磁化水对红星苹果贮藏品质影响的研究

用磁化水处理红星苹果，能明显地保持红星苹果果实在贮藏期的硬度和可溶性固形物的含量，对呼吸强度有明显的抑制作用，从而提高红星苹果贮藏品质，延长果实寿命。     

美国五代红星苹果简介

美国五代红星苹果简介王家喜，苑兆和，杨世忠（山东省果树所苗木微繁中心泰安２７１０００）１．美国五代红星的谱系美国于１８８０年从黄铃花苹果自然实生苗（ＹｅｌｌｅｗＢｅｌｌｆｌｏｗｅｒ×Ｕｎｋｎｏｗ）中发现元帅以后，从元帅中陆续选出的二代红星有２４个，其...     

冷凉库贮藏红星苹果的研究

本研究为苹果产区提供了一种利用自然低温和机械制冷相结合,库温可达0～10℃,结构简单,造价低廉的简易冷凉库的产地果品贮藏设施。研究结果表明,在这种简易冷凉库中,结合利用聚氯乙烯塑料薄膜小包装,可以使元帅系、金冠等中熟苹果贮藏6个月,果品新鲜饱满,硬度达4.54公斤/厘米~2以上,损耗率不超过5％,其保鲜效果与普通冷藏相近。获得投资少,成本低,经济效益显著的效果。本文还介绍了冷凉库贮藏红星苹果的技术要点。     

土窑洞简易气调加低乙烯贮藏对红星苹果品质的影响

乙烯是诱发和促进苹果果实成热和衰老所必需的激素,如何抑制果实中乙烯的生成和排除贮藏环境中的乙烯是目前采后生理及果蔬贮藏保鲜研究的一个重要方面。国外一些关于苹果低乙烯贮藏的报道多限于在0℃气调库条件下进行。本文主要研究在土窑洞变温条件下,红星苹果气调帐内乙烯累积浓度的变化及降低帐内乙烯浓度对红星苹果品质的影响。一、材料和方法     

贮藏条件对苹果贮藏性能影响

贮藏条件对苹果贮藏性能影响王春良ＡｄｒｉａｎＣｈｉｒａ,ＮｉｃｏｌａｅＣｅｐｏｉｕ（中国宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所·银川）（罗马尼亚布加勒斯特农牧大学园艺系第一作者简介：王春良,男,１９６０年７月出生于陕西岐山。１９８３年７月毕业于西北农业大学园艺系果...     

不同钙处理对苹果贮藏品质的影响

通过土壤施钙、幼果期喷钙、幼果期喷钙配合施用激素、采前喷钙及采后浸钙等试验，研究了不同钙处理对苹果贮藏品质的影响。结果表明：幼果期喷钙处理可以提高果实品质，而采收前后钙处理对果实品质影响不大；各钙处理均显著提高了采收期果实硬度，以幼呆期喷钙处理硬度较大；各钙处理在预防苦痘病方面均有一定效果。各处理中以幼果喷、施CaCl2 N从提高苹果采收及贮藏品质效果最佳。     

红星苹果管理问题与对策

红星苹果是目前生产上栽培的主要品种之一,其主要分为两大类,一类是以新红星为代表的短枝红星,一类是以羽红为代表的普通红星。在生产中管理得当都表现有良好的丰产优质性,尤其在旱地果园,其抗逆性明显优于富士苹果。但在生产中也存在着不少问题,现就生产中所见问题...     

花期措施对初果期红星品种的座果效应

红星是我国苹果主栽品种之一,其品质好,经济价值高,然而,初果期产量低是生产中尚未解决的问题。造成低产的原因很多,座果率低是主要因素之一。据1988—1990年在太谷、祁县对6—8年生的红星品种调     

富士苹果贮藏病害特点及其原因分析

通过采收前后试验及营养分析证明，富士苹果黑萼病和苦痘病是缺钙而产生的生理病害。     

喷钙对乔纳金苹果贮藏性的影响

从花后第 5周开始 ,对乔纳金苹果树分别喷布 Ca Cl2 、Wuxal Calcium和 Ca Cl2 、Wuxal Cal-cium溶液 ,每隔两周喷 1次 ,共喷 6次。结果表明 :处理后的乔纳金果实含钙量增加 ,内源乙烯释放量降低 ,淀粉指数降低 ;苹果苦痘病等贮藏病害发病率低于对照 ,贮藏效果显著好于对照 ,其中以喷布Wuxal Calcium效果最好     

苹果新品种瑞雪的贮藏特性研究

【目的】明确苹果新品种瑞雪(Malus domestica Borkh.‘Ruixue’)的采后贮藏特性,为其进一步推广提供参考。【方法】以陕西白水苹果试验站采摘的套袋瑞雪苹果为试验材料,设置低温(0±0.5)℃和常温(20±2)℃2个处理,研究其贮藏期间呼吸强度、乙烯释放速率、表面色泽、硬度和可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C含量的变化,以及病害发生情况。【结果】0℃贮藏能够较好地维持瑞雪苹果的水分、硬度和可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和维生素C含量,抑制果皮色泽变暗、变黄,呼吸高峰和乙烯高峰分别出现在贮藏后45 d和60 d,贮藏120 d之后,出现虎皮病。常温贮藏30 d之内,果实品质维持较好,30 d之后,果实营养物质流失严重,呼吸高峰和乙烯高峰分别出现在贮藏后20 d和50 d,常温贮藏期间,虎皮病、苦痘病、腐烂病发病严重,果柄褐变增多,果皮油腻化严重。【结论】瑞雪苹果在低温下的耐贮性较好,但贮藏120 d时,开始出现虎皮病。常温条件下瑞雪果实迅速老化,出现各种病害,建议20～30 d内及时销售食用。     

Postharvest quality response of strawberries with aloe vera coating during refrigerated storage

Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) were coated either with chitosan (1, 1.5, and 2% solution, w/v) or aloe vera (AV) gel and the coatings were air dried. Coated strawberries were put in a polypropylene box and stored in refrigerator (6 ± 1°C and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. The success of coating in retaining the postharvest quality of the strawberries was evaluated by determining respiration rate, firmness, weight loss, external colour change, ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids, acidity, pH, microbial decay and sensory quality. The incidence of microbial rot started on day-6 in uncoated and 1% chitosan coated strawberries. Strawberries coated with 1.5 and 2% chitosan were affected by microbial decay on day-9 of storage. On the other hand, rot incidence was initiated in AV gel coated strawberries on day-15 of storage. Aloe vera gel or chitosan coating reduced respiration rate, weight loss, and microbial decay and preserved firmness, ascorbic acid content, and other quality parameters, thus delaying ripening and the progress of fruit decay due to senescence or microbial attack. Furthermore, AV gel delayed the changes in external colour and retained all other postharvest quality of strawberries compared to chitosan coated or uncoated ones throughout the storage.     

Effect of low-pressure storage on the quality of green capsicums (Capsicum annum L.)

Green capsicums (Capsicum annum L.) were stored under low pressure (4 kPa) at 10°C for 5 and 11 days with 100% RH. The results showed that the incidence of stem decay under low-pressure storage for 5 and 11 days and storage at ambient atmosphere at 20°C for 3 days was lower compared to fruits that were stored at regular atmosphere at 10°C. Fruit that had been stored at low pressure at 10°C had no symptoms of flesh rots for up to 11 days, whilst fruit which had been stored at regular atmosphere at 10°C had 6% flesh rots after 11 days storage at 10°C.There was no difference in flesh firmness and colour retention between fruits stored at low pressure and regular pressure at 10°C. Capsicums stored at low pressure had higher overall acceptability compared to fruit that were stored at regular atmosphere at 10°C. These results demonstrate the potential of low pressure storage as an effective technique to manage capsicum fruit quality, however, there was no additional benefit when fruits were stored at low pressure for more than 5 days.     

高压静电场处理对鸭梨采后生理的影响

 以鸭梨果实为材料，研究了一100 kV／m高压静电场处理对果实呼吸强度、乙烯释放量、可溶性固形物含量和果心二氧化碳含量变化的影响 试验结果表明，高压静电场处理使鸭梨果实的呼吸跃变推迟了60 d，但不改变峰值的高低，同时使乙烯释放高峰推迟60 d，且峰值只有对照的1／2左右。高压静电场处理对抑制可溶性固形物的损失和果心褐变具有显著效果。进一步的研究表明，高压静电场处理使铁离子的代谢紊乱，呼吸链电子传递受阻可能是其抑制呼吸作用的主要原因。     

Rootstock influence on ‘delicious’ and ‘golden delicious’ apple fruit quality at harvest and after storage

The influence of 9 rootstocks (M2, M7, M25, M26, MM104, MM106, MM109, MM111 and seedling) on fruit quality at harvest and after storage of ‘Wellspur Delicious’ (WS) and ‘Goldspur’ (GS), and of 3 rootstocks (M7, M26 and MM106) on fruit quality of ‘Red King Delicious’ (RK) and ‘Golden Delicious’ (GD) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) was evaluated during a 4-year period. Fruits from trees on M26 were larger, developed earlier color and soluble solids (SS), and maintained higher levels of acidity (at harvest and during storage) in comparison with other rootstocks. Fruit from trees on M2 tended to have high SS. Fruit color from trees on MM104, MM106 and MM109 tended to be comparatively poor. There were significant rootstock effects on SS, starch, acidity, color, circumference, weight and box size.     

富士苹果施钙肥效应

以8年生富士苹果(Malusdomesticacv.Fuji)为试材进行不同组合钙肥试验,结果表明,土施CaSO4肥显著提高了土壤总钙、交换性钙和果实钙含量,以3.5kg/株CaSO4处理效果最显著;将3.5kgCaSO4分为幼果期和膨大期2次使用增钙效果明显,分期施肥无论配合秋施有机肥还是春季喷氨基酸钙都极显著提高了果实钙含量,以S2+1.5AM处理(春施2kgCaSO4+喷3遍氨基酸钙+夏施1.5kgCaSO4+秋施5kg苹果专用有机肥)的钙含量最高,达到179.17mg/kg;秋施苹果专用有机肥明显提高果实钙含量,增加根系和枝条的贮藏钙,以10kg/株配合春施1kg/株CaSO4的效果较好。当有机肥施用量达到15kg/株或CaSO4超过3.5kg/株时增钙效果下降。交换性钙、土壤及果实Ca/Mg比值与果实钙含量呈正相关,土壤速效磷、钾、果实N/Ca比值与果实钙含量呈显著负相关。不同施肥处理果实的N/Ca比值和Ca/Mg比值差异显著,采收时富士果实N/Ca比值<17,Ca/Mg比值≥7,贮藏期间的苦痘病发生率较低。有利于富士苹果钙素营养的施肥组合是秋冬施有机肥加钙化肥、幼果期喷钙和果实膨大期土施钙肥。     

采后热空气处理对金冠苹果后熟衰老及病害的影响

金冠苹果采用38℃,72h或96h热空气处理,可降低0℃贮藏中果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量,延缓非溶性果胶的降解,维持较高的硬度、脆度,同时也会加速果皮的褪绿变黄和固酸比的上升,尤其是38℃96h处理的作用效果更为明显,显著提高了货架期后(20℃7d)苹果的质地品质和可接受程度,延缓衰老。苹果分别接种扩展青霉、灰葡萄孢霉,0℃和20℃条件下其病害发生率和腐烂均很严重,采用38℃96h热空气处理可以完全控制病害的发生,避免腐烂。可见,热空气处理一方面能延缓金冠苹果的后熟衰老,另一方面还能控制贮期病害的发生。     

树盘反光膜铺设时间长短对苹果品质的影响

以13年生红富士苹果为试材,探讨反光膜铺设时间长短对果实品质的影响。结果表明,果园地面铺设反光膜能显著提高苹果果实维生素C含量和着色程度,降低果实可滴定酸含量,且铺设时间越长效果越好;铺设反光膜能显著增加果实红色度,反光膜铺设时间20天时,果实着色效果最好。