultural grasslands as well as the emissions of N2O from soil and of CH4 from grazing livestock.  相似文献   

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11.
秸秆还田影响免耕稻田土壤固碳潜力,相应地改变了温室气体的排放,从而影响秸秆还田后稻田土壤固碳减排对减缓全球变暖的贡献。通过研究不同油菜秸秆还田量(0、3000、4000kg·hm-2和6000kg·hm-2)对免耕稻田温室气体(CO2、CH4和N2O)排放和土壤碳固定的影响,评估秸秆还田后温室气体增排的综合增温潜势对稻田固碳减缓全球变暖的贡献的抵消作用。结果表明,秸秆还田显著提高CO2和N2O排放,降低CH4排放,显著提高土壤有机碳含量,有效地提高土壤碳固定,从而有效地提高稻田土壤碳固定对温室气体增排的温室效应抵消作用。随着秸秆还田量的增加,稻田土壤固碳减缓全球变暖的贡献相应增加,因此必须考虑免耕稻田秸秆还田量的问题,以有效发挥免耕稻田秸秆还田的固碳潜力和降低温室气体的排放。  相似文献   

12.
    
Crude oil exploration and related activities cause severe soil contamination and land degradation. However, how soil CH4 and CO2 fluxes respond to oil contamination is poorly understood. To address this question, we conducted in situ investigation of CH4 and CO2 emissions in the Shengli Oilfield, China. CH4 emissions from contaminated soils were 60–1,800 μg·m−2·hr−1, much higher than those from uncontaminated soils (29–33 μg·m−2·hr−1). CO2 fluxes of 2–78 mg·m−2·hr−1 were lower from contaminated soils compared with uncontaminated controls (78–104 mg·m−2·hr−1). The variance of CH4 and CO2 fluxes could be explained to 78.0% by soil properties and oil well age (p < .001) as suggested by the redundancy analysis and the variance partitioning analysis. On the basis of the Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the archaeal 16S rRNA gene, the relative abundance of methanogens over archaea increased by 8 times in contaminated soils compared with that in the uncontaminated soils, suggesting enhanced methanogenesis processes. The proportion of hydrogenotrophic methanogens over the total methanogens increased from 35% in the uncontaminated soil to 43% in the contaminated soils, consistent with the higher apparent fractionation factor (αC) in the stable isotope analysis. Both microbial and isotopic results suggested that the hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis relatively enhanced with the oil contamination, with less dominance of the acetoclastic methanogenesis. The dramatically increased CH4 emissions under oil contamination call for great attention as a potentially important anthropogenic source of CH4 in the atmosphere.  相似文献   

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夏季猪场污水贮存过程中CO2、CH4排放试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
猪场粪污是重要的温室气体排放源,针对中国缺乏猪场污水贮存过程中温室气体排放参数的问题,该文选择温度较高的夏季,利用动态箱法于2007年6月对猪场的三格式化粪池进行了CO<2、CH4气体排放测试。测试结果表明:当大气平均温度为28.4℃时,86%的温室气体排放源于一级和二级化粪池,一级、二级和三级化粪池的温室气体排放通量分别为407.5、383.0、127.7 g/(m2?h)二氧化碳当量;CH4是本污水贮存单元中产生的主要的温室气体,一、二、三级化粪池排放的温室气体总量中,CH4排放的贡献率分别为95%、96%、95%,控制一、二级化粪池甲烷排放将大幅度减少猪场污水温室气体排放  相似文献   

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