CHEMISTRY NOBEL: Getting a Charge Out of Plastics

This year's Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to a trio of researchers--Alan Heeger of the University of California, Santa Barbara; Alan MacDiarmid of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia; and Hideki Shirakawa of the University of Tsukuba in Japan--for discovering that plastics can be made electrically conductive. The discovery paved the way for revolutionary applications such as full-color displays for cellular phones and plastic electronics for computerized merchandise.     

Getting to know you: reputation and trust in a two-person economic exchange

Using a multiround version of an economic exchange (trust game), we report that reciprocity expressed by one player strongly predicts future trust expressed by their partner-a behavioral finding mirrored by neural responses in the dorsal striatum. Here, analyses within and between brains revealed two signals-one encoded by response magnitude, and the other by response timing. Response magnitude correlated with the "intention to trust" on the next play of the game, and the peak of these "intention to trust" responses shifted its time of occurrence by 14 seconds as player reputations developed. This temporal transfer resembles a similar shift of reward prediction errors common to reinforcement learning models, but in the context of a social exchange. These data extend previous model-based functional magnetic resonance imaging studies into the social domain and broaden our view of the spectrum of functions implemented by the dorsal striatum.     

规划模型及计算机求解

规划论是运筹学的重要分支 ,在管理科学中具有广泛的应用 ,规划模型的求解是规划论研究的核心问题之一 ,也是影响规划理论发展和应用的关键。本文阐述了如何应用线性规划、整数规划和非线性规划模型并借助计算机解决管理决策中的实际问题的方法 ,结合农业生产中的例子详细介绍Excel在规划模型求解中的应用 ,试图使烦琐复杂的规划求解问题变得简单、快捷 ,易于实现     

Women's reactions to job loss: The moral dilemmas of a plant closing

Blue collar women in declining industries tend to suffer permanent job loss as a result of dislocation, and women living in rural areas may be particularly vulnerable to extended unemployment. Relatively little is known about their experiences, in part because existing conceptual models do not adequately represent women's perspectives. In this study it is proposed that an ethic of care, as conceptualized by Carol Gilligan, shapes women's interpretations of the meaning of job dislocation. Gilligan's constructs are applied to a study of middle aged women who were dislocated when an apparel manufacturing plant in their rural Southern community closed unexpectedly. The focus is on three moral dilemmas and the opportunities for growth that occurred as a result of the crisis, as women reconstructed the meaning of the experience. The potential contributions of the ethic of care perspective to other studies of job loss is discussed.1. Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Journal Series No. R-00958. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Council on Family Relations, Charleston, SC, March 15–17, 1990. The author would like to thank Constance Shehan and Jaber Gubrium for their helpful comments.     

以提升透明度加固反腐败道德防线

许多腐败事例表明,领导干部是先出现了品德修养的蜕变后才逐步滑向腐败深渊的。加强思想道德防线是预防腐败的一项重要战略举措。而只有提高领导干部道德建设的透明度,才能有效加固道德防线。