肉种鸡屠体肥度性状与蛋物理组成关系研究

以肉种鸡为素材,测量其42周龄蛋的物理组成和54周龄肉种鸡腹脂重(率),研究肉种鸡屠体肥度与蛋物理组成关系。结果表明:腹脂重(率)与蛋重、蛋黄重、蛋黄比例、蛋黄蛋白比例相关不显著;蛋重与蛋黄重、蛋白重存在极显著的正表型相关,与蛋黄比例、蛋黄蛋白比例呈显著的负表型相关;蛋黄重与蛋白重呈极显著的正表型相关,与蛋黄比例、蛋黄蛋白比例呈极显著的正表型相关;蛋白重与蛋黄比例、蛋黄蛋白比例呈极显著的负表型相关;蛋黄比例与蛋黄蛋白比例呈极显著正表型相关。     

应用响应面法优化蚕沙叶绿素超声波辅助提取工艺

为了充分利用蚕桑生产的副产物蚕沙生产高附加值产品,以丙酮-乙醇混合液为提取剂,采用超声波辅助有机溶剂法提取蚕沙中的叶绿素。通过响应面试验考察蚕沙软化时间及超声波提取温度、提取时间等主要工艺参数对蚕沙叶绿素提取效率的影响,优化提取工艺条件为:蚕沙软化时间16 min,超声波提取温度70℃,超声波提取时间60 min。在此最优工艺条件下,蚕沙叶绿素的提取效率最高,提取液中叶绿素a的质量浓度可达到11.38 mg/L。     

五河野生大豆种子营养成分及饲用价值研究

采用田间试验和分析测试研究了安徽五河野生大豆种子的主要营养成分和饲用价值。结果表明,五河野生大豆营养丰富;蛋白质含量为38.92%,脂肪含量为16.94%,粗纤维含量为4.1%,总糖含量为10.14%,钙、镁的含量分别为0.357%和0.059%,总异黄酮的含量为0.13%,总游离氨基酸含量为960.2 mg/100 g粗蛋白,微量元素锌、铜的含量分别为37.3 和41.4 mg/kg。 五河野生大豆的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量和普通大豆接近。13种脂肪酸中以亚油酸、油酸含量较高,且与普通大豆相当,亚麻酸含量高于普通大豆;17种氨基酸中以酪氨酸、天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸含量较高,其限制氨基酸为色氨酸、苏氨酸、胱氨酸。五河野生大豆种子具有较好的饲用价值,可以作为优质蛋白质饲料加以开发利用。     

乳脂肪球膜组成及分离提取技术研究进展

乳中的脂肪以脂肪球的形态存在,被3 层膜包裹,称之为乳脂肪球膜（milk fat globule membrane,MFGM）。由于MFGM生物学功能和乳化潜力的相关报道,MFGM引发了广泛研究。本文综述MFGM的结构、组成、分离提取方法以及不同分离提取方法中工艺参数变化对MFGM组成的影响。     

中药提取物对鸡免疫调节作用的研究

选择临床健康鸡和1日龄感染网状内皮组织增生症病毒(REV)诱发了免疫抑制的鸡,测试了不同方法提取的中药提取物对免疫调节的作用。结果表明,在饮水中添加由黄芪、党参、淫羊藿和甘草组成的提取物,无论是水溶性提取物(水提取物和乙醚提取后的水提取物)还是脂溶性提取物(乙醚提取物),对健康鸡NDV和H5-AIV灭活疫苗免疫后HI抗体水平没有影响(P>0.05),水溶性提取物对REV诱发的免疫抑制鸡的NDV和H5-AIV灭活疫苗免疫后HI抗体水平有显著影响(P<0.01),可显著提高其抗体水平。REV也同样诱发了试验动物体重和免疫器官的抑制,无论是水溶性提取物还是脂溶性提取物对免疫抑制动物的体重没有影响(P>0.05),水溶性提取物对免疫抑制动物免疫器官重量有显著作用(P<0.05),可显著增加免疫器官重量,脂溶性提取物对免疫器官重量没有影响(P>0.05)。试验表明,中药的水溶性成分可明显增强免疫抑制鸡的抗体水平,并可以显著增加免疫抑制鸡的胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏的重量,而由同样中药组成的乙醚提取成分则没有免疫增强作用。     

低脂无臭蛹蛋白粉的制备方法

研究分析了蚕蛹中油脂的存在形式。采用溶剂浸出整蛹脱脂的方法 ,通过多次脱脂并除臭后提取出无异味的蛹蛋白 ,可用于食品添加剂。制成的蛹蛋白中含油脂 1 8%、水分 5 8%、灰分 1 4 %、总氮 13 9%、氯化物 (以氯计 ) <0 0 5 %、砷 0 94mg/kg、汞 0 5 2mg/kg、重金属总量 <5mg/kg ;微生物检验菌落总数为 5 10cfu·g-1,大肠菌群 9× 10 -3 MPN·g-1,沙门氏菌、贺氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌均未检出 ,霉菌总数 <10cfu·g-1,酵母菌总数 <10cfu·g-1,符合食品卫生标准。     

Isolation of faecal chlamydia from sheep in Britain andtheir characterization by cultural properties

Faeces samples were taken per rectum from sheep on 26 farms in England and Wales and examined for thepresence of chlamydia by culture McCoy cell monolayers. Thirteen of the fars were known to have had abortion outbreaks associated with Chlamydia psittaci (enzootic abortion) and 13 were free of this infection. The chlamydia isolated were characterized by cultural techniques. Chlamydia were isolated from the faeces of lambs on all 26 farms and the prevalence of infection varied from 5–50% on individual farms. There was no significant difference between the proportion of infected lambs on farms where enzootic abortion was present or absent. Lambs first showed infection when they were 3 months old and the prevalence rate of infection increased up to 9 months old. No chlamydia were isolated from the faeces of 316 adult ewes. The chlamydia were identified as enteric rather than abortion type and thus were C. pecorum rather than C. psittaci.     

蚕沙的药理研究及临床应用研究进展

蚕沙既是蚕桑副产物,也是我国传统中药之一,具有抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗氧化等一系列作用。本文对其药理作用及临床应用的国内外研究进展进行了综述,为其进一步研究和开发利用提供了参考。     

Leptin as an indicator for carcass composition in farm animals

The function of leptin in livestock species has been intensively studied during recent years. Due to the associations between plasma leptin concentrations and body fat, leptin could be used as an indicator for the in vivo evaluation of carcass composition in breeding programs. This review specifically discusses leptin mRNA expression in several fat tissues, the relationship between plasma leptin and body fat and the influence of fasting on this association. It also refers to the limitations of the use of plasma leptin concentrations as a predictor for selection purposes in breeding animals. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphisms in the leptin gene have some effects on carcass traits and the leptin gene is considered to be a candidate gene for a marker‐assisted selection. However, these results are very inconsistent across various populations and need to be confirmed in future studies before leptin can be used efficiently in breeding programs and management.     

Effect of dietary fatty acid pattern on growth, body fat composition and antioxidant parameters in broilers

The effects of dietary fat supplementation on performance, fatty acid (FA) composition of tissues and antioxidant defence system of broilers were studied. Male broilers were placed in 20 floor pens (60 broilers per pen). The broilers were fed by diets with added different energy sources: lard (L); sunflower oil (SFO); soybean oil (SBO); and linseed oil (LSO). The treatments did not modify significantly growth performance and feed intake of the broilers. There was no effect of dietary FA pattern on reduced glutathione level and glutathione peroxidase activity of plasma, erythrocyte and liver samples. However, higher PUFA content of the diet resulted in a significant increase in malondialdehyde level of erythrocytes and liver. The broilers fed LSO diet more effectively maintained their antioxidant status with enhanced plasma radical scavenger capacity. FA composition in tissues reflected the FA pattern of the diets, although proportion of FAs with four or more double bonds was metabolic specific. LSO diet increased the level of C18:3, C20:5 and C22:6 in tissue lipids in relation to L, SFO and SBO diets. Significantly increased plasma radical scavenging capacity in concert with the enhanced C20:5 and C22:6 proportion in liver and muscle during LSO feeding indicate metabolic changes to counteract the oxidative injury. This may be related to the compounds produced after different biochemical pathways of n-6 and n-3 FAs.     

过瘤胃保护性精氨酸和大豆油对细毛羊肌内脂肪和脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平的过瘤胃保护性精氨酸( rumen-protected arginine,RP-Arg)和大豆油对细毛羊肌内脂肪和脂肪酸组成的影响.试验选用健康、体重相近的15只细毛羊,随机分为5组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1.5 g/d RP-Arg、2.0 g/d RP-Arg、1.5 g/d RP-Arg+3％大豆油和2.0 g/d RP-Arg+3％大豆油的饲粮.预试期为5d,正试期为45 d.试验结束后每组选2只羊进行屠宰,取背最长肌样用于测定肉质指标和脂肪酸组成.结果表明:试验组肌肉pH、系水率和熟肉率与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05),而肌内脂肪含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);试验组肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸含量与对照组相比显著提高(P＜0.05);添加RP-Arg和大豆油有提高肌肉过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体γ(PPARγ)、脂蛋白脂酶(LPL) mRNA表达量,降低激素敏感性甘油三酯脂肪酶(HSL) mRNA表达量的趋势.综合指标,以1.5 g/d RP-Arg组与1.5 g/d RP-Arg+3％大豆油组添加效果较好.     

双氯醇胺对高温下肉仔鸡主要体成分沉积的影响

用２×２因子完全交叉方法,观察双氯醇胺（ＣＬ）在高温下对９６只ＡＡ肉仔鸡（４组）组织中脂肪、蛋白质沉积的影响。结果表明,高温使机体蛋白质的沉积降低９．４％,脂肪含量提高１２．４％;双氯醇胺使高温下鸡体蛋白质的沉积率提高１２．７％,体脂肪沉积率下降１７．１％。     

不同季节青海高原型牦牛乳营养成分的比较研究

选择生活在高海拔（平均海拔4 200 m以上）的青海高原型牦牛（夏季,n=18;冬季,n=18）分析季节对牦牛乳营养成分和脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明：蛋白质、乳糖、非脂乳固体、灰分、VA和主要反式脂肪酸（反-9-C18:1和反-9,12-C18:2 n-6）含量冬季显著低于夏季（P＜0.05）,而脂肪和主要脂肪酸（C16:0、C17:0、C18:0、顺-9-C16:1、顺-9-C18:1和顺-9,12-C18:2 n-6）含量冬季显著高于夏季（P＜0.05）,说明青海高原型牦牛乳的营养成分和脂肪酸组成受季节的影响。     

蚕沙堆肥技术研究进展

堆肥处理是蚕沙无害化、资源化利用的一种主要方式。本文对蚕沙堆肥系统和影响堆肥的主要因素:含水量、温度、通风供氧、C/N比、堆肥产品大小、pH值等进行了综述。