Improvement of three popular Indian groundnut varieties for foliar disease resistance and high oleic acid using SSR markers and SNP array in marker-assisted backcrossing

Foliar fungal diseases(rust and late leaf spot)incur large yield losses,in addition to the deterioration of fodder quality in groundnut worldwide.High oleic acid has emerged as a key market trait in groundnut,as it increases the shelf life of the produce/products in addition to providing health benefits to consumers.Marker-assisted backcrossing(MABC)is the most successful approach to introgressing or pyramiding one or more traits using traitlinked markers.We used MABC to improve three popular Indian cultivars(GJG 9,GG 20,and GJGHPS 1)for foliar disease resistance(FDR)and high oleic acid content.A total of 22 BC3F4 and 30 BC2F4 introgression lines(ILs)for FDR and 46 BC3F4 and 41 BC2F4 ILs for high oleic acid were developed.Recurrent parent genome analysis using the 58 K Axiom_Arachis array identified several lines showing upto 94%of genome recovery among second and third backcross progenies.Phenotyping of these ILs revealed FDR scores comparable to the resistant parent,GPBD 4,and ILs with high(~80%)oleic acid in addition to high genome recovery.These ILs provide further opportunities for pyramiding FDR and high oleic acid in all three genetic backgrounds as well as for conducting multi-location yield trials for further evaluation and release for cultivation in target regions of India.     

Seed filling dynamic traits of oil flax in response to nitrogen and phosphorus

Crop yield is primarily seed-filling-limited in production system under field conditions.This study was aimed to determine whether seed filling traits of oil flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)could be controlled by phosphorus(P),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus and nitrogen(NP)supply.Effects on seed filling traits were investigated in 2 years including capsule diameter,capsule height,capsule dry matter(DM),seed DM per capsule,pericarp DM per capsule,protein content and oil content.DM translocation from pericarps to seed,translocation efficiency,and contribution of photoassimilates during seed filling period were also detected.In a randomized complete block design,cultivar'Longyaza 1'was grown under P(33 kg P/ha),N(75 kg N/ha),and NP(33 kg P/ha and 75 kg N/ha)along with a zerofertilizer(CK)treatment in 2013 and 2014.Results suggested that DM translocation efficiency and contribution efficiency increased to different extent due to P,N or NP application.At 42 DAA(days after anthesis),seed DM per capsule reached the greatest,while protein content and pericarp DM obtained the least level.However,the highest oil content was detected at 35 DAA.A significant positive linear relationship was observed between seed DM,capsule DM and DM translocation in both years.Protein content showed inconsistent relation with oil content.The results indicated that appropriate N and P management could be an effective approach to increase oil flax production.     

Ustilaginoidea virens: A Fungus Infects Rice Flower and Threats World Rice Production

Rice false smut disease, which is caused by the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, is currently one of the most devastating rice fungal diseases in the world. Rice false smut disease not only causes severe yield loss and grain quality reduction, but also threatens food safety due to its production of mycotoxins. In this review, the most recent progresses regarding the life cycle, infection processes, genome and genetic diversity, pathogenic gene and disease resistance in rice were summarized in order to provide theoretical basis for the control of U. virens. We also proposed some future directions and key questions that need to be addressed for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism that leads to rice false smut disease and the prospects for sustainable control of rice false smut.     

广东:第十届广州国际茶文化节暨2009中国(广州)国际茶业博览会隆重开幕

本刊讯11月26日,第十届广州国际茶文化节、2009中国(广州)国际茶业博览会在广州琶洲中洲商务展示中心隆重举行开幕式。原中共中央政治局委员、全国政协副主席杨汝岱,中华全国供销合作总     

今年铁观音春茶特点和市场走势的几点启发

五月的安溪大地,蛰伏着一股巨大力量,来自全国各地的茶商云集,表面被春雨挡住步伐,但一坐下来就是满腹的茶经;我有幸成为其中一员,八年从事茶行业,让我越来越淡定,我想这是茶力量的觉醒,因而我若有所思……     

征订启事

1)本刊2011年杂志仍可订阅,年价48元,如需挂号邮寄,每订户全年另加挂号费18元。2)本刊1996—2010年合订本有售,单价(含邮费)分别为:1996,1997,1998和1999年各25元,2000,2001和2002年各30元,2003,2004和2005年各40元,2006,2007,2008,2009和2010年各60元。     

世界主要产茶国及全球茶园总面积(续)

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茶中有孝道,一品人间情

白茶总是弥漫着神秘的气息,卓剑舟在《太姥山全志》中解释:今呼为白毫,香色俱绝,而尤以鸿雪洞产者为最。性寒凉,功同犀角,为麻疹圣药。这棵长     

2010年西湖龙井新茶价格预计总体平稳

最近,有媒体报道2010年西湖龙井新茶价格将出现上涨,每斤将有200到1000元不等的涨幅,不少人看到新闻后惊呼这西湖龙井喝不起了。为此,本刊电话联系采访了浙江省茶叶产业协会秘书长胡迪钧,他对这样的报道表示吃惊,他说近几年西湖龙井新茶上市之初,除了个别企业     

智慧成就机遇 远见拓展未来——解读肖文华和闽茶奇葩华祥苑

2008年11月,是华祥苑茗茶丰收的一个月。在第四届中国茶业经济年会上,华祥苑不但继续蝉联百强,董事长肖文华行业"投名状"被评选为2008中国茶叶行业年度经济人物:在产品上,华祥苑     

Mutagenic Improvement of Shattering Characteristic of the Restorer Line of a Hybrid Rice “Xieyou 9308”

The newly developed hybrid rice combination "Xieyou 9308" (Xieqingzao A/T9308) has been regarded as a super-high-yielding rice variety, of which the yield potential reached as high as 12 t/ha. However, its high shattering characteristic (as high as 60%) has limited its wider application. In the current experiment, a non-shattering mutant line, M9308, was developed from T9308 by gamma irradiation. Comparisons were made but no marked differences were found between T9308 and M9308 as well as between their F1 hybrids crossed to Xieqingzao A for major agronomic and grain quality characters as well as resistance to diseases. Genetic analysis indicated that the non-shattering character of M9308 was governed by a single recessive gene.     

Dactylospongia elegans—A Promising Drug Source: Metabolites,Bioactivities, Biosynthesis,Synthesis, and Structural-Activity Relationship

Marine environment has been identified as a huge reservoir of novel biometabolites that are beneficial for medical treatments, as well as improving human health and well-being. Sponges have been highlighted as one of the most interesting phyla as new metabolites producers. Dactylospongia elegans Thiele (Thorectidae) is a wealth pool of various classes of sesquiterpenes, including hydroquinones, quinones, and tetronic acid derivatives. These metabolites possessed a wide array of potent bioactivities such as antitumor, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory. In the current work, the reported metabolites from D. elegans have been reviewed, including their bioactivities, biosynthesis, and synthesis, as well as the structural-activity relationship studies. Reviewing the reported studies revealed that these metabolites could contribute to new drug discovery, however, further mechanistic and in vivo studies of these metabolites are needed.     

盘锦市农产品质量安全体系建设与思考

针对盘锦市加强农产品质量安全体系建设,强化农产品质量安全,因地制宜提出:以创建国家级生态示范为动力,以农业标准化为准则,以开发无公害、绿色、有机食品为重点,以提高农产品质量安全水平为目标,以法制建设为后盾,积极主动开展切实可行的农产品质量安全保障工程。     

色素万寿菊试管苗玻璃化控制的研究

以色素万寿菊带腋芽的茎段为外植体,研究离体快繁中蔗糖、AgNO₃、琼脂、植物凝胶、活性炭及不同封口材料对芽增殖及玻璃苗产生的影响。结果显示：30 g/L蔗糖适合万寿菊幼苗的生长,玻璃化率随蔗糖浓度（10~60 g/L）的增加而减少,60 g/L的蔗糖玻璃化率仅9.13%;AgNO₃有抑制玻璃苗发生作用,5.0 g/L AgNO₃可使玻璃化率低至9.81%;活性炭的用量对玻璃化影响最为明显,5.0 g/L活性炭可使玻璃化率高达38.18%;琼脂和植物凝胶对芽的增殖及玻璃化发生表现相同的趋势,低浓度时有利于芽的增殖,高浓度可有效防止玻璃化发生,10 g/L的琼脂玻璃化率低至8.31%;2.0 g/L的植物凝胶芽增殖系数高达3.35,5.0 g/L植物凝胶玻璃化率低至6.67%;棉花塞+双层牛皮纸+棉线封口时,芽增殖系数高达3.24,玻璃化率低至8.46%。     

大豆新品种绥农42的选育与推广

绥农42是黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院以合03-1099为母本,以绥02-339为父本有性杂交选育而成,2016年通过黑龙江省审定,该品种高产、抗病、适应性广,适于黑龙江省第二积温带及吉林、内蒙、新疆等相应区域种植。     

福建乌龙茶防病保健作用的临床研究

采用传统的饮茶方法对福建乌龙茶的调脂、抗动脉硬化、降压、减肥、延缓衰老和美容的作用进行研究,结果表明:福建乌龙茶具有降低TC、TG,提高HDL-C的调脂作用,同时还能延迟OX-LDL氧化时间,有一定的抗动脉硬化的作用,有降低收缩压和舒张压的降压作用,有减轻体重、缩小腹围、减少腹部皮下脂肪堆积的减肥作用,有改善中医脾虚、肾虚的衰老见证,全面提高SOD、T淋巴细胞亚群数和NK细胞活性的抗衰老作用,有调节面部皮肤脂质和保水率的美容作用。     

Digoxigenin(DIG)标记RNA探针检测侵染花生的Potyviruses

以花生条纹病毒(PStV)和花生斑驳病毒(PMV)克隆cDNA为模板,体外转录合成Digo-xgenin(DIG)标记PStV—I_9、PStV-I_(131)、PStV—I_(57-7)和PMV—A_(15)四种RNA探针。在点杂交反应中,PStV—I_9RNA探针能检测出0.25ng提纯PStV和花生病汁液62500倍稀释液中PStV。PMV—A_(16)RNA探针能检测到0.67ng提纯PMV和菜豆病汁液5120倍稀释液中PMV。两种病毒RNA探针均有高度特异性。PStV—I_(57-7)和PStV—I_(131)两种RNA探针具有与PStV—I_9RNA探针相同敏感性,但特异性稍差。     

玉米杂交组合萌发期和苗期抗旱性评价

以45个玉米杂交组合为材料,利用20％ PEG-6000溶液分别在萌发期和苗期模拟干旱胁迫,萌发期主要考察发芽率、发芽势等7个指标,苗期考察株高、根冠比等9个指标.利用主成分分析和隶属函数法分析萌发期和苗期的抗旱性表现,探讨2个时期的综合抗旱性.结果 表明,根据萌发期抗旱性可将供试组合分为4类,瑞玉617等2个组合属于...     

Functional and Bioactive Properties of Peptides Derived from Marine Side Streams

In fish processing, a great amount of side streams, including skin, bones, heads and viscera, is wasted or downgraded as feed on a daily basis. These side streams are rich sources of bioactive nitrogenous compounds and protein, which can be converted into peptides through enzymatic hydrolysis as well as bacterial fermentation. Peptides are short or long chains of amino acids differing in structure and molecular weight. They can be considered as biologically active as they can contribute to physiological functions in organisms with applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In the food industry, such bioactive peptides can be used as preservatives or antioxidants to prevent food spoilage. Furthermore, peptides contain several functional qualities that can be exploited as tools in modifying food ingredient solubility, water-holding and fat-binding capacity and gel formation. In the pharmaceutical industry, peptides can be used as antioxidants, but also as antihypertensive, anticoagulant and immunomodulatory compounds, amongst other functions. On the basis of their properties, peptides can thus be used in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals. This review focuses on the bioactive peptides derived from seafood side streams and discusses their technological properties, biological activities and applications.     

20个玉米群体农艺性状表现及对丝黑穗病抗性评价

以外引的20个美国玉米群体为试验材料,对其主要性状及玉米丝黑穗病抗性进行评价。连续两年接种鉴定表明,多数群体表现抗病,其中群体BSLCSC7表现为高抗,BS10CFRC10、BS12CH1C8和BS26等6个群体表现为抗病,BSCAD-1、BSCAD-2和BSCAD-3等7个群体表现为中抗,其余6个群体表现感病或高感。农艺性状鉴定表明,大部分供试群体在黑龙江省具有较好的适应性,其中群体BSCAD-3和BS12CH1C8的产量、产量构成因子及对玉米丝黑穗病抗性等性状表现较好,在育种中可优先利用。